FUEL
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2026
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IF 7.8
Bohan Zhang,Chang Wen,Zhaoxi Ye,Haozhuo Huang,Qingsong Hua,Ke Liu,Tianyu Liu,Zijian Zhou,Zhengkai Tu
Developing highly efficient and durable bifunctional electrocatalysts for both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic environments is vital for advancing proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) technology. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a three-dimensional Pt-RuO 2 -based catalyst supported on reduced graphene oxide (rGO), denoted as 3D Pt-RuO 2 /rGO, which exhibits outstanding bifunctional electrocatalytic activity by tuning its electronic structure and the binding strength of reaction intermediates. The 3D porous architecture not only facilitates fast charge transfer and mass transport of the catalysts but also increases the exposure of active sites. Remarkably, 3D Pt-RuO 2 /rGO delivers low overpotentials of only 200 mV for OER and 14 mV for HER at 10 mA cm −2 in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 . It also enables overall water splitting (OWS) at a cell voltage as low as 1.48 V at 10 mA cm −2 , outperforming conventional noble metal-based materials (NMBs). Furthermore, a 3D Pt-RuO 2 /rGO||3D Pt-RuO 2 /rGO MEA delivered a low cell voltage of 1.549 V at 1 A cm −2 and maintained stable operation for 300 h in a PEM single-cell electrolyzer. Operando differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) shows that the OER of 3D Pt-RuO 2 /rGO under acidic conditions follows the adsorption evolution mechanism (AEM). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further reveal the synergistic interaction between oxygen vacancies and the metal/oxide heterointerface. This interface-vacancy synergy not only facilitates the exposure of abundant active sites, but also promotes electron transfer from Pt to RuO 2 , thereby optimizing the kinetics of water dissociation. This work provides valuable insight into the rational design of bifunctional electrocatalysts for high-efficiency acidic water electrolysis and highlights the potential of 3D heterostructured materials for future PEMWE systems.
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高影响因子
Advanced Energy Materials
·
2026
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IF 25.5
Li Gao,Xing Cheng,Haikui Yong,Yutong Zhang,Jindian Yu,Yueshuai Wang,Tianjiao Lou,Jinxu Song,Lirong Zheng,Hongyi Li
RuO 2 is a promising anode catalyst for PEMWE but suffers rapid degradation at ampere-level current densities. Previous studies have linked the instability of ruthenium-based catalysts to excessive Ru─O covalency, yet the mechanism governing this covalency remains unclear. Here, we introduce isovalent metals (M: Ti 4+ /Hf 4+ ) to modulate the Ru─O bond strength. Density functional theory calculations show that the strong inductive effect of Hf─O enables Hf 4+ to optimize the Ru(4d)–O(2p) orbital overlap, which in turn weakens the Ru─O covalency, thereby suppressing lattice oxygen activity. Experimental results demonstrate that Hf 4+ , which possesses stronger oxophilicity, exhibits superior performance in enhancing both the catalytic activity and durability of Ru 0.7 M 0.3 O 2 (M = Ti or Hf) for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction. In a practical PEMWE device, Ru 0.7 Hf 0.3 O 2 achieves 3 A cm −2 at 1.71 V, corresponding to a specific energy consumption of 44.58 kWh kg −1 H 2 , meeting the U.S. DOE 2026 target (specific energy consumption of 48 kWh kg −1 H 2 ). Moreover, the catalyst operates stably for over 250 h at 1 A cm −2 with a degradation rate more than 48 times lower than that of commercial RuO 2 . This work provides a new strategy for designing high-performance catalysts through the inductive effect.
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高影响因子
Nature Communications
·
2025
·Vol. 16
·期 1
·1-13
·
IF 15.7
Yuan Bichen,Dang Qian,Liu Hai,Sendeku Marshet Getaye,Peng Jian,Fan Yameng,Cai Liang,Cao Aiqing,Chen Shiyao,Li Hui,Kuang Yun,Wang Fengmei,Sun Xiaoming
Low-cost ruthenium-based catalysts with high activity have emerged as promising alternatives to iridium-based counterparts for acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE), but the poor stability under high current density remains as a key challenge. Here, we utilize the synergistic complementary strategy of introducing earth-abundant Mn and Nb dopants in ruthenium dioxide (RuO 2 ) for Nb 0.1 Mn 0.1 Ru 0.8 O 2 nanoparticle electrocatalyst that exhibits a low overpotential of 209 mV at 10 mA cm −2 and good stability of > 400 h at 0.2 A cm − 2 in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4. Significantly, a PEMWE device fabricated with Nb 0.1 Mn 0.1 Ru 0.8 O 2 anode can operate continuously at least for 1000 h at 0.5 A cm −2 with 59 μV h −1 decay rate. Operando Raman spectroscopy analysis, differential electrochemical mass spectroscopy measurements, X-ray absorption spectroscopy analysis and theoretical calculations indicate that OER reaction on Nb 0.1 Mn 0.1 Ru 0.8 O 2 primarily follows the adsorbate evolution mechanism with much favorable energy barrier accompanied by a locally passivated lattice oxygen mechanism (AEM-LPLOM) and the co-existed Nb and Mn in RuO 2 crystal lattice could not only stabilize the lattice oxygen, but also relieve the valence state fluctuation of Ru site to stabilize the catalyst during the reaction.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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催化科学
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PubMed
高影响因子
Nature Communications
·
2025
·Vol. 16
·期 1
·1-12
·
IF 15.7
Wu Han,Fu Zhanzhao,Chang Jiangwei,Hu Zhiang,Li Jian,Wang Siyang,Yu Jingkun,Yong Xue,Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N.,Tang Zhiyong,Chang Junbiao,Lu Siyu
Designing efficient acidic oxygen evolution catalysts for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers is challenging due to a trade-off between activity and stability. In this work, we construct high-density microcrystalline grain boundaries (GBs) with V-dopant in RuO 2 matrix (GB-V-RuO 2 ). Our theoretical and experimental results indicate this is a highly active and acid-resistant OER catalyst. Specifically, the GB-V-RuO 2 requires low overpotentials of 159, 222, and 300 mV to reach 10, 100, and 1500 mA cm -2 geo in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 , respectively. Operando EIS, ATR-SEIRAS FTIR and DEMS measurements reveal the importance of GBs in stabilizing lattice oxygen and thus inhibiting the lattice oxygen mediated OER pathway. As a result, the adsorbate evolution mechanism pathway becomes dominant, even at high current densities. Density functional theory analyses confirm that GBs can stabilize V dopant and that the synergy between them modulates the electronic structure of RuO 2 , thus optimizing the adsorption of OER intermediate species and enhancing electrocatalyst stability. Our work demonstrates a rational strategy for overcoming the traditional activity/stability dilemma, offering good prospects of developing high-performance acidic OER catalysts.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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催化科学
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PubMed
高影响因子
Matter
·
2025
·
IF 17.5
Tingting Zhai,Xutao Gao,Hao Wang,Yaojia Cheng,Jingchi Gao,Jie Pan,Edmund C.M. Tse,Congxiao Shang,Zhengxiao Guo
Activity and stability are often inversely entwined in catalysis, especially for the water oxidation reaction (WOR) to generate hydrogen under acidic media. Here, we show that an ionic-mismatch-induced semi-crystalline Y 0.3 Ru 0.7 O 2 gives rise to exceptionally active and stable WOR performance. The mismatched ionic radii and valences between Y 3+ and Ru 4+ leads to a strongly bonded hybrid nanostructure of ultra-fine crystalline and amorphous domains. The short-range ordered structure also leads to a reduced adjacent distance, which facilitates a more efficient and stable dual-site coupling mechanism with an extremely low overpotential of 170 mV at 10 mA cm −2 and prolonged stability over 300 h in an acidic electrolyte. A proton-exchange-membrane (PEM) water electrolyzer loaded with the catalyst shows an outstanding performance with only 1.64 V to reach 1 A cm −2 and stable operation at 0.5 A cm −2 over 300 h, demonstrating its outstanding potential for practical applications in PEM electrolysis.
研究领域:
材料科学
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催化化学
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能源科学
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高影响因子
Nano Energy
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2020
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IF 16.602
Yaguang Li,Yi Wang,Jianmin Lu,Bing Yang,Xingyuan San,Zhong-Shuai Wu
Exploring highly active and stable oxygen evolving electrocatalysts is the key for electrochemical water splitting and renewable chemical conversion. RuO 2 is one of the benchmark oxygen evolving electrocatalysts, but remains challenging in high activity in all-pH electrolytes. Herein, we report a confined oxygenation strategy using the finite oxygen species from graphene oxide to synthesize two dimensional (2D) heterostructures of intrinsically defective RuO 2 nanocrystals uniformly grown on graphene (2D D-RuO 2 /G), showing ultrathin thickness of 9 nm, high specific surface area of 125 m 2 g −1 , enriched hydroxylated surface and notably intrinsic defective RuO 2 with low Ru–O coordination number of 5. Consequently, 2D D-RuO 2 /G exhibits a robust stability and an extraordinary oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance both in acidic and alkaline solutions, achieving a current density of 10 mA cm −2 at the overpotential of 169 and 175 mV, and a water oxidation turn over frequency of 1.07 and 1.25 S −1 at 270 mV, respectively, corresponding to 344 mV of total overpotential at 10 mA cm −2 in acidic and alkaline electrolytes , which greatly exceeds the state-of-the-art of pH-universal OER electrocatalysts. Theoretical studies indicate that intrinsic defective Ru sites can enhance the adsorption and accelerate the decomposition of hydroxyl groups to boost the OER activity. This confined oxygenation strategy provides the opportunities to construct 2D advanced defective OER electrocatalysts in all-pH electrolytes.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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催化科学
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高影响因子
Nano Energy
·
2015
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IF 10.325
Pengfei Wang,Yuxing Xu,Hui Liu,Yunfa Chen,Jun Yang,Qiangqiang Tan
Tailoring the internal structure of nanomaterials is an effective way to enhance their performance for a given application. Herein, a core–shell templated approach is demonstrated to fabricate carbon or carbon nanotube-supported hollow structured RuO 2 nanoparticles as excellent electrode materials for supercapacitors . This strategy involves the synthesis of core–shell Ag–Ru nanoparticles, and subsequent loading on carbon or carbon nanotube support. Then the Ag component is removed from the core region using saturated aqueous Na 2 S solution to generate hollow structured Ru nanoparticles on carbon or carbon nanotube support, which are then converted into RuO 2 with intact hollow structure by thermal treatment in air. In particular, the as-prepared carbon or carbon nanotube-supported hollow RuO 2 nanoparticles for a supercapacitor adopting the H 2 SO 4 electrolyte exhibit high specific capacitances of 817.1 and 819.9 F g −1 , respectively, at a current density of 0.2 A g −1 . The specific capacitances for hRuO 2 /C, hRuO 2 /CNT nanocomposites were maintained at 805.8 and 770.2 F g −1 , respectively, at current density of 0.5 A g −1 with good cycle stability. The comparison in electrochemical performance between the hollow structured RuO 2 and their core–shell counterparts for a capacitor manifests that the preparation of RuO 2 nanoparticles with hollow interiors is favorable for the enhancement in their capacitive behavior.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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高影响因子
Journal of Water Process Engineering
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2025
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IF 6.7
Min Zhang,Shuhuan Yin,Jia Wen,Bin Zheng,Shaohua Lin,Haixia Wu
With the increasing severity of microplastic (MPs) pollution in aquatic environments, the process of removing MPs from water environments by electrocoagulation (EC) technology has attracted widespread attention. In this study, EC using a dimensionally stable anode (DSA)-coated Ti electrode (RuO₂-IrO₂/Ti) under pulsed current was employed to treat wastewater containing polystyrene (PS) MPs. The effects of factors such as electrolyte concentration, initial solution pH, current density, pulse frequency, and pulse duty cycle on the PS removal efficiency were investigated. The results showed that the maximum PS removal of 94.2 % was achieved with an energy consumption of 5.5 kWh/g. The removal mechanism of PS was elucidated through analyses including scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of electrode, X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared, and zeta potential measurement of the flocs. Finally, the article conducts an economic analysis of this technology and provides an outlook on its application prospects. This study confirms that the EC technology using RuO₂-IrO₂/Ti can remove MPs from wastewater effectively, which may provide new insights for the development of MPs removal technologies.
研究领域:
环境科学
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水处理技术
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电化学工程
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环境功能材料
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污染控制化学
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高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
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2026
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IF 8.3
Fei Wang,Shule Liu,Jianfeng Lu,Yukun Hu,Jing Ding,Weilong Wang
Dry reforming of methane (DRM) has emerged as an efficient approach to reducing greenhouse gas emissions while producing key industrial feedstocks. However, the industrial deployment of DRM has been impeded by severe challenges in conventional thermal catalysis, particularly carbon deposition and competing side reactions. Herein, we report 1.0 % RuO 2 /CeO 2 as a highly effective anti-coke catalyst that achieves remarkable yields of H 2 (∼292.3 mmolg cat −1 h −1 ) and CO (∼350.4 mmolg cat −1 h −1 ). This catalyst shows stable performance over 100 h under simulated solar irradiation at 650 °C with negligible carbon deposition. Notably, the integration of photothermal synergistic catalysis not only lowers the operating temperature required for CO 2 and CH 4 conversion but also suppresses competing side reactions, resulting in a ∼40 % higher syngas yield compared to pure thermal conditions. The integration of in situ infrared spectroscopic analysis with theoretical modeling demonstrates that photothermal synergy enhances the activation of CH 4 identified as the rate-limiting step, as well as the selective oxidation of the CH 3 * intermediate to CH 3 O* without the formation of coke. This synergetic effect is believed to be responsible for the catalyst's excellent stability over extended operation. This study provides new ideas for the industrial utilization of carbon resources at high value.
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高影响因子
Carbon Neutralization
·
2026
·Vol. 5
·期 1
·e70120
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IF 12
Youpeng Cao,Hongling Liu,Lun Li,Zhongheng Li,Ziwen Feng,Wenhao Gu,Hui Pan
Overcoming the sluggish acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is critical for advancing proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) toward large-scale green hydrogen production, yet its development is hindered by the intrinsic trade-off between activity and stability. Herein, we introduce a controllable synthesis strategy to engineer RuO 2 assemblies from ultrasmall Ru nanocrystals supported on carbon via air annealing for efficient acidic OER. This process concurrently induces a Ru-to-RuO 2 crystal transformation and facilitates carbon thermal decomposition, yielding a catalyst (Ru-nano/C-300) with markedly enhanced electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) and superior OER performance, requiring only 218 mV at 10 mA cm −2 , and exhibiting a Tafel slope of 43.8 mV dec −1 and a mass activity 21-fold higher than commercial RuO 2 (c-RuO 2 ) at 1.5 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Tetramethylammonium cation (TMA + ) poisoning experiments combined with in-situ spectroscopic analyses verify that the catalysts predominantly operate via the adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) pathway, while electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results indicate that suppressing oxygen vacancy formation is crucial for the reaction mechanism. These results demonstrate vacancy suppression coupled with morphology engineering as a powerful strategy to develop both efficient and durable catalysts for acidic OER.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
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2022
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IF 6.371
Shushuang Sun,Rongsheng Chen,Ying Wen,Yang Li,Weiting Zhan,Feng Ma,Xingxin Jiang,Wenping He,Hongwei Ni
It is imperative to develop efficient and environmentally friendly technologies to remove ammonia nitrogen from the wastewater. Herein, RuO 2 nanoparticles decorated TiO 2 nanowires (RuO 2 /TiO 2 NWs) were fabricated for efficient electrocatalytic degradation of ammonia nitrogen. TiO 2 NWs were prepared on Ti mesh by hydrothermal treatment in NaOH solution, with diameter of 80–100 nm and length of ∼3 µm. Then RuO 2 nanoparticles were decorated on TiO 2 NWs by electrodeposition and annealing in air at 450 ℃. The effects of current, pH, initial ammonia concentration and chloride ion concentration on ammonia nitrogen degradation were investigated, and the possible degradation mechanism was discussed. After three hours of degradation in ammonia nitrogen waste liquid with NH 4 + -N concentration of 200 mg•L −1 and Cl - concentration of 2000 mg•L −1 , the ammonia nitrogen removal rate of RuO 2 /TiO 2 NWs reaches 99.876%. The mass loading of Ru is only 16.2 μg•cm −2 , suggesting an extremely high ammonia nitrogen degradation efficiency. Electrochemical test shows that the conductivity of RuO 2 /TiO 2 NWs is significantly enhanced as compared with that of TiO 2 NWs. RuO 2 /TiO 2 NWs also show good stability after 100 h of constant current test at 20 mA•cm −2 in ammonia nitrogen degradation. The prepared material can be used as an effective catalyst for the degradation of ammonia nitrogen in wastewater.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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高影响因子
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 6.6
Xinyu Liu,Yimeng Wang,Jinqi Wu,Donggang Li,Mingyu Yao,Jindou Huang,Bowen Ren
Ce-doped Co 3 O 4 nanowire arrays with interfacial RuO 2 were constructed on Ti mesh. • The optimized 5-Ru-CoCe/Ti shows 198 ± 15 mV at 10 mA cm −2 for acidic OER. • The self-supported electrode delivers stable operation for over 200 h in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 . • Ce doping and RuO 2 coupling tune the electronic structure and accelerate OER kinetics. Co-based catalysts have emerged as highly promising electrocatalysts for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, their elevated surface energies lead to instability and inefficacy, particularly at high current densities, impeding their utility in large-scale application. Herein, we report a self-supported electrode composed of interfacial RuO 2 -decorated Ce-doped Co 3 O 4 nanowire arrays on Ti mesh, fabricated through hydrothermal growth, annealing, and cyclic impregnation-calcination. The optimized 5-Ru-CoCe/Ti catalyst delivers an overpotential of only 198 ± 15 mV at 10 mA cm −2 , a Tafel slope of 103.2 mV dec −1 , and stable operation for over 200 h in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 . Experimental characterizations and density functional theory calculations reveal that Ce doping and RuO 2 /Co 3 O 4 interfacial coupling modulate the local electronic structure and promote interfacial electron redistribution. This electronic modulation enhances –OH adsorption and accelerates OER kinetics, thus lowering the energy barrier for the *O to *OOH conversion. These findings demonstrate that interfacial electronic structure engineering is an effective strategy for designing low-noble-metal electrocatalysts with high activity and durability for acidic water oxidation. Download: Download high-res image (123KB) Download: Download full-size image
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