METALS AND MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL
·
2021
·Vol. 27
·期 12
·5389-5398
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IF 3.642
Hong S. F.,Lu Z. C.,Liu Y. H.,He Q. M.,Jiang W.,Zeng M. Q.
Abstract Supersaturated solid–solutions in a W–Cr alloy system were fabricated by conventional milling and plasma milling. The different extension mechanisms of the solid solubility that were created by ball milling with and without discharge plasma were studied. The solid–solubility of Cr in W for the P-milling W–Cr alloy system was higher, which indicates that plasma milling promotes the formation of W(Cr) solid–solution more easily than conventional milling. According to Miedema’s model, in the W–Cr alloy system, the free-energy change to form a W(Cr) solid solution by plasma milling is reduced compared with conventional milling because of the heating effect of the discharge plasma. Therefore, a higher stored energy in the grain boundaries and dislocations of the W–Cr nanograins during plasma milling makes it easier to overcome the thermodynamic barrier in the formation of a solid–solution, when compared with conventional milling. Graphic Abstract
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2021
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IF 10.588
Feng Cheng,Peng Zhou,Xiaowei Huo,Yang Liu,Yongli Zhang
In this study, Fenton-like chain reaction is constructed by coupling nanoscale tungsten powders (nW 0 ) and peroxydisulfate (PDS). The nanoscale tungsten powders/peroxydisulfate (nW 0 /PDS) system exhibits a high oxidation efficiency toward diverse pollutants and expands the effective pH range up to 9.8. Results reveal • OH and sulfate radical (SO 4 •− ) were confirmed to be responsible for 4,4′-ethylidenebisphenol (EBP) degradation, especially • OH. The corrosion process of nW 0 results in the in-situ production of H 2 O 2 and the transient-state tungsten species (W (x, x < VI)), initiating the reaction of H 2 O 2 and tungsten species to generate • OH. PDS can accelerate nW 0 corrosion to enhance the Fenton-like reaction, and can be activated by tungsten species (nW 0 and W (x, x < VI)) to produce • OH and SO 4 •− . Integrated the analysis results of LC-QTOF-MS/MS, EBP degradation pathways were proposed. This study reveals the high oxidation efficiency over a wide pH range in the nW 0 /PDS system and provides new insight into the tungsten species induced Fenton-like reaction.
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PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY
·
2020
·
IF 1.508
Jie Wang,Tengfei Zheng,Yong Gao,Dengwang Wang,Wei Cui,Jiakun Fan,Zhiming You,Jing Zhang,Xin Du,Zhaopeng Qiao,Xudong Wang,Sheng Wang,Zhanglian Xu,Chaohui Wang
Due to the inevitable harmful effects of radiation when conducting reactor repair, the robots made of rigid materials have been developed to replace human engineers. Anti-irradiation reinforcement of electronic components is a key issue for robots operating in a radioactive environment. A pneumatic-actuator soft robot was initially proposed for use in this study, due to the advantages of using fewer electronic components that require shielding from gamma rays . This paper presents a novel gamma ray radiation-resistant deformable material for the manufacture of soft robots. Here, the robot partially made of the silicone/W-based composites has the advantages of flexibility and gamma ray shielding property, which provide a novel solution for the collection of the radioactive objects and the detection of the radioactive environmental parameters, such as the temperature. The gamma ray attenuation and tensile elongation properties of the silicone/W and silicone/W/Bi 2 O 3 composites were evaluated, and the surface morphology and lattice structures of the samples with the best radiation attenuation were investigated and analysed. The gamma ray shielding was experimentally assessed by using a 60 Co radioisotope. The test results demonstrated that the gamma transmittance of the silicone/W-based composite reached 0.64452, which was a decrease of approximately 30.0% when compared to pure silicone.
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2021
·
IF 10.588
Xin Zhou,Haopeng Luo,Bo Sheng,Xingyu Chen,Yihao Wang,Quanyuan Chen,Juan Zhou
The limited production of Cu + in the Cu 2+ /PMS processes constrained its large-scan application for the elimination of organic pollutants . In this study, molybdenum powder (Mo) was applied as the co-catalyst to improve the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in Cu 2+ /PMS system at pH 5.6. By the assistance of Mo, Cu 2+ was rapidly reduced to Cu + which exhibited super activity for the peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. Compared with Cu 2+ /PMS processes, the PMS decomposition rate and 2,4-DCP degradation efficiency respectively increased by 62.1% and 83.6% in the Mo co-catalytic Cu 2+ /PMS system after reaction for 20 min. The degradation of 2,4-DCP was completed via both the free radical and non-radical pathways and the free radicals rather than Cu 3+ contributed most to the reaction. In contrast to fresh Mo, the ratio of Mo 4+ increased and Mo 6+ decreased in the used Mo powder, due to the oxidation of Mo 0 by Cu 2+ and/or ∙OH and the reduction of Mo 6+ by O 2 ∙ − . Additionally, the coexistence of Cl - and humic acid with low concentrations showed little effects on the Mo/Cu 2+ /PMS system while HCO 3 − presented an obvious depression for 2,4-DCP degradation. During five cycling runs, all the degradation rates were higher than 92.8%, indicating the good stability of Mo/Cu 2+ /PMS system.
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
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2020
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IF 8.758
Tiantian Dai,Gang Meng,Zanhong Deng,Ying Chen,Hongyu Liu,Liang Li,Shimao Wang,Junqing Chang,Pengcheng Xu,Xinxin Li,Xiaodong Fang
As one of the bottleneck parameters for practical applications of metal oxide semiconductor-based gas sensors, sensitivity enhancement has attracted significant attention in the past few decades. In this work, alternative to conventional strategies for designing sensitive surfaces via morphology/defect/heterojunction control (then operating at an optimized isothermal temperature with a maximal response), a facile enhancement approach by decoupling surface charge exchange and resistance reading process (possessing different temperature-dependent behaviors) through pulsed temperature modulation (PTM) is reported. Substantially magnifying electrical responses of a generic metal oxide (e.g., WO3) micro-electromechanical systems sensor toward diverse analyte molecules are demonstrated. Under the optimal PTM condition, the response toward 10 ppm NO2 can be boosted from (isothermal) 99.7 to 842.7, and the response toward 100 ppm acetone is increased from (isothermal) 2.7 to 425, which are comparable to or even better than most of the state-of-the-art WO3-based sensors. In comparison to conventional (isothermal) operation, PTM allows to sequentially manipulate the physisorption/chemisorption of analyte molecules, generation of surface reactive oxygen species, and sensor resistance reading and thus provides additional opportunities in boosting the electrical response of oxide sensors for advanced health and/or environment monitoring in future.
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ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
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2020
·
IF 8.208
Yanwei Hu,Lei Shi,Zhenduo Zhang,Yurong He,Jiaqi Zhu
The addition of external force provides an alternative way to promote the application of phase change materials in thermal-energy storage, space heating, and cooling systems. However, the experimental investigation using external magnetic force to regulate the phase change process is still limited. Here, magnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles were added to paraffin wax to form phase change nanocomposites with enhanced thermal properties and controllable magnetism. The thermal properties of nanocomposites were measured and the phase change processes under magnetic controlling were experimentally and numerically investigated. A two-dimensional enthalpy-based lattice Boltzmann model with considering the external magnetic force was proposed and the measured thermal properties were used in the simulation. Good agreement between the experiment and simulation was achieved. The effects of different mass fractions of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 wt%), magnetic directions, magnetic field intensities (0, 20, 40, 60 mT) on the phase change characteristics are discussed. The heat transfer efficiency in a square cavity filled with the nanocomposites developed more quickly when the paraffin wax was doped with a higher Fe 3 O 4 mass fraction. Moreover, the phase change characteristics were controlled by the intensity and direction of the magnetic field. This study presents a method to achieve magnetically regulating phase change heat transfer characteristics that have potential applications in the energy-storage industry.
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CHEMOSPHERE
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2020
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IF 5.778
Haopeng Luo,Xin Zhou,Xiaojie Guo,Zhiyong Fang,Quanyuan Chen,Juan Zhou
The greatest constraint in the advanced oxidation processes involved Fe(II)/PMS was the low utilization of Fe(II) and PMS. In the present study, the co-catalytic effect of WS 2 on the Fe(II)/PMS system for the degradation of organics was investigated. In the presence of WS 2 , Fe(III) was reduced to Fe(II) during the reaction and resulted in improved decomposition of PMS as well as the degradation of 4-chloriphenol (4-CP). The decomposition rate of PMS and degradation efficiency of 4-CP were 10% and 25% in the Fe(II)/PMS process, while the efficiencies respectively increased to 99% and 100% in the WS 2 assisted Fe(II)/PMS system. The degradation of 4-CP was completed via the free radical pathway and SO 4 • - played a more important role than other active species. Low concentration of inorganic ions such as Cl − and HCO 3 − exhibited irrelevant effect while humic acid showed significant suppression on the WS 2 /Fe(II)/PMS system. Additionally, characterization and recycle results implied that WS 2 maintained a good stability during the co-catalytic processes.
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2019
·
IF 7.65
Bo Sheng,Xin Zhou,Zhun Shi,Zhaohui Wang,Yaoguang Guo,Xiaoyi Lou,Jianshe Liu
The interaction of reductive metal ions and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) is necessary for the generation of sulfate radials (SO 4 − ), however, this process is greatly restrained by the sluggish reduction of high-valent metal ions. Here we report that commercially available reductive metal (Mo or W) powders are capable of unlocking this kinetic constraint. The reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II), decomposition of PMS, and degradation/mineralization of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) are all accelerated in the Mo/Fe 2+ /PMS process at a very low Fe 2+ /PMS ratio (Fe 2+ /PMS = 1/10). In such an accelerated system, common adverse effects of natural water constituents such as chloride and humic acid are largely mitigated. According to the fluorescence measurement and scavenging tests, sulfate and hydroxyl radicals dominate in Mo/Fe 2+ /PMS process. The addition of Mo or W is further confirmed to favor Cu 2+ /PMS process, but this is not the case for other metal ions (Mn 2+ , Ni 2+ , Ce 3+ and Co 2+ ). Reductive zero-valence and four-valence active sites (Mo 0 and Mo 4+ ; W 0 and W 4+ ) play key roles in overall redox reaction. Overall, our present work provides an alternative route for expediting redox cycling of transition metals in advanced oxidation processes, without useless consumption of PMS and increase of total organic carbon.
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JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
·
2023
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IF 9.5
Yu Chen,Ning Tang,Weiyan Zhu,Sai Liu,Yong Zhang
Water pollution caused by industrial and natural contaminants has placed a significant burden on environment and human health. The present filtration membranes, however, suffer from a series of issues involving low permeation fluxes and easy fouling issue during long-term water remediation, which seriously restricts their practical applications. Herein, inspired by royal water lily leaf, we construct biomimetic nanonet membranes (BNMs) composed of fractal network and mastoid structures by one-step phase inversion of PVDF/TiO 2 solution using electrospun fibrous membrane as substrates. Benefit from the distinct structures, the BNMs show sub-micro pores, high porosity, and intriguing hydrophilicity, which result in excellent removal performance for 0.3 μm solid particle (efficiency of 99.88%, permeation flux of 3439 L m −2 h −1 ), E. coli (log reduction value = 8.39, permeation flux of 1242 L m −2 h −1 ), and oil-in-water emulsions (efficiency of 99.0%, permeation flux of 8312 L m −2 h −1 ). Importantly, the presence of TiO 2 nanoparticles with UV-driven catalytic activity effectively endows the BNMs with desirable biocidal efficiency (LRV = 8.5) and excellent self-cleaning properties (flux recovery ratio of 98.1%). The synthesis of such membranes may open new avenues in the design of high-performance filtration membranes for remediation of large volumes of wastewater.
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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2023
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IF 6.2
Lihua Guo,Guoqiang Wang,Feng Zhang,Linyuan Lu,Bin Luo,Hongtao Huang,Jun Lin
The fissile fuel loss in tungsten (W) based ceramic-metal (Cermet) element used in nuclear thermal propulsion is of great importance. In this study, the W-Y 2 O 3 composite matrix was manufactured tentatively by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) to relieve the fuel loss. Performance evaluation of hydrogen (H 2 ) permeation and diffusion behaviors in the matrix was carried out by a gas permeation device. The results indicate that the diffusion coefficient of H 2 in the pure W matrix is nearly 10 times larger than that in the W-Y 2 O 3 matrix at a test temperature of 823 K. Based on the results, a careful investigation of the fuel loss mechanism of the Y 2 O 3 dispersed W matrix was performed. SEM and TEM showed that the fine Y 2 O 3 particles are distributed along grain boundaries of the W ternary-phase and present a distinct transition region of about 10 nm between the Y 2 O 3 and W phases. In particular, the crystallographic orientation relationship suggests that a semi-coherent structure is formed at the W/Y 2 O 3 phase interface : (0 1 −1) W || (1 0 −1) Y 2 O 3 and [0 1 1] W || [1 1 1] Y 2 O 3 . This semi-coherent structure is favorable for binding the two phases together tightly, thus hindering the inward diffusion of H 2 greatly. Moreover, the improved density and refined size of the W grains are achieved. Therefore, there is no doubt that the dispersion of Y 2 O 3 is beneficial for lowering the H 2 diffusion rate in the W matrix and thus reducing the fuel loss effectively. This work furthers our understanding of the key role of Y 2 O 3 in the W matrix used in nuclear thermal propulsion.
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POLYMER COMPOSITES
·
2023
·Vol. 45
·期 4
·3343-3354
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IF 5.2
Hongyu Liu,Xiaobing Fan,Bingli Pan,Yuxuan Zhou,Longlong Zhang,Menghan Li,Ziying Li,Xinchang Pang
Epoxy composites with simultaneously enhanced tribological and mechanical properties filled with basalt belt/reduced graphene oxide/paraffin wax (EP/BF/RGO/PW) have been successfully prepared. Experimental results indicated that the mechanical property of the composites was reinforced by basalt belt, and the tribological property was greatly improved by reduced graphene oxide/paraffin wax at the same time. Thanks to the synergy of PW and RGO sheets, the optimized coefficient of friction and wear rate of the composite declined by 77.5% and 14.4% than pure EP under dry friction conditions of 60 N and 0.42 m s −1 . In comparison to pure EP, the tensile strength and modulus of the optimized composite increased by 75.5% and 100% on account of the robust basalt fibers. Thus, the combination of basalt fiber and reduced graphene oxide/paraffin wax can readily realize the introduction of enhancer and oil-impregnation in EP, offering a promising approach for simultaneously improving the mechanical and tribological properties of epoxy. Highlights A novel BF/RGO/PW 3D skeleton was developed via a facile hydrothermal method. The BF/RGO/PW can enhance the mechanical and tribological properties of EP. The basalt fibers account for the improvement in mechanical property. A reduction of 77.5% in COF and a decrease of 14.4% in wear rate were realized.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
·
2023
·
IF 3.6
Chuanbin Wang,Yongxin Cheng,Sumeng Hu,Kejia Kang,Yuzhe Han,Xudan Zhang,Xiangping Dai,Guoqiang Luo
Tungsten (W)-based composites with 1 wt% SiC were consolidated via field assisted sintering (FAST). FAST was conducted at temperatures ranging from 1000 °C to 1700 °C with holding times of 1–10 min under a pressure of 50 MPa. The densification and grain growth mechanisms were investigated using a creep deformation model and the grain growth power law. Various densification and grain growth mechanisms corresponded to different effective stress exponents ( n ) and grain growth exponents ( p ). n is the stress exponent associated with the densification mechanism, and p is the grain growth exponent related to the grain growth mechanism. The densification process mainly occurred at 1000 °C–1400 °C, whereas grain growth mainly occurred at 1500 °C–1700 °C. The W-Si-C composites were densified primarily through particle rearrangement (when n is ∼1), intergranular diffusion (when n is ∼2), and the dislocation-climb mechanism (when n is 3.62). The activation energies were estimated to be 153.80 and 541.17 kJ/mol at the effective stress exponents ( n ) of 1 and 2, respectively. Furthermore, intergranular diffusion is speculated to cause grain growth. The sintering temperature considerably affected the microstructure of W-Si-C composites. The silicide formed at sintering temperatures of <1100 °C was WSi 2 , and it transformed into W 5 Si 3 with increasing sintering temperature.
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