JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2025
·
IF 11.3
Cheng Liao,Dachao Ma,Qisong Zhong,Wenfeng Ya,Mengyue Chen,Dongbo Wang,Zheng Liu,Qingge Feng
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a promising approach for dechlorination of PVC plastic wastes. However, the high dechlorination temperature is one of the key obstacles to the application of it. This work introduced Zn 2 + and urea into the hydrothermal process to lower the dechlorination temperature of PVC plastic and investigated the photocatalytic performance of the derived zinc-loaded solid products. It was revealed that Zn 2+ and urea acted synergistic effects to open up the porous structures and prevent PVC particle agglomeration, so as to facilitate the penetration of hydroxyl and Zn 2+ in to the particles, catalyzing the elimination and substitution of PVC. Particularly, it achieved a remarkable dechlorination efficiency of 99.96 % by HTC at 200 °C in 120 min. By modulating the hydrothermal parameters, the Zn 5 (OH) 6 (CO 3 ) 2 was simultaneously loaded onto the PVC-derived porous hydrochar. After that, the zinc-loaded hydrochar was pyrolyzed into a porous ZnO-C composite material. Serving as a carbon dopant source, the PVC-derived hydrochar reduced the band gap of ZnO, broadening its light absorption range. Benefiting from this bandgap narrowing and extended light absorption, the ZnO-C composite achieved 92.22 % degradation efficiency for TMX in aqueous solution under simulated natural light and maintained high activity over 5 cycles (retaining ∼70.17 % efficiency). This work pioneered a pathway for low-temperature hydrothermal dechlorination of PVC and demonstrated the potential practical application of the derived ZnO-C composites in photocatalysis.
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高影响因子
Catalysts
·
2025
·Vol. 15
·期 7
·660
·
IF 4
Jiayou Sun,Tianyang Ding,Xue Zhao,Guorong Xu,Chang Wen,Jie Yu
This study aims to investigate the influence of various metal compounds (ZnO, ZnCl2, Zn(OH)2, MgO, MgCl2, and Mg(OH)2) on the structural and electrochemical properties of chars derived from the pyrolysis of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Raw PVC samples mixed with different metal compounds were firstly pyrolyzed at 500 °C in a fixed-bed reactor. The produced chars were further pyrolyzed at 800 °C. The objective was to evaluate the impact of these metal compounds on the char structure through comparative analysis. The pyrolytic chars were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. Zinc-based additives notably increased carbon yield to 32–34 wt.%, attributed to ZnCl2-induced cross-linking. Specifically, ZnO facilitated porous architectures and aromatic structures with six or more rings. Mg-based compounds induce the formation of a highly stacked carbon structure primarily composed of crosslinked cyclic alkenes, rather than large polyaromatic domains. Upon further thermal treatment, these aliphatic-rich stacked structures can be progressively transformed into aromatic frameworks through dehydrogenation reactions at elevated temperatures. A high-surface-area porous carbon material (PVC/ZnO-800, SSA = 609.382 m2g−1) was synthesized, demonstrating a specific capacitance of 306 F g−1at 1 A g−1current density.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
·
电化学
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2019
·Vol. 137
·期 24
·48803
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IF 2.188
Yang Xu,Ying Xiong,Shaoyun Guo
In this work, poly( ε -caprolactone) (PCL) and liquid plasticizer were combined used to plasticize poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), and the possibility of using PVC/PCL/plasticizer blends to fabricate soft PVC with enhanced migration resistance was investigated. Through partial replacement of liquid plasticizers in soft PVC by equal quantity of PCL, flexibility was maintained while extraction loss of plasticizer by organic solvent was reduced significantly. Furthermore, crystallization of PCL in PVC/PCL/plasticizer blends with low PCL content was observed, and crystallization rate of PCL was found to be influenced by plasticizer contents and structures. For instance, crystallization rate of PCL in PVC/PCL/diisononyl phthalate (DINP) (100/40/100) was 3.7 times faster than in PVC/PCL/DINP (100/40/80), while crystallization rate of PCL in PVC/PCL/dioctyl adipate(DOA)(100/40/100) was 8.3 times faster than in PVC/PCL/diisononyl cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH) (100/40/100). Low-field 1 H NMR test manifested that different crystallization rate of PCL in PVC/PCL/plasticizer blends with different plasticizer structures was triggered by difference in plasticizers' compatibility with PVC, that is, the number of interaction point between PVC and plasticizers. It is concluded that PCL crystallization favored by liquid plasticizers in PVC/PCL/plasticizer blends was induced by interaction competition between PVC/plasticizer and PVC/PCL. As plasticizer content increases or its compatibility with PVC decreases, interaction competition becomes more intense and consequently faster crystallization of PCL occurs. Thus, to obtain soft PVC products with improve migration resistance while avoiding PCL crystallization, the total content of plasticizer (including both liquid plasticizer and PCL) should be lower than 66 phr (40 wt %). © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137 , 48803.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2020
·
IF 10.652
Jianchao Wang,Dongbei Yue,Hui Wang
Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) poses great challenges to the recycling of plastic wastes since it highly deteriorates the properties of other plastics and induces the formation of hazardous chlorinated dioxins and furans. For the first time, we developed a novel hydrophilization method of polymers, the in situ magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles (NPs) coating, to facilitate the flotation separation of PVC from microplastic mixtures. A homogeneous Fe 3 O 4 NPs layer was selectively fabricated on the surface of non-PVC microplastics via a facile in situ coprecipitation method. This obviously decreased the contact angle of non-PVC microplastics by approximately 30° due to the plenty of hydroxyl groups on the surface of Fe 3 O 4 NPs. However, the fabrication was not observed on the surface of PVC due to the weak interaction between Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ and the surface of PVC. In this regard, the application of in situ Fe 3 O 4 NPs coating in the flotation separation of PVC was systematically optimized using Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology. Quadratic models were generated to predict the floatability of microplastics, ascertain the effect of independent and interacted parameters, and numerically optimize the separation efficiency. Under optimum conditions, the Removal r a t e , Purity , and Recovery of PVC were 100.0%, 99.6%, and 100.0%, respectively. This study provides novel insights into the surface hydrophilization of polymers and shows promising prospects for facilitating the recycling of plastic wastes.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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化学工程
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MATERIALS LETTERS
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2018
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IF 2.687
Shujun Chen,Bin Xiang,Yang Zhou,Xuefeng Zou,Xiuzhou Lin
Most of the polymer coatings are directly exposed to sunlight, leading to serious degradation on their surfaces. Functional triazine ultraviolet absorber (FT-UVA) with surface enrichment property was synthesized. The surface enrichment property of FT-UVA in coating surfaces was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (ATR-IR). Contact angle measurements suggest that the enrichment of FT-UVAs on coating surface yielded a hydrophobic film. The effective protection of FT-UVA for PVC coating was investigated by artificial accelerated aging test. The calculation of dynamic process was conducted to gain insights into the surface enrichment mechanism of FT-UVA in coating.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
·
表面化学
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高影响因子
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
·
2023
·
IF 6
Rui Yuan,Li Gao,Jiyuan Liu,Chang Tu,Rui Tan,Shiai Xu
In this work, the citrate plasticizers with different alkyl chain lengths, tributyl citrate (TBC), trihexyl citrate (THC), trioctyl citrate (TOC) and tridecyl citrate (TDC) were synthesized by esterification reaction. The effects of hydrophobic alkyl chains on plasticization properties of citrate were studied by using a combination of characterization techniques and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Tensile tests showed that the elasticity of citrate/PVC was basically negatively correlated with the length of citrate hydrophobic alkyl chain, while its strength was positively correlated. The citrate plasticizer migration stability test indicated that in deionized water and 50 % (v/v) ethanol solution, the mobility of TBC was the highest and that of TOC was the lowest. The MD simulation results found that the interaction between PVC and citrate mainly included hydrogen bonding (OH-Cl), van der Waal force (COO-Cl), and the mutual winding between the alkyl chain of citrate and the PVC chain. Among them, TBC, THC and TOC can be spontaneously dispersed in PVC resins, but TDC cannot, because its long hydrophobic alkyl chains make TDC more inclined to self-polymerize and form large hydrophobic aggregation zones. However, in the suitable range (number of carbon atoms ≤ 8), longer alkyl chains can be effective in improving the stability of citrate in resins. Thus, for citrates, alkyl chains of 8 carbons perform better. Our research is helpful to understand the effect of molecular structure on the plasticizer of citrate and propose an optimized citrate structure with higher performance.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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高影响因子
Environmental Science-Nano
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2025
·
IF 5.1
A. Hefnawy,Mona A. Aziz Aljar,Hisham S. M. Abd-Rabboh,Ayman H. Kamel
A novel potentiometric sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) beads embedded in an asymmetric membrane configuration was developed for the trace monitoring of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a widely used brominated flame retardant and persistent environmental pollutant. The sensor was fabricated by incorporating TBBPA-imprinted beads into a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane plasticized with dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and drop-cast onto a reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-modified screen-printed electrode. The asymmetric design featured a surface-enriched ion-exchange layer, enabling enhanced accumulation of deprotonated TBBPA at the membrane interface. Under optimized conditions, the sensor exhibited a near-Nernstian slope of −56.6 ± 1.2 mV per decade over a linear range of 5.0 × 10−6 to 10−3 M and a detection limit of 5.5 × 10−7 M. The sensor demonstrated high selectivity toward TBBPA over structurally related phenols and common anions, with the enhanced discrimination attributed to the imprinting effect and nano-scale recognition features. Application to spiked environmental samples including wastewater, sediment, and plastic leachates yielded recoveries between 95.6% and 102.3%, with no significant deviation from high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results (p > 0.05). The proposed MIP-based asymmetric membrane sensor offers a portable, cost-effective, and highly selective platform for on-site environmental monitoring of TBBPA.
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POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2025
·
IF 7.4
Yulu Zhu,Yujia Ding,Jianing Yang,Daoguang Han,Zheng Zhou,Meng Ma,Si Chen,Yanqin Shi,Huiwen He,Wei Wang,Xu Wang
The escalating production of plastic waste underscores an urgent need for sustainable polymer recycling. Polyurethane (PU) foam, representing over 50% of PU output, is particularly challenging to recycle due to its crosslinked structure. While chemical degradation can recover polyols, the hard segment residues (PUSR) remain underutilized. This study presents an innovative strategy for upcycling waste PU foam into a value-added flame retardant. Through a tailored chemical alcoholysis and phosphorylation process, PUSR was converted into a novel "three-in-one" flame retardant (P 1 D 1 ), integrating carbon, acid, and gas sources. When incorporated into soft polyvinyl chloride (PVC), P 1 D 1 endowed the composite with a UL-94 V-0 rating and a limiting oxygen index of 24.2%, significantly enhancing its flame retardancy. Remarkably, this improvement was achieved without compromising mechanical properties, as evidenced by a 42% increase in elongation at break. This work not only establishes a promising path for PUSR valorization but also provides a sustainable solution for developing high-performance flame-retardant polymers.
研究领域:
高分子化学
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材料科学
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环境工程
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可持续发展
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阻燃材料
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塑料回收
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绿色化学
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高影响因子
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2024
·Vol. 35
·期 12
·e70011
·
IF 3.1
Jinsheng Duan,Chuxuan Deng,Zhaogang Liu,Yilin Li,Peijie Jia,Yanhong Hu,Xiaowei Zhang,Jinxiu Wu,Jianfei Li
This study systematically examines the effects of diphenylphosphinic acid (DPPA) and sarcosine (SAR) intercalation into magnesium aluminum lanthanum hydrotalcite (LDHs) on its structure and thermal stability. Using charge distribution, structural optimization, energy calculations, XRD, FTIR, TEM, and thermal stability tests, the study reveals that DPPA anions, with higher negative charge density, increase the interlayer spacing to 6.08 Å and exhibit a binding energy of −0.7624 eV. SAR anions, with a thinner interlayer spacing of 4.11 Å and a binding energy of −1.603 eV, create a more stable structure. SAR's higher dipole moment (2.827 a.u.) compared to DPPA (2.077 a.u.) enhances electrostatic interactions. Thermal stability tests show SAR-LDHs and DPPA-LDHs extend PVC's stability to 53.67 and 56.67 min, respectively. DPPA anions provide superior stability at high temperatures, while SAR anions excel in moderate temperatures. This study offers insights for designing thermally stable composite materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
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高影响因子
WATER AND ENVIRONMENT JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 1.9
Zahra Shamsi,Zahra Ghobadi Nejad,Saloumeh Ghasemian,Soheila Yaghmaei
The presence of plastics in the environment, particularly in micro and nano forms, poses significant environmental and health risks. This study investigated Fenton-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), including Fenton, electro-Fenton and Fered-Fenton, for removing two common microplastics: polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The experiments were conducted at room temperature and a pH of 3, under the conditions of 0.1 g of microplastics, 100 mL of water, 1.5 mL of H 2 O 2 and 1.5 mL of Fe 2+ (concentration: 0.2 M), with a constant voltage of 10 kV and a current of 5 mA, conducting four cycles lasting 5 h. The results indicate that the Fered-Fenton process demonstrated the highest removal rates, achieving 30.6% for PVC and 27.4% for LDPE compared to 22.78% and 19.9% for the Fenton process and 25.4% and 22.4% for the electro-Fenton process. These findings indicate higher removal percentages for PVC and LDPE compared to other studies.
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高影响因子
CHEMICAL PAPERS
·
2024
·
IF 2.1
Geng Zhibin,Pan Xili
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are used to prepare polymer composites with a high dielectric constant. However, a high leakage conductance is undesirable. Herein, amorphous carbon spheres were used to replace single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) to fabricate polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites. Two sets of composite films, marked with PVC/SWCNT and PVC/carbon sphere, were prepared. Dielectric, conductive and breakdown traits of composites were determined. PVC/carbon sphere composites display more advantageous properties than PVC/SWCNT composites. Unlike SWCNTs, carbon spheres exhibit a mild interface polarization with PVC and no percolation, resulting in balanced electric properties of composites including a rationally increased dielectric constant, greatly reduced dielectric loss and significantly improved breakdown strength. The optimal PVC composite with 12 wt% carbon spheres has a dielectric constant of ~ 186, dielectric loss of ~ 0.19 at 100 Hz, and breakdown strength of ~ 333 MV m −1 . This work boosts a large-scale fabrication of outstanding composites used in modern capacitors.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电气工程
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高影响因子
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 6.3
Rong-Chao Xue,Lian Li,Li-Ping Yu,Bin Wang
Developing polyvinyl chloride (PVC) materials with superior antibiofouling properties is essential for their application in biomedical fields. Although blending PVC with functional polymers has emerged as a promising strategy, current approaches often focus on single-function polymers or simple structures, neglecting the synergistic effects of multifunctional blocks and the influence of polymer topology. In this study, a novel Y-shaped triblock copolymer, Y-PCL-PF-PG, was designed and synthesized, comprising a fouling-release low-surface-energy polyhexafluorobutyl acrylate (PF) block, a fouling-resistant hydrophilic poly(methacrylate polyethylene glycol) (PG) block, and a PVC-compatible polycaprolactone (PCL) block. Linear counterparts, including L-PCL-PF-PG, PCL-PF, and PCL-PG, were also synthesized for comparison. These copolymers were blended with PVC to fabricate plastic films, which were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and mechanical testing. The results demonstrated that the films exhibited excellent thermal and mechanical properties. Antibiofouling performance was evaluated through protein adsorption, bacterial adhesion, and platelet adhesion tests. Films incorporating copolymers with both PF and PG blocks showed significantly enhanced antifouling performance compared to those with single-function blocks, highlighting the synergistic effect of the PF and PG components. Furthermore, the Y-shaped copolymer (Y-PCL-PF-PG) outperformed its linear counterpart (L-PCL-PF-PG), underscoring the critical role of copolymer topology in antibiofouling performance. This study provides valuable insights into the design of high-performance antibiofouling PVC materials and offers a theoretical foundation for their development in biomedical applications.
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