Collagen and Leather
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2026
·Vol. 8
·期 1
·25
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IF 10.1
Jiang Qingmiao,Zhou Yuxin,Liu Minghua,Lv Yuancai,Guo Hong,Liu Yifan,Ye Xiaoxia,Shi Yongqian
With the depletion of petroleum resources, biomass has been widely applied as an alternative to petroleum-based feedstocks. In this work, a lightweight tannin-lignin-phenolic carbon foam (TLCF 5−ME ) with excellent smoke suppression was developed. The foam precursor was prepared by substituting 30 wt% of phenol with modified lignin, and tannin was used as a framework filler to reinforce the samples. The effects of lignin, tannin type, including myrica extract (ME), wattle extract (WE), and tannic acid (TA), and addition amount of tannin on the mechanical behavior and smoke suppression of carbon foam were determined, and the mechanism was illustrated. Surprisingly, it was found that the total smoke release of TLCF 5−ME was only 0.39 m 2 /m 2 , which was 97.62% lower than that of pure phenolic carbon foam (CF), and the compressive strength of TLCF 5−ME was 0.32 MPa, which was 33.33% higher than that of CF. In summary, adding modified lignin and ME not only reduced the use of phenol, but also increased the number of aromatic rings and improved the graphitization degree of carbon foam, thereby promoting the formation of compact char layers under combustion, and further effectively inhibiting the smoke production of samples. Graphical
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Materials Today Communications
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2026
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IF 4.9
Wenjiang Huang,Xiaoao Li,Ruiyang Yao,Jianjiang Xin,Jiali Zhang,Yongzheng He
Rapid degradation and local alkalization limit the orthopedic use of biodegradable magnesium alloys. An MS-ETN@ALNPs coating was constructed on ZE21C alloy through micro-arc oxidation, APTMS sealing, and incorporation of etidronate disodium-loaded alkali lignin nanoparticles. Microscopy and spectroscopy verified a continuous multilayer structure and the presence of ETN-related phosphorus groups. Isolated ETN@ALNPs released more ETN under alkaline conditions. The composite coating retained an adhesion-related critical load of approximately 75 mN and achieved a corrosion current density of (2.20 ± 1.57) × 10 −7 A·cm −2 and a charge-transfer resistance of 2406.0 ± 46.39 Ω·cm 2 . After 7 days in simulated body fluid, it produced the lowest weight loss, least surface damage, and reduced hydrogen evolution. Extracts from the coated samples also promoted MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion and spreading. The coating therefore provided effective degradation control while preserving a cellular environment favorable to osteoblast attachment.
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ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2026
·
IF 7.6
Zhaoni Kong,Qianqian Sun,Minli Wang,Fanyun Chen,Qingqing Guan
Oxalic acid (OA) is a high-value platform chemical widely used as an electron donor for hydrogen production and fuel cells. However, existing technologies for lignin-to-OA conversion generally suffer from critical drawbacks, such as catalyst dependence, harsh conditions, and low selectivity. Herein, we developed a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated alkaline hydrothermal oxidation system that converts lignin to OA in just 10 min and elucidated the free-radical-mediated oxidative ring-opening mechanism. Using guaiacol as a model compound, we confirmed that the oxidation of catechol to o-benzoquinone is the critical step and further clarified the generation mechanism of hydroxyl radicals (·OH), the two ring-opening pathways of o-benzoquinone, and the dominant formation pathway of oxalic acid. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin-trapping experiments revealed that NaOH promotes deprotonation of H2O2 to form hydroperoxide anions (HO2−), which further react with H2O2 under hydrothermal conditions to continuously generate hydroxyl radicals (·OH). These ·OH attack the aromatic structure via radical addition, accelerating ring opening and OA formation. Under the optimal conditions, the yield of OA obtained from lignin reached 16.6%. This work establishes a rapid and green approach for lignin valorization, clarifies the radical-mediated aromatic ring-opening pathway, and provides fundamental guidance for targeted oxidative cleavage of lignin into high-value carboxylic acids.
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ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
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2026
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IF 7.6
Xiong Jieyu,Li Kexin,Wang Xianfeng,Liu Li,Jiao Wenling,Lu Chunhong
Gelatin is a promising biobased feedstock for textile fibers but is plagued by inadequate mechanical properties. Lignin, which is abundant in polar groups, can act as a biomass reinforcing filler by forming hydrogen bonds with gelatin. However, the regulatory mechanism by which lignin content and draw ratio affect the structure and properties of gel-spun lignin/gelatin fibers remains unclear. In this work, the rheological behavior of the spinning dope was investigated to evaluate its spinnability, followed by a systematic exploration of the effects of lignin content and draw ratio on fiber properties. The fiber with 10% lignin content achieved a maximum draw ratio of 10 and optimal mechanical performance, with a tensile strength of 141.09 MPa, and a Young's modulus of 4.54 GPa. Under the synergistic effect of lignin incorporation and drawing, the helical structure of gelatin unwound, promoting the molecular chain orientation along the fiber axis and the formation of a denser, more ordered microstructure. Fabrics woven from these fibers exhibited excellent ultraviolet-resistant performance, with the optimal fabric achieving a high UPF value of 456.72. This work provides insights into the modulation of lignin/gelatin fiber for the development of high-performance functional textiles.
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BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 8.2
Haoyu Chai,Xin Li,Yu-Cai He,Cuiluan Ma
Recombinant E. coli ADH6–GDH carrying ADH6 and GDH was constructed for bioreduction. • ADH6–GDH whole-cell fully converted 40 mM syringaldehyde to syringyl alcohol. • Substrate spectrum was explored using lignin-derived aldehydes via bioreduction. • Lipase Novozym 435 enabled the conversion of syringyl alcohol to syringyl acetate. • Tandem biocatalysis with reductase and lipase was used to synthesize aromatic esters. Efficient valorization of lignin-derived aromatics remains a key challenge in sustainable chemistry. Biobased aromatic alcohols and esters are important value-added compounds widely used in fragrances, pharmaceutical intermediates, fine chemicals, and functional materials. In this study, a whole-cell biocatalytic system co-expressing alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH6) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) was developed for the efficient conversion of syringaldehyde to syringyl alcohol. The GDH-based cofactor regeneration module enabled in situ reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) supply, thereby improving catalytic efficiency while reducing the dependence on external cofactors. Under optimized conditions, the system achieved a high analytical yield of 98.3% at 40 mM syringaldehyde in an aqueous system, representing, to the best of our knowledge, the highest substrate concentration reported so far for this biocatalytic conversion. The substrate spectrum was further evaluated using representative lignin-derived aromatic aldehydes, including cinnamaldehyde, p -anisaldehyde, vanillin, and 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde. These substrates were converted into cinnamyl alcohol, 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol, vanillyl alcohol, and 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol, respectively. Cinnamaldehyde, p -anisaldehyde, and 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde afforded the corresponding alcohols with analytical yields of 99%, whereas vanillin gave vanillyl alcohol with an analytical yield of 86% after 4 h. Molecular docking indicated that these substrates could bind within the ADH6 active pocket through similar orientations, supported by hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions, providing structural explanation for the observed substrate adaptability. In addition, coupling with immobilized lipase Novozym 435 enabled the conversion of syringyl alcohol into syringyl acetate via transesterification. This work established an efficient tandem biocatalysis with reductase and lipase for upgrading of lignin-derived aromatic compounds. Download: Download high-res image (100KB) Download: Download full-size image
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2026
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IF 12.5
Hui Liu,Weikun Jiang,Wenliang Wang,Shubin Wu,Pedram Fatehi,Yu Liu
The development of multifunctional nanomaterials with unique structural and functional properties is a critical area of research in materials science; however, their synthesis is full of challenges. Herein, we firstly reported a simple synthesis strategy for fabricating resin-based hollow nanocages (RHNCs) with controllable sizes and a unique hollow nanostructure, which exhibited potential for a wide range of multifunctional applications. RHNCs were synthesized using lignin as a soft template through a gradient polymerization process of resin nanospheres, followed by the removal of lignin templates via ethanol dissolution, resulting in the formation of a spherical shell structure with well-defined pores. Lignin addition regulated RHNCs' particle size and morphology while enhancing their specific surface areas and application values. The RHNCs exhibited excellent dispersion stability in various media, attributed to their smaller particle size and greater exposure of hydrophilic functional groups. Additionally, the resulting RHNCs possessed notable antioxidant activity and favorable biocompatibility. As nano-reinforced fillers, the addition of a small amount of RHNCs significantly improved the mechanical performance of polymer materials, owing to cross-linking through interpenetrating networks and reinforcement provided by hydrophobic rigid structures, particularly in terms of tensile strength, elongation at break, and toughness. Furthermore, RHNCs can serve as efficient free radical initiators for hydrogel polymerization, reducing the gelation time to within seconds at room temperature without the need for external stimuli. The unique synthesis strategy and multifunctional properties of RHNCs open new avenues for the development of advanced nanomaterials with tailored properties for specific applications.
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IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL
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2026
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IF 2.9
Chen Shuhua,Ren Zimeng,Wang Shufeng,Zhang Jing,Li Xiuping,Liu Xuewu
Phase change materials are capable of undergoing phase transitions when the ambient temperature changes, presenting excellent energy storage properties. In this study, for the first time, we incorporate lignin into polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, making the prepared phase change material less prone to liquid leakage and exhibiting excellent heat storage performance. The composite phase change material MPEG- g -EHL was prepared by grafting polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (MPEG) onto lignin (EHL) skeleton carrier using the chemical grafting method with toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) as the cross-linking agent. The polarization microscopy (POM) patterns clearly reveal significant differences in crystal morphology between MPEG and MPEG- g -EHL. The grafting structure is confirmed by the results of FTIR and XRD analyses and the maximum grafting ratio is 85.73%. When the mass ratio of MPEG to EHL is 90:10, its enthalpy efficiency reaches its maximum value of 80.30%. At this point, its melting enthalpy value is 124.80 J g −1 , and its crystallization enthalpy value is 106.04 J g −1 . The composite phase change material MPEG- g -EHL is still thermally stable after 100 cycles of heat and cold, and it has a good latent heat energy storage property. These outstanding properties make it show broad application prospects in energy storage fields such as building energy conservation and temperature control, industrial waste heat recovery, and solar thermal storage systems. Graphical abstract
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
Yihui Gu,Haoyu Wang,Yufeng Yuan,Chaofeng Zhang,Wenjuan Wu,Wangxia Wang,M. Mostafizur Rahman,Bo Jiang,Yongcan Jin
Supramolecular hydrogels assembled through dynamic non-covalent interactions are renowned for their reversible reorganizability, yet often suffer from inadequate mechanical strength. In this work, sulfonated lignin serving as a reversible interfacial mediator was used to establish dynamic non-covalent bonds throughout the network, which allow for energy dissipation and structural reconfiguration under stress. The soaking strategy employing a saturated lignin solution effectively augments the crosslinking density and dramatically increases the network compactness of the resulted hydrogel. Through structural engineering design at the molecular to micro-nanoscale, the optimized hydrogel exhibits exceptional overall performance. It achieves a tensile strength of 36.5 ± 2 MPa, a Young's modulus of 19.4 ± 1.25 MPa, and a toughness of 86.1 ± 7.4 MJ/m 3 , representing dramatic increases of 67, 191, and 174 times, respectively, compared to the poly (vinyl alcohol)/chitosan hydrogel. These results suggest a synergistic enhancement of both rigidity and toughness. Mechanistic insights into the interface revealed that the sulfonate groups in lignin play a pivotal role in enhancing the crosslinking density, primarily by significantly improving interfacial viscoelasticity and fostering strong molecular-level interactions. This interfacial design strategy provides a promising structural engineering approach for developing high-performance supramolecular hydrogels, with the potential applications in various fields, including soft engineering and structural composites.
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ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2026
·
IF 19.9
Yibo Gao,Jintian Zhong,Xiongxian Lyu,Binjie Jin,Weifeng Liu,Xueqing Qiu
The development of smart actuators that integrate robust mechanical properties with rapid responsiveness remains a critical challenge for advancing artificial muscles. To address this, this study incorporates lignin—a renewable resource—into liquid crystalline elastomer (LCE) to fabricate a high-performance photothermal-responsive artificial muscle material. By leveraging the inherent aromatic conjugated structure of lignin as an efficient photothermal unit, we successfully integrated it with mesogens to construct a liquid crystalline network featuring a nanoscale microphase-separated architecture. This network incorporates lignin-based phenolic carbamate bonds and disulfide bonds concurrently, forming a dual dynamic crosslinking architecture that significantly enhances the mechanical properties of LCE, achieving a tensile strength of 21.5 MPa and an elongation at break exceeding 754%, thereby substantially surpassing conventional single-network LCEs. It also confers outstanding photothermal response, enabling rapid, self-actuated reversible deformation (33% strain). As a light-driven artificial muscle, it achieves 40% reversible strain and 30.0 kJ/m 3 output power density. This work presents a novel strategy for developing high-performance light-driven LCEs through the integration of biomass lignin as both a reinforcing phase and an intrinsic photothermal converter. This approach not only enhances the material's performance but also offers promising pathways for the design and fabrication of next-generation soft robots and artificial muscles.
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Journal of Energy Chemistry
·
2026
·
IF 15.6
Yun Tian,Menghao Jiang,Jinxing Long
Developing in-situ catalysts featuring good activity for lignin hydrogenolysis is highly desirable, yet remains a great challenge. In this work, we proposed an efficient strategy for selective hydrodeoxygenation of lignin to a versatile petrochemical of alkylcyclohexanol (ACH) using the in-situ Ru nanoparticles anchored on MgO-modified TS-1. The results demonstrated that, with HRO 5 -MgO 20 @TS-1 catalyst, a total monomer yield of 36.4% was shown from the one-pot cascade process of lignin hydrogenolysis and phenolics hydrodeoxygenation. Importantly, 55.8% of obtained monomers were identified as ACH (20.2% yield), which has been widely used as an oxygenated fuel, solvent, and intermediate for functionalized materials. Intensive catalyst characterizations using TEM, XPS, and XAFS revealed that the highly dispersed in-situ Ru 0 species, together with the suitable acid-base properties, are responsible for the superior catalytic performance of HRO 5 -MgO 20 @TS-1 in lignin depolymerization. In addition, a plausible reaction pathway for ACH formation has been proposed, according to the results of comparative characterization of raw and regenerated lignin, and the performance of lignin model conversion. Therefore, this work provides a new insight into producing value-added alkylcyclohexanol from the renewable lignin.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2026
·
IF 8.7
Jitao Huang,Xuemei Li,Chi Zhang,Xinyi Yang,Hao Xie,Changchun Li,Bo Xiong,Jianying Yu,Bianyang He,Lei Zhu
Lignin (LG) is widely incorporated into chitosan (CS) via physical blending to increase adsorption sites and thereby enhance dye removal. However, chemical grafting of LG onto CS has received limited attention due to persistent doubts about its superiority over physical blending and unclear the synergistic mechanism. Herein, we demonstrate a diisocyanate-mediated strategy to graft LG onto CS for enhancing the adsorption capacity of methylene blue (MB) by hyperconjugation-driven: the synergistic effects of expanded adsorption sites, strengthened binding affinity, and establishment of a benzene-dominated σ → π ⁎ hyperconjugation system. Specifically, LG-diisocyanate-CS (LG-D-CS) composites were successfully formed via covalent bonding with three different diisocyanates, which exhibited improved dispersion and hydrophobicity owing to the introduction of lipophilic groups compared to CS. Subsequently, LG-diphenylmethane diisocyanate-CS (LG-M-CS) was then evaluated for MB adsorption. Comprehensive isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic analyses confirmed that LG-M-CS (132.279 mg/g) showed four-fold boost in adsorption capacity than CS (32.514 mg/g). Furthermore, molecular simulations (MS) were performed to elucidate the adsorption mechanism, encompassing HOMO-LUMO energy gaps, molecular electrostatic potentials (MEP), Bond dissociation energy (BDE), binding energies, mean square displacements (MSD) and radial distribution functions (RDF). The results revealed benzene-rich LG and MDI segments dramatically proposed more adsorption sites, stronger intrinsic affinity, enhanced electron-donating capability and intensified π-cation interactions, providing the microscopic evidence of this electronic effect in bio-based adsorbents. This finding establishes hyperconjugation as a powerful new design principle for dramatically boosting the dye removal performance of renewable polysaccharide adsorbents.
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
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2026
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IF 5.4
Xin Lei,Meining Li,Yueguang Wang,Yang Li,Zhenfu Zhu,Chengrong Wen,Di Zhang,Jie Pang
This work introduced paper industry by-product dealkalized lignin (DL) as a natural modifier into the konjac glucomannan (KGM) system to overcome the deficiencies of KGM, such as poor mechanical properties and weak ultraviolet (UV)-blocking performance, addressing the urgent demand for renewable and biodegradable functional materials in packaging. Through the chemical crosslinking action of epichlorohydrin (EPI), the effects of DL content (0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% w/v) on the microstructure, thermal stability, mechanical properties, gas barrier properties, antioxidant activity, UV-blocking properties, and biodegradability of the composite films were systematically investigated. The results showed that EPI could successfully promote the formation of a stable three-dimensional (3D) network structure between KGM and DL, particularly at 0.3% (w/v) DL content. When the DL concentration was 0.5%, the ductility of the composite films was significantly enhanced, with a maximum elongation at break (EAB) of 57.61%. In addition, the antioxidant activities (ABTS radical scavenging rate: 85.83%) and UV-blocking properties of the composite films were remarkably improved. Experiments on fresh-cut eggplants preservation further confirmed that the KGM/DL films effectively delayed weight loss, hardness reduction, total phenolic content (TPC) reduction, and lipid peroxidation of eggplants, demonstrating good application potential. Therefore, this study provides an effective strategy for the high-value utilization of industrial by-products and the development of new green materials.
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