TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA
·
2025
·
IF 4.7
Jia ZHAO,Zhao-ting LIU,Gui-min LU
A comprehensive electrochemical assessment of Fe 2+ behavior in a MgCl 2 −NaCl−KCl melt was reported, involving cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), and chronoamperometry (CA) analyses. Reduction of Fe 2+ in MgCl 2 −NaCl−KCl was observed to occur in a single step involving two electrons, exhibiting quasi-reversible behavior. The diffusion coefficient of Fe 2+ (5.75×10 −5 cm 2 /s) in this system was experimentally determined at 973 K, with an associated diffusion activation energy of 25.06 kJ/mol in the range of 973−1048 K, and an estimated standard rate constant for Fe 2+ /Fe of around 1×10 −3 cm/s. The nucleation of Fe on the tungsten electrode in the MgCl 2 −NaCl−KCl molten salt is insensitive to temperature and overpotential. It is found that the nucleation mode is related to the concentration of Fe 2+ surrounding the electrode and evolves from an instantaneous to a progressive process, accompanied by a deterioration of magnesium electrolysis due to Fe impurities.
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高影响因子
Nature Protocols
·
2024
·
IF 13.1
Ma Xiaoxie,Zeng Xiaoyan,Huang Yurou,Liu Sheng Hua,Yin Jun,Yang Guang-Fu
Salt stress is an adverse environmental condition that harms plant growth and development. The development of salt stress probes is critical for tracking the growth dynamics of plants, molecular breeding or screening of growth regulators. The sodium chloride (NaCl)-responsive fluorescent probe Aza-CyBz is designed based on the tenet that NaCl induces formation of ordered aggregates, and the sensitive fluorescence response can enable the visualization of plant salt stress in root tip tissues and live plants. Herein, we describe a detailed three-step route for synthesis of Aza-CyBz and applications to monitoring salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana . The procedures for operating fluorescence imaging under various stresses are also listed to eliminate interference from the oxidative mechanism of salt stress. Compared with conventional invasive approaches such as inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry and flame photometer, our protocol can real-time monitor salt stress experienced by plants, which demands simple pretreatment procedure and staining technique. Due to near infrared fluorescence, this method provides direct visual observation of salt stress at both tissue and live plant levels, which is superior to conventional noninvasive approaches. The preparation of probe Aza-CyBz takes ~2 d, and the imaging experiments for assessing salt stress experienced by plants, including the preparation of stressed plant samples takes ~9–11 d for root tip tissues and ~23 d for live plants. Notably, acquisition and analysis visual images of salt stress in plants can be completed within 2 h and they require only a basic knowledge of spectroscopy and chemistry.
研究领域:
植物学
·
分子生物学
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PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
·
2023
·Vol. 170
·期 7
·072509
·
IF 3.9
Jia-Zhuang Chen,Yu-Ke Zhong,Ya-Lan Liu,Mei Li,Wei Han,Wei-Qun Shi
The physicochemical properties of Eu cations in AlCl3-NaCl melts have been studied for the purpose of spent nuclear fuel recycling via electrochemical and spectroscopic methods. Eu metal dissolves in the AlCl3-NaCl melts to generate divalent europium and Al metal while releasing chlorine gas. The effect of Lewis acidity of melt on the electrochemical behaviors of Eu(II) has been studied. In Lewis base melt of AlCl3-NaCl, Eu(III), and Al(III) can be co-reduced at the potential between Al deposition and Eu(II) oxidation. With the enhanced Lewis acidity of the molten salt, Eu(II) diffusion becomes more facile. The in situ absorption spectra of Eu(II) in AlCl3-NaCl melts reveal that the complexation ligand of Eu(II) changes with the melt Lewis acidity, thereby affecting the electrochemical behaviors of Eu(II) species. In addition, the redox potential of the Eu(II)/Eu(III) conversion reaction is more positive than that of Sm(II)/Sm(III).
研究领域:
材料科学
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核能工程
·
物理化学
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高影响因子
Desalination and Water Treatment
·
2024
·
IF 1
Yanyan Zhao,Shuhao Wang,Zhuan Yi,Yong Zhou,Congjie Gao
A novel β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)/polyamide film reverse osmosis (RO) membrane was prepared by in situ interfacial polymerization via mixing β-CD with m-phenylenediamine in the aqueous phase prior to reaction with trimesoyl chloride. The effects of the β-CD concentration on the morphology and separation performance of the RO membrane were studied. β-CD was employed to improve the pure water flux of the membrane. When the concentration of β-CD in aqueous solution was 1.5% (w/v), both the rejection of NaCl and the pure water flux were maintained at a high level. In this case, water flux of the β-CD-modified RO membrane was nearly1.52 times that of the β-CD-free polyamide membrane. This increase might have been caused by the high concentration of β-CD hydrophilic hydroxyl groups, which appeared to directly improve the performance of the composite film. In addition, the unique properties of the resulting membrane, including the loosely cross-linked structure formed by β-CD and the polyamide film, the intramolecular cavity existed in β-CD and the affinity of β-CD to water molecules, was ascribed as the reasons for the improved performance of higher permeability.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境工程
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
·
2021
·
IF 2.694
Xiaoyu Wang,Jiale Wang,Lijun Ji,Bin Wu,Kui Chen,Yanyang Wu
Wastewater containing DMF (N,N-dimethylformamide) and salt is generated in production of many chemicals and medicines. The composition of phase equilibrium should be known primarily for the recovery of DMF from salt-containing wastewater by solvent extraction. In this study, liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) and solubility data of water + DMF + chloroform in the presence of NaCl with various concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, and 13.3 wt % and Na2SO4 with concentrations of 1.5 and 2.5 wt % were determined at T = 298.2 K and atmospheric pressure. Besides, the salt effect on the LLE data was investigated. Compared with the salt-free system, the salt led to an enhancement in the maximum DMF distribution coefficient by 13.4–102.6% for 2.5–13.3 wt % NaCl and 16.2–31.7% for 1.5–2.5 wt % Na2SO4, respectively. Since the distribution coefficient of water increased concurrently, the separation factor barely changed and the two-phase region expanded outward slightly. At the same salt mass fraction, the order of salting-out effect strength on extraction was Na2SO4 > NaCl, which was in good agreement with the Hofmeister series. The reliability of the experimental values was verified through the Eisen–Joffe equation. The NRTL thermodynamic model was applied to correlate the experimental data with a root-mean-square deviation less than 0.0062. The coherent consistency of the model parameters for the salt-free system was checked by topological analysis based on the Gibbs tangent plane test.
研究领域:
化学工程
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环境科学
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高影响因子
TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA
·
2025
·Vol. 35
·期 11
·3919-3932
·
IF 4.7
Jia ZHAO,Zhi-tao SONG,Gui-min LU
The alloying process of Mg-La in NaCl-KCl-MgCl 2 -LaCl 3 (NKML) melts during electroreduction was elucidated using electrochemical techniques and deep potential molecular dynamics (DPMD) simulations. In the NKML system, the Mg 2+ /La 3+ electrodeposition on the tungsten (W) electrode at 973 K was found to be a one-step process. The nucleation of metal ions on the electrode surface followed an instantaneous nucleation mode and was not influenced by the alloying process. The redox potential and underpotential deposition behavior of the metal ions in the NKML system were accurately predicted by the DPMD simulations, confirming the alloying process of the Mg-La. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis results confirmed that the cathodic deposits consisted of a bright phase and a dark phase, corresponding to the Mg-La alloys and Mg, respectively. The distribution of electrolytic products suggests that the cathodic deposit initially favors the Mg phase, with the Mg-La alloy forming more easily when the Mg source in the melt is depleted.
研究领域:
电化学
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材料科学
·
熔盐化学
·
计算材料学
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IONICS
·
2022
·Vol. 28
·期 11
·5243-5250
·
IF 2.961
Liu Min,Zhang Qiang,Gao Jianxin,Liu Qianfeng,Wang Erdong,Wang Zhenbo
Mg-air battery is a promising electrochemical system for high-energy–density, long storage application. However, its commercialization is hindered by the low anode utilization rate mainly caused by the serious hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in traditional NaCl aqueous electrolyte. Herein, we report NaBF 4 -dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/NaCl-H 2 O biphasic electrolytes to alleviate the anode HER corrosion by allowing anodic reaction to take place in organic solution DMSO while ensuring high cathode activity with applying cathode reaction to occur in NaCl-H 2 O solution. The discharge results show that its utilization rate of AZ61 alloy in NaBF 4 -DMSO/NaCl-H 2 O biphasic electrolytes is increased to 67% at 1 mA cm −2 which is 17% higher than in NaCl-H 2 O single electrolyte, and the anode energy density is up to 2020 Wh kg −1 . In addition, even at 15 mA cm −2 , its discharge voltage is still up to 1.02 V which is higher than that in similar literatures using organic electrolytes for Mg anode.
研究领域:
电化学
·
材料科学
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高影响因子
PHYSICS OF THE SOLID STATE
·
2026
·Vol. 68
·期 10
·880-885
·
IF 2.4
Li Chen,Zhang Huan,Zhen Zihan,Shi Chenglong
Carbon nanomaterials, owing to their unique properties, demonstrate indispensable application value in fields such as environmental science, biomedicine, and sensing technology. However, existing methods still face challenges in achieving precise and controllable preparation of morphology and structure, particularly exhibiting significant limitations in terms of green synthesis and mild conditions. This study proposes a novel and environmentally friendly strategy for the preparation of carbon nanomaterials: the confined in situ carbonization method. This method enables the in situ transformation and structurally directed growth of carbon sources within a confined environment, offering a new approach for morphology control of carbon materials. To comprehensively characterize the structure and properties of the as-prepared materials, various analytical techniques were employed for systematic investigation. Specifically, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the microscopic morphology and size distribution; X-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to analyze the crystal structure; Raman spectroscopy was applied to assess the degree of graphitization and defect states of the carbon materials; Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was utilized to detect surface functional groups; and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was combined to determine the elemental distribution.Using this method, carbon nanospheres with a diameter of approximately 10 nm were successfully prepared, and their structural properties were systematically analyzed.
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MATERIALS RESEARCH BULLETIN
·
2021
·
IF 4.641
Xuyang Bai,Dongxin Wang,Junyi Li,Shaolong Li,Yusi Che,Jilin He,Jianxun Song
This paper systematically studied the electrochemical behaviors of tantalum ions in NaCl-KCl molten salt, and pure metallic tantalum was collected on the cathode. Through a series of electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, and chronopotentiometry, the reduction and diffusion processes of tantalum ions in NaCl-KCl molten salt were determined. The diffusion coefficient and nucleation mode of tantalum ions were investigated, and the electrodeposition was carried out at a certain potential. The results showed that the electrode reduction process of tantalum ion in NaCl-KCl molten salt at 1023 K is a two-step reaction Ta(V)→Ta(II)→Ta, and the reaction Ta(V)→Ta(II) was reversible and controlled by diffusion. The nucleation mode of tantalum ion was determined to be instantaneous nucleation by chronoamperometry. The cathode deposition product was analyzed by SEM, EDS and XRD, and it was confirmed that the deposition product was granular and the main component was tantalum.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
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高影响因子
Materials
·
2022
·Vol. 15
·期 18
·6411
·
IF 3.748
Zhangyang Kang,Maogang He,Guangxuan Lu
In this study, the phase diagram of the NaCl+RbCl binary system was measured using differential scanning calorimetry, and the measured molar percentages of the binary mixture RbCl ranged from 12 to 97 mol%, updating and extending the experimental data for this binary system. The liquid phase of this system was thermodynamically modeled using a modified quasichemical model, and a computer optimization program for evaluation of the experimental data on phase equilibria and other thermodynamic data was developed based on this model. All thermodynamic models of the NaCl+RbCl binary system were constructed; calculations of the phase diagram, enthalpy of mixing, and activity coefficient of NaCl of the NaCl+RbCl binary system were completed using the obtained model parameters; and the calculated eutectic point positions werexRbCl= 0.567 and 550.2 °C. The calculated results were able to reproduce the various types of experimental data well, and the thermodynamic self-consistency between different types of experimental data was demonstrated.Keywords:differential scanning calorimetry;modified quasichemical model;phase diagram;thermodynamics;phase equilibria;activity coefficient
研究领域:
材料科学
·
物理化学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2022
·
IF 4.326
Qian Xu,Hongyun Wang,Meng Zhang,Jie Wang,Xiaowei An,Xiaogang Hao,Xiao Du,Zhonglin Zhang,Yongguo Li
Pervaporation technology using PEBA-2533 membranes was investigated to separate a low concentration of pyridine from the ternary mixture of pyridine, water, and NaCl. The experimental results showed that the studied membrane could achieve the enrichment of pyridine and the rejection of NaCl simultaneously. The permeation of pyridine was driven by the temperature and pyridine concentration in the feed solution. The experimental results for the effect of NaCl content on the fluxes correlated with the simulation values of water and pyridine activities. The pyridine activity values increased and water activity decreased on adding NaCl to the feed solution. What is more, it was confirmed that the accumulation of NaCl in the membrane increased with the NaCl concentration, which could influence the flux. According to the results of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the introduction of NaCl reduced the number of hydrogen bonds between pyridine and water, which was beneficial to the separation. The long-term operation tests for the pervaporation process showed that the poly(ether-block-amide) (PEBA) membrane had excellent stability, which proved the feasibility of pervaporation as an industrial process.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
环境科学
·
材料科学
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高影响因子
Pathogens
·
2022
·Vol. 11
·期 2
·262
·
IF 4.531
Xiang Guo,Siyun Zhou,Jing Wu,Xiaoqing Zhang,Yuji Wang,Zixuan Li,Xiao-Guang Chen,Xiaohong Zhou
Dengue virus, one of the most important mosquito-borne viruses, has shown a sharp upward trend, spreading around the world in recent years. Control of vectorsAedes aegyptiandAe. albopictusremains crucial for blocking dengue transmission. The lethal ovitrap (LO) is one of the cost-effective traps based on the classic “lure and kill” strategy, and finding a proper long-lasting effective toxin is key to achieving the desired effect. The concentration of inorganic salts of habitat environment plays a strong role in affecting oviposition, hatching, and development of mosquitoes, but the potential insecticide activity of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) in habitat water as well as LO still lacks research. In this study, we carried out laboratory experiments to systematically explore the effects of different concentrations of NaCl solutions on oviposition, egg hatching, and larval development ofAe. albopictus. Consequently,Ae. albopictuswas found to prefer freshwater to lay eggs; whereas 48.8 ± 2.6% eggs were laid in freshwater and 20% in ≥1.0% brackish water, few eggs were laid in 3.0% NaCl solution. Compared with egg hatching, larval development ofAe. albopictuspresented a higher sensibility to NaCl concentration. The mortality of the 3rd–4th larvae in 1.0% NaCl solution was 83.8 ± 8.7%, while in 3.0% it reached 100%. Considering the cumulative effect of NaCl, when NaCl concentration was ≥1.0%, no eggs could successfully develop into adults. These data suggested that NaCl solutions with a concentration ≥1.0% can be used as an effective cheap insecticide forAe. albopictusin subtropical inland aquatic habitats, and also as the “kill” toxin in LOs. Meanwhile, the concentration range from 0 to 2.0% of NaCl solution has the potential to be used as the “lure” in LOs. The technological processes of how to use NaCl as insecticide or in LOs still needs further in-depth exploration.Keywords:Aedes albopictus;habitat;Sodium Chloride (NaCl);dengue;50% lethal concentration
研究领域:
医学昆虫学
·
公共卫生
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
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