Journal of Bionic Engineering
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2026
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IF 4.4
Yu Luo,Xu Lin,Liu Hongying,Pi Xitian
This study presents an inchworm-inspired soft intestinal robot powered by a Functionalized Carboxylated Bacterial Cellulose (FCBC)-based ionic actuator and anisotropic frictional feet to enable low-voltage locomotion. A bending ionic electroactive actuator composed of FCBC, Polypyrrole (PPy), and an Ionic Liquid (IL) was fabricated and denoted as FCBC–PPy–IL. The 30 × 6 × 0.8 mm actuator was equipped with silicone anchoring feet patterned with 45° inclined conical protrusions to generate directional friction. Material structure, electrochemical behavior, and cytocompatibility were characterized. Friction was measured on moist ex vivo colonic tissue (0.5–1.5 V, 0.1–10 Hz; end load 0–400 mg). Locomotion was evaluated in confined channels, on colonic surfaces, and within an ex vivo colon lumen. The actuator exhibited reversible, millimeter-scale bending at 0.1–10 Hz with stable output and no cytotoxicity. With anchoring feet, the robot showed pronounced frictional anisotropy, with \(\:{\mu\:}_{\text{r}}\) ≈ 24 (reverse/locking) and \(\:{\mu\:}_{\text{s}}\) ≈ 4 (forward/sliding). Under confinement at ≤ 1.5 V, the robot achieved consistent inchworm-like propulsion, with single-cycle step lengths of 0.031–0.11 mm and a speed of ~ 0.06 \(\:{\text{m}\text{m}\cdot \:\text{s}}^{-1}\) on flat tissue. Free locomotion on inclined surfaces and intraluminal locomotion were further demonstrated at 2.0 V as feasibility demonstrations (~ 0.04 \(\:{\text{m}\text{m}\cdot \:\text{s}}^{-1}\) on a 30° incline). This approach provides an early-stage low-voltage strategy for compliant propulsion and anisotropic-friction anchoring on colonic tissue, supporting future development of soft endoluminal robots.
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Aerosol and Air Quality Research
·
2025
·Vol. 25
·期 7
·1-10
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IF 2.5
Yu Peng,Shi Jing,Wan Hangjiang,Tang Zijian,Yuan Kangyu,Li Xi,Sun Yongjun,Zhang Xiao,Xu Yanhua
Background SrMnO 3 demonstrates high efficiency in degrading chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs). However, the accumulation of chlorine species and the loss of active sites limit the further enhancement of its catalytic performance. Purpose To improve the catalytic and chlorine poisoning resistance properties of SrMnO 3 -based catalyst. Methods A modified hydrothermal method was employed to synthesize a multi-metal-oxides catalyst based on SrMnO 3 with Ce introduced to lattice to increase surface defect density. Influences of catalyst dosage, relative humidity, pollutant concentration and airspeed on chlorobenzene (CB) removal efficiency were systematically investigated. Results The results revealed the great removal efficiency of the multi-metal-oxides catalyst based on SrMnO 3 with T 90 of 247 ℃, T 95 of 269 ℃, and the mineralization rate of 71%. The catalytic mechanism on the catalyst was explored through comprehensive characterizations and the potential degradation pathways of CB were inferred. Conclusion This work provides new insights into the design of metal-doped perovskite catalysts, highlighting the critical role of surface defects and oxygen vacancies in catalytic performance. Graphical
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CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE
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2025
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IF 4
Tu Feng-Yuan,Wang Ming-Feng,Zhong Gang,Qiao Hua-Wei,Zheng Bo-Tuo,Liu Can-Pei,Chen Ming-Feng,Zhang Hua-Gui
Compatibilization is crucial for the blending of immiscible polymers to develop high-performance composites; however, traditional compatibilization by copolymers (pre-made or in-situ generation) suffers from weak interface anchoring, and inorganic particles have gained extensive attention recently owing to their large interfacial desorption energy, while their low affinity to bulk components is a drawback. In this study, an interfacial atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technique was employed to grow polystyrene (PS) and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)(PHEMA) simultaneously on different hemispheres of Br-functionalized SiO 2 nanoparticles to stabilize a Pickering emulsion, whereby a brush-type Janus nanoparticle (SiO 2 @JNP) was developed. The polymer brushes were well-characterized, and the Janus feature was validated by transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation of the sole hemisphere grafting of SiO 2 -PS as a control sample. SiO 2 @JNP was demonstrated to be an efficient compatibilizer for a PS/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) immiscible blend, and the droplet-matrix morphology was significantly refined. The mechanical strength and toughness of the blend were synchronously enhanced at a low content SiO 2 @JNP optimized ~0.9 wt%, with the tensile strength, elongation at break and impact strength increased by 17.7%, 26.6% and 19.6%, respectively. This enhancement may be attributed to the entanglements between the grafted polymer brushes and individual components that improve the particle-bulk phase affinity and enforce interfacial adhesion.
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MICROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2025
·Vol. 192
·期 7
·1-12
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IF 5.3
Wang Long,Zhao Lingfan,Xu Liqing,Shen Yufei,Yuan Yajuan,Ge Na,Yang Xujin,Ge Wupeng
A novel magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) material, ferroferric oxide@UIO-66@ glycidyl methacrylate (Fe 3 O 4 @UIO-66@GMA), was developed for the rapid and efficient enrichment and detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in feed samples. The Fe 3 O 4 core provides magnetic properties for easy separation, while UIO-66, a zirconium-based metal–organic framework (MOF), offers a high surface area and abundant active sites for adsorption. The introduction of GMA enhances the interaction between the target toxin and the adsorbent material, improving the selectivity and sensitivity of the extraction process. Under optimized conditions, Fe 3 O 4 @UIO-66@GMA exhibited unparalleled adsorption performance, achieving efficient adsorption of AFB1 within 15 min and demonstrating an adsorption capacity as high as 18.51 mg/g. More importantly, spike recovery experiments indicated that this novel material could effectively enrich and detect AFB1 in complex feed matrices, providing a promising approach for AFB1 monitoring in the food and feed industry. Graphical
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
·
2025
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IF 3.9
Uddin Shahab,Ullah Inam,Liu Yiyao,Bai Lu,Duan Jiangong,Yue Zhaorong,Hui Li,Wang Xin,Li Yang,Jingli Zhu,Li Hongyu
Periodontitis is a progressive disease that is difficult to diagnose and treat. This causes pain, chewing difficulty, and ultimately teeth exfoliation, caused by harmful oral biofilms. The need for a rapid method for sample enrichment is essential for accurate diagnosis due to the presence of pathogenic bacteria in saliva at low concentrations. Novel vancomycin-grafted chitosan-coated magnetic nanocarriers (Vm-CS-MNCs) were made in this study. They effectively capture and extract DNA from gram-positive bacteria in saliva for PCR gene-sensing. The purpose of chitosan coating was to enhance biocompatibility and water solubility, while vancomycin acts as a universal probe to selectively target gram-positive bacteria ( Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213) . X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to validate the successful coating of chitosan and grafting of vancomycin onto magnetic nanocarriers. Significantly, Vm-CS-MNCs achieved a capture efficiency of over 95% at bacterial concentration as low as 10^1 CFU/mL within 20 min of enrichment. Finally, when coupled with PCR, Vm-CS-MNCs demonstrated significant pre-concentration ability for S. aureus in saliva, reducing the limit of detection (LOD) to 10 CFU/mL. This signifies a 1,000-times enhancement in diagnostic sensitivity as compared to PCR without pre-concentration. The bacterial capture ability of these nanocarriers enabled a highly sensitive pathogen gene-sensing method. Graphical abstract
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PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
·
2025
·Vol. 115
·期 6
·1-24
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IF 3.8
Wang Jing,Sun Shoujiang,Li Shuxia,Song Wenxue,Wang Xing,Guo Shuaiqi,Hu Xiaoya,Gao Xueqin,Fu Bingzhe
Drought is a major natural disaster that affects plant growth. Agropyron mongolicum possesses a wide range of drought tolerance genes acquired during its long evolution and adaptation to harsh environments. However, the regulatory mechanisms for drought resistance in A. mongolicum are complex, limiting the development and utilization of gene resources in response to drought stress. In this study, we examined differences in morphological, physiological, metabolite and transcript levels between the drought-tolerant (T) and drought-sensitive (S) genotypes of A. mongolicum to identify key metabolites and genes associated with the drought response. The morphological and physiological results suggest that the S genotype is suppressed by drought stress to a greater extent than the T genotype. Based on the metabolome and transcriptome data, we identified that serine/threonine-protein kinase SRK2 ( SRK2 ), peptide chain release factor subunit 1 ( eRF1 ), glutamine synthetase ( GS ), polyphenol oxidase ( PPO ), and aspartyl protease family protein ( ASP ) were highly correlated with key metabolites such as L-γ-glutamyl-L-leucine and γ-glutamylphenylalanine in leaves by co-expression network analysis, and alcohol-forming fatty acyl-CoA reductase ( FAR ), DNA oxidative demethylase ( ALKBH ), GDSL esterase/lipase ( GELP ), beta-fructofuranosidase ( INV ), and glutamine synthetase ( GS ) were highly correlated with key metabolites such as Trp-Glu-Ile and citric acid diglucoside in roots. Moreover, we identified the potential involvement of fatty acid degradation and glycolysis/glucogenesis pathways in the enhancement of drought tolerance in A. mongolicum . This study provides a foundation for genetic engineering studies of drought resistance in Poaceae plants.
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CELLULOSE
·
2025
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IF 4.8
Su Jiayun,Huang Minfeng,Zhang Linxin,Liu Yang,Zhang Xinxiang,Yu Yan,Yang Rilong
Wood surface superhydrophobic modification effectively mitigates liquid–water–induced shrinkage/swelling, enhancing dimensional stability. However, most researches focus on wood transverse sections due to inherent roughness, whereas few have achieved superhydrophobicity on environmentally exposed tangential surfaces. Furthermore, practical application of superhydrophobic wood remains challenging due to its poor interfacial stability. Herein, a scalable alkali etching strategy that partially removes hemicellulose/lignin to enhance roughness and active sites on wood tangential surfaces is proposed. Subsequent spraying of hydroxyapatite-polydimethylsiloxane (HAP-PDMS) composite solution forms a robust superhydrophobic coating. Etching-induced microcracks and voids facilitate nanoparticle anchoring, synergistically functioning with the cellular framework as a protective barrier to ensure exceptional durability. The modified surface can withstand mechanical abrasion, chemical corrosion, and UV exposure, retaining superhydrophobicity after 60-day outdoor aging. Notably, it exhibits autonomous self-healing: post seven abrasion-repair cycles, the water contact angle recovers to 142° (92.4% restoration efficiency). This work provides an economical route to engineer stable superhydrophobic tangential wood surfaces, extending product service life. Graphical abstract
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Nature Communications
·
2025
·Vol. 16
·期 1
·1-12
·
IF 15.7
Tian Ran,Zhang Tong,Dong Hao,Seim Inge,Yang Guang
Blubber is a hydrostatic pressure-resistant and insulating vascularized layer of subcutaneous adipose tissue beneath the skin found in cetaceans, pinnipeds, and sirenians. Little is known about the molecular genetics of blubber formation, and it is unclear when the blubber observed today began to develop during the evolution of the marine mammal groups. Here we screen for genes lost in cetaceans and find that ADRB3 (β 3 -adrenergic receptor), a gene essential for adipose tissue lipolysis and thermogenesis, acquired inactivating mutations in crown cetaceans 20 million years after its downstream effector uncoupling protein 1 ( UCP1 ) gained partial loss-of-function mutations in semi-aquatic stem cetaceans. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments indicate that cetacean ADRB3 is not functional, suggesting that crown cetaceans abolished cold-induced non-shivering thermogenesis to favor lipid storage for thermal insulation. Our study supports that cetacean blubber evolved stepwise along their transition to an aquatic environment and implies that ADRB3 loss was critical for the radiation and dispersal of toothed and baleen whales.
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Nature Communications
·
2025
·Vol. 16
·期 1
·1-15
·
IF 15.7
Sun Xichen,Zhu Pengqi,Tang Liuyan,Wang Pengfei,Li Ningning,Wang Qing,Lou Yan-Ru,Zhang Yuezhou,Li Peng
To tackle elevated blood glucose, multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections, and persistent inflammation in diabetic wounds, we present a therapeutic strategy that employs a photoswitch-controlled catalytic cascade reaction, utilizing a photocatalytic material engineered through the synergistic regulation of nitrogen vacancies and single-atom embedding. Under visible light illumination, the N vacancy exist in g-C 3 N 4 (CN) significantly enhances photocatalytic glucose oxidation to regulate the hyperglycemia condition at diabetic wound sites, and the atomically dispersed Cu promotes the generation of •OH and •O 2 – to efficiently eliminate MDR bacteria ( > 99.9%). Under dark conditions, excess ROS are scavenged by Cu/CN, reducing inflammation of wounds and promoting polarization of M2 macrophages. Serum biochemical and vital organs histopathological analyses after 14 days of treatment confirm the biosafety profile of Cu/CN. This photoswitchable cascade reaction effectively treats MDR bacterial-infected diabetic wounds in male mice, highlighting its potential for antibiotic-free therapy with promising clinical translation applications.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE
·
2025
·Vol. 36
·期 1
·1-16
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IF 4.5
Zhang Jing,Gao Dongdong,Zhu Shen,Chen Hao
Chemotherapy and photothermal therapy have demonstrated significant promise in the treatment of gastric cancer. A stable, effective, and safe photothermal agent is needed in this synergic system. Here, carbon quantum dots (CDs), an efficient photothermal agent, were first developed. By encapsulating CDs and the gastric cancer drug camptothecin (CT) in liposomes (Lip), a folic acid (FA)-targeted multifunctional photothermal nanosystem was rationally developed. To augment the photothermal performance and accelerate liposome cleavage for drug release, a NIR photothermal agent, indocyanine green (IG), was incorporated into the bilayer membranes. This built photothermal multifunctional nanosystem was triggered by an NIR laser and demonstrated payload-controlled release, in addition to exceptional performance with a photothermal conversion efficacy of up to 46.97%. The multifunctional photothermal nanosystem demonstrated superior cytocompatibility, stimuli-responsive drug release, improved tumor-specific targeting, and efficient cell death of NCI-N87 gastric cancer cells through multimodal synergic treatment. The effective development of this NIR-triggered, cell-targeted, photothermal, multifunctional nanosystem would enhance the therapeutic efficiency of gastric cancer therapy and offer a potential approach for designing and developing synergistic chemo-photothermal combination therapies.
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ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 3.8
Xu Heng-Yu,Jiang Zhi-Cai,Lu Cheng-Fei,Li Mao-Song,Chen Zhao-Ding,Liu Li-Lan,Xu Shu-Ting,Liu Bo,Hu Jun
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous toxic pollutants that pose significant risks to human health. However, because of their intrinsic non-polar properties, only moderate detection sensitivity can be achieved in the mass spectrometric detection of PAHs. In this work, we presented a novel electrochemically assisted derivatization nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ECAD-nESI-MS) method to permit the rapid and ultrasensitive analysis of PAHs in complicated samples. In ECAD-nESI-MS, the in situ electrochemical derivatization of PAHs with pyridine and the electrospray ionization are simultaneously activated by applying a high voltage onto the Pt electrode. Notably, the derivatization takes advantage of the inherent electrochemical aspect of electrospray ionization, that is, the electrooxidation of substrates in the positive-ion mode, thus requiring no extra electrochemical cell and potentiostat. Through the electrochemical derivatization of PAHs into the corresponding pyridinium ions, the ECAD-nESI-MS method achieved remarkably improved detection sensitivity, where the limit of detection (LOD) is 3~10 times lower than the state-of-the-art atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). With advantages in low detection limit, wide linear range, fast analysis speed (< 3 min per sample), and low sample consumption, we anticipate the wide application of the ECAD-nESI-MS method in the rapid and sensitive analysis of PAHs and their analogues. Graphical abstract
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CATALYSIS LETTERS
·
2025
·Vol. 155
·期 11
·1-10
·
IF 2.4
Jiang Shengjie,Wang Qi,Sun Gonggang,Li Xinbao
Developing highly active and stable non-precious-metal electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is essential for efficient green hydrogen production. However, monometallic catalysts exhibit poor stability and high overpotentials under high current densities. Therefore, the development of multi-metallic catalysts has become a focus of attention. Herein, we report a NiCoFeS/NF catalyst that exhibits higher OER activity in alkaline solution compare with commercial RuO 2 -based catalysts. The synthesized NiCoFeS/NF catalyst delivers a current density of 100 mA cm − 2 at a low overpotential of 280 mV and exhibits a Tafel slope of 49 mV dec − 1 , reflecting its favorable kinetics. Furthermore, the NiCoFeS/NF catalyst exhibited a long-term stability over 120 h, ensuring its potential for practical applications. Detailed characterizations revealed that sulfur incorporation not only creates additional active sites but also induces the self-unfolding of nanoparticles into nanosheets, thereby enlarging the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA). Graphical
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