ANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL
·
2025
·Vol. 96
·期 1
·e70067
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IF 1.2
Siyu Dai,Shuai Meng,Shifeng Liu,Dagang Li,Hong Wang
This study investigated the role and mechanism of α-glycerol monolaurate (α-GML), a Food and Drug Administration–approved natural emulsifier, in enhancing tight junction (TJ) assembly and intestinal barrier function. In vitro experiments showed that α-GML significantly increased the gene and protein levels of TJ-related occludin (OCLN) and zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1), increased ZO-1 distribution in the cell membrane, and reduced paracellular permeability in porcine jejunum epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). These findings indicated that α-GML enhanced intestinal barrier function by promoting TJ protein expression and assembly. Compared with the α-GML group, TJ protein expression and assembly and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation were significantly downregulated in cotreatment groups receiving α-GML along with a calcium-sensing receptor antagonist or a phospholipase C inhibitor. Notably, the groups treated with α-GML and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor inhibitor showed a significant decrease in TJ assembly and AMPK phosphorylation, with no significant difference in the TJ protein expression levels. In vivo experiments demonstrated that dietary α-GML significantly upregulated TJ levels and AMPK phosphorylation in the jejunum of partridge chicks. In conclusion, α-GML may upregulate intestinal epithelial TJ assembly via AMPK activation and promote intestinal barrier development in young animals to maintain intestinal health.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 9.8
Xue Wang,Hongxia Liu,Yingying Liu,Danyang Zhang,Lei Zhu,Guoqing Wang,Hongping Chen,Yunfeng Chai
Tea ( Camellia sinensis ) is rich in purine alkaloids, particularly caffeine, yet other alkaloids have garnered less attention. In this study, a pair of stereoisomers cis - and trans -cinnamoylagmatines, alkaloids with a guanidine skeleton, have been identified in tea. Their structures were characterized using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/Q-Exactive orbitrap mass spectrometry and were confirmed by comparison with authentic reference standards obtained through organic synthesis. The total contents of cis- and trans- cinnamoylagmatines in various made teas with different fermentation degree and fresh leaves of different tea plant varieties were quantified to be from 1.76 ± 0.024 to 111.74 ± 11.30 mg kg −1 . In the α-glucosidase activity assay, trans -cinnamoylagmatine demonstrated superior inhibitory efficiency (IC 50 : 0.288 ± 0.011 mg mL −1 ) compared to the widely used diabetes medication acarbose. This study sheds light on the presence of natural guanidine alkaloids in tea and their potential role in reducing the risk of diabetes.
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ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2026
·
IF 4.7
Shuang Chen,Ang Gao,Ke Liu,Ru Xiao
To enhance the flame retardancy of polyamide 6 (PA 6) while retaining its processability and mechanical properties, we developed a synergistic strategy that combines reactive copolymerization with additive incorporation. A rationally designed, lactam-based phosphonamide comonomer (DCL) ensured compatibility and reactivity during the ring-opening polymerization of caprolactam and was copolymerized in the presence of melamine cyanurate (MCA). The resulting PA 6-DCL/MCA composites exhibited outstanding fire performance: PA 6 with 5 wt % DCL alone achieved an LOI of 29.5%, whereas the hybrid composite containing 3 wt % DCL and 2 wt % MCA reached a UL94 V-0 rating with nonflaming melt dripping. The flame-retardant mechanisms were systematically investigated using techniques including cone calorimetry, with a focus on the pyrolysis process and charring behavior. The flame suppression is attributed to a synergistic effect involving dominant gas-phase inhibition combined with condensed-phase action, the latter comprising heat dissipation through controlled melt flow and the formation of a slightly reinforced char barrier. This design provides a scalable, halogen-free route to high-performance PA 6, where the flame-retardant efficacy arises from the interplay of molecular structure and additive synergy.
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Advanced Science
·
2026
·
IF 14.1
Haote Ding,Ling Jiang,Yijia Song,Zhongji Pu,Lirong Yang,Haoran Yu
(2 R ,3 R )-butanediol dehydrogenases (BDHs) are promising catalysts for the production of α -hydroxy ketones, which are highly valuable compounds in the synthesis of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. However, (2 R ,3 R )-BDHs display limited stereoselectivity, thus restricting wider applications. In this study, we engineered a (2 R ,3 R )-BDH from Bacillus subtilis ( Bs BDH) to enhance and invert its stereoselectivity toward 1,2-cyclohexanediol (1,2-CHD) for the production of chiral 2-hydroxycyclohexanone. The hot spots 115, 118, 293 of Bs BDH were initially identified using the protein language model ESM-1v. Subsequently, to obtain a stable scaffold to engineer stereoselectivity, we devised a strategy of position analysis and source search, achieving a true-positive rate of 88.2% in designing thermostable single variants. Furthermore, iterative saturation mutagenesis was applied to the hot spots of the thermostable variant 6M2, and obtained a trans -CHD preference variant LTF ( ee > 99%) and a cis -CHD preference variant 10M ( ee > 99%). Several high-activity variants were also obtained, including 6M2/F115C/L118F and 6M2/F115L/L118M, which demonstrated the activity improvements toward 25 substrates, with the highest enhancement reaching 5183.1-fold. Additionally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the incorporation of non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) were utilized to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the variants. The engineered Bs BDH variants exhibit promising potential for the biocatalytic production of α -hydroxyketones.
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ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING
·
2026
·
IF 6.1
Zhenyu Wang,Jinda Wang,Xuemin Li,Yu Wan,Jing Tao
Aims:Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness worldwide, and the mechanism underlying cataract formation is linked to the oxidative damage and the apoptosis of lens epithelial cells. Retinoic acid Receptor‐related orphan receptor α (RORα), a transcription factor, prevents oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. RORα is decreased in the lens from patients with cataract, but it remains unclear whether decreases in RORα are attributed to cataract formation.Results:Here, rat models of selenite-induced cataracts were used for in vivo experiments. In vitro, human lens epithelial cells (SRA01-04) were treated with selenite. RORα was downregulated in the lens from rat models of selenite-induced cataracts. The RORα agonist SR1078 significantly mitigated the degree of lens opacity. SR1078 reduced oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction and promoted the peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC-1α) and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-heme oxygenase-1 pathways in the lens from rat models of selenite-induced cataracts and lens epithelial cells upon selenite stimulation. RORα overexpression showed a similar protective effect on lens epithelial cells in vitro. Nerve growth factor (NGF) expression was up-regulated by RORα overexpression. Although RORα overexpression prevented selenite-induced damage to lens epithelial cells, the damage recurred following NGF knockdown.Conclusion:RORα protects against selenite-induced oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis. In the context of cataractogenesis, NGF is newly identified as a transcriptional target of RORα, and its reduction is related to mitochondrial dysfunction in lens epithelial cells. Our study highlights the translational potential of RORα activation as a nonsurgical cataract intervention. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000–000.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2026
·
IF 9.8
Baozhu Shi,Yueran Ma,Dong Li,Zisheng Luo
Corosolic acid (CA) is a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor, but its application is limited by poor aqueous solubility and low bioaccessibility. In this study, a CA-stabilized water-in-oil (W/O) Pickering emulsion was proposed as a self-assembled delivery strategy to overcome these limitations. The emulsion markedly improved the gastrointestinal performance of CA, leading to a substantially higher bioaccessibility (28.54%) compared with crystalline CA (6.48%). Enzyme kinetic analysis for CA emulsion showed an apparent non-competitive inhibition mode and enhanced α-glucosidase inhibition with a reduced K i and IC 50 . Molecular dynamics simulations supported stable binding interactions consistent with an allosteric inhibition mechanism. Overall, this work demonstrates that structuring CA into a W/O Pickering emulsion can simultaneously improve its bioaccessibility and inhibitory efficiency, providing a conceptual framework for enhancing the functionality of poorly soluble triterpenoids.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
·
2022
·Vol. 47
·期 47
·20561-20571
·
IF 7.139
Tianyu Ai,Jing Li,Shuai Nie,Yansheng Yin,Jinlin Lu,Shuo Bao,Ling Yan
Transition elements doping metal oxide is of great significance for developing gas sensors with high performance. To achieve this goal, α-Fe 2 O 3 rod and Mn-doped α-Fe 2 O 3 polyhedrons are successfully synthesized by a facile N, N-dimethylformamide assisted hydrothermal method and characterized by several physical techniques. The morphology of α-Fe 2 O 3 is evolved by introducing Mn elements. The performance of the α-Fe 2 O 3 rod and Mn-doped α-Fe 2 O 3 polyhedrons as H 2 gas sensors are studied and compared. The Mn/α-Fe 2 O 3 -5 polyhedrons sensor exhibit the best performance at optimum operating temperature of 300 °C. The response and recovery times are 10 s/24 s for H 2 with a concentration of 200 ppm, which is much faster in contrast to those recently reported H 2 gas sensors. Furthermore, α-Fe 2 O 3 rod and Mn-doped α-Fe 2 O 3 polyhedrons show abnormal n-p transition sensing behavior with the change of operating temperature. This work provides a facile method for synthesizing α-Fe 2 O 3 based sensing materials for various sensors applications.
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BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING
·
2013
·Vol. 17
·期 6
·1128-1134
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IF 1.277
Li Bin,Wang Lei,Su Lingqia,Chen Sheng,Li Zhaofeng,Chen Jian,Wu Jing
OmpA signal peptide mediated cgt gene from Paenibacillus macerans JFB05-01 was cloned and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The effects of glycine and Triton X-100 on extracellular production of α-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (α-CGTase) were investigated. When supplemented with Gly or Triton X-100 to the culture media individually, the secreted extracellular enzyme reached 32 or 33 U/mL at 48 h of cultivation, respectively. When supplemented with Gly and Triton X-100 together, the extracellular α-CGTase activity reached 48 U/mL after 48 h cultivation, which was 20-fold of the control group without any additives. Analysis of membrane permeability demonstrated that addition of glycine and Triton X-100 enhanced the permeability of both outer and inner membrane. The potential mechanism of the enhanced protein secretion was discussed.
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SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 9
Beibei Liu,Zhigang Wang,Xiaoyao Tan
Compared to organic nanofiltration (NF) membranes, ceramic NF membranes exhibit higher stability under harsh conditions such as extreme pH and elevated temperatures. γ-Al 2 O 3 is commonly employed as an interlayer in multilayer ceramic NF membranes, but it is restricted to relatively mild conditions. In this study, on a macroporous alumina hollow fiber support, a boehmite sol coating is transformed from γ-Al 2 O 3 to α-Al 2 O 3 at a reduced phase-transformation temperature under the induction of TiO 2 , forming a uniform ultrafiltration interlayer for the fabrication of SiO 2 -ZrO 2 separation layer in a single step. By dual regulating the TiO 2 doping content in boehmite sol and sintering temperatures, the resulting SiO 2 -ZrO 2 /α-Al 2 O 3 NF membrane with a pore size of 1.4 nm demonstrates extended stability across a wide pH range of 1–13 under elevated temperatures. During the long-term dynamic textile wastewater treatment test, it maintains stable permeance and selectivity for over 24 h at pH 2/12 under 60 °C, significantly outperforming γ-Al 2 O 3 -supported SiO 2 -ZrO 2 membranes. Meanwhile, it displays a permeance of up to 18 LMH/bar and superior dye desalination performance (CR: 99.23%, NaCl <12%). This optimization strategy not only enhances the stability of SiO 2 -ZrO 2 NF membranes with the aid of an α-Al 2 O 3 interlayer but also provides a simplified route for their fabrication.
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ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
·
2026
·
IF 8.2
Xiao-Min Ren,Yuwei Ma,Xinxin Liu,Xiaochi Zhang,Huan He,Zhixiang Xu,Gui Yang,Bin Huang,Xuejun Pan
Di -tert- butylphenol derivatives, including 2,4-di -tert- butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) and its analogs, are commonly used synthetic phenolic antioxidants and have been widely detected in food, environmental matrices, and human samples. In this study, we systematically investigated the disruptive effects of 2,4-DTBP and its analogs on the thyroid hormone (TH) system using molecular, cellular, and in vivo approaches, and elucidated their underlying mechanisms of action. At the molecular level, luciferase reporter assays, coactivator recruitment experiments, and molecular docking analyses demonstrated that 2,4-DTBP, 1,3,5-tri -tert- butylbenzene (1,3,5-TTBB), and 2,4,6-tri -tert- butylbenzene (2,4,6-TTBP) act as agonists of retinoid X receptor α (RXRα). At the cellular level, proliferation assays in rat pituitary GH3 cells showed that these compounds interfere with the TR/RXRα heterodimer signaling pathway by activating RXRα rather than directly targeting the thyroid hormone receptor (TR). At the in vivo level, zebrafish embryo exposure experiments demonstrated that 2,4,6-TTBP disrupts TH levels and the expression of TH-related genes, and transcriptomic analysis further revealed perturbations in multiple key biological processes. Collectively, these findings identify TH-disrupting effects of 2,4-DTBP and its analogs and reveal a novel mechanism mediated through RXRα rather than TR. Furthermore, potential health risks of 2,4-DTBP and 2,4,6-TTBP were evaluated using the hazard quotient approach, indicating that both compounds may pose TH-disrupting risks at current human exposure levels. This study provides mechanistic insights and toxicological evidence supporting the environmental risk assessment of 2,4-DTBP and its analogs.
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Carbon Letters
·
2026
·
IF 6.2
Liang Yuwei,Huang Yufan,Hu Chunling,Cai Jinyu,Cao Yifan,Meng Guihua,Wu Jianning,Li Qi,Liu Zhiyong
Designing catalysts with suitable valence conduction band positions to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) with moderate redox capacity is to achieve efficient photocatalytic biomass-selective value-added oxidation. This protocol addresses the issue by tuning material structural defects, altering the surface electronic structure, and ultimately enhancing the raw material’s performance. Here, an appropriate amount of one - dimensional nanorods α -MnO 2 adjusted material structural defects, increased the adsorbed oxygen (O ads )/lattice oxygen (O latt ) and Mn 3+ ratios, and served as an electron transport conduit, facilitating O₂ activation to generate ROS. The Cd 1.7 In 2 S 4.7 solid solution enables the optimal valence band position by adjusting the Cd 2+ : In 3+ ratio, thus selectively oxidizing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-dicarbonylfuran (DFF). In situ XPS revealed that photogenerated electrons in Cd 1.7 In 2 S 4.7 quickly transferred to the conduction band of α -MnO 2 , and photogenerated holes from α -MnO 2 moved to the valence band of Cd 1.7 In 2 S 4.7 . This significantly enhanced the separation and transfer efficiency of photogenerated carriers at the interface. The optimal sample achieved 56% conversion of HMF and 72% selectivity of DFF under simulated sunlight. This protocol provides a new approach for the establishment of electron transport channel structures based on α -MnO 2 constructs and value-added biomass photocatalytic conversion under simulated sunlight.
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PHYTOMEDICINE
·
2026
·
IF 11.3
Benlu Chen,Hongduo Lu,Jiayu Gan,Yunhao Hu,Zhiwen Chen,Changbo Cheng,Yang Liu,Yangwenxiang Wei,Yuehui Zhou,Yuxuan Xue,Yuhao Liu,Chi Zhou,Yinuo Fan,Zhenqiu Chen
CSA ameliorates estrogen-deficient osteoporosis without hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity. • CSA bidirectionally inhibits osteoclastogenesis and promotes osteogenesis. • CSA directly targets TNF-α to restore bone coupling balance. • CSA upregulates MIRO1 and promotes mitochondrial transfer from osteoblasts to osteoclasts. Background Oestrogen-deficient osteoporosis features an imbalanced bone formation–resorption coupling with excessive osteoclast activation and impaired osteoblast function. Compounds that bidirectionally regulate bone metabolism remain rare among natural small molecules. Cajaninstilbene acid (CSA) from Cajanus cajan leaves exerts regulatory effects on bone metabolism and anti-inflammatory activity, but its mechanism in restoring bone homeostasis via intercellular mitochondrial transfer remains unclear. Purpose To investigate the therapeutic effect of CSA on oestrogen-deficient osteoporosis and reveal its molecular mechanism by targeting TNF-α-mediated mitochondrial transfer to rebalance osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. Materials Ovariectomised (OVX) mice were used as the estrogen-deficient osteoporosis model and treated with Cajaninstilbene Acid (CSA) for 6 weeks. Bone microstructure and metabolism were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), histological staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Primary bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were cultured for osteoclastic and osteogenic differentiation. Differentiation was assessed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red staining (ARS). Key targets were screened by transcriptomic analysis and validated by molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Mitochondrial transfer and activity were observed by co-culture, fluorescence labelling and JC-1 staining. Protein and gene expression were determined by Western blot (WB) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results CSA significantly increased bone mineral density and improved trabecular microarchitecture in OVX mice without obvious hepatorenal toxicity. In vitro, CSA dose-dependently suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by downregulating NFATc1 and CTSK, while enhancing osteoblast differentiation by upregulating RUNX2, OCN and OPG. Mechanistically, CSA directly bound and inhibited TNF-α, upregulated the mitochondrial transporter MIRO1, and restored mitochondrial transfer from osteoblasts to osteoclasts, reversing the disrupted bone coupling balance. Conclusion CSA bidirectionally inhibits bone resorption and promotes bone formation by blocking TNF-α signalling and restoring MIRO1-mediated mitochondrial transfer, effectively ameliorating oestrogen-deficient osteoporosis. This study provides pharmacological support and novel mechanistic insights for CSA as a promising natural candidate for osteoporosis treatment. Download: Download high-res image (189KB) Download: Download full-size image
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