ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
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2025
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IF 7.3
Yan Lei,Chengqi Feng,Jinhang Yang,Chenkai Jin,Yifei Huang,Juncheng Huang,Haining Na,Jin Zhu
The conversion of nonfood biomass to sugar resources is crucial for sustainable development and carbon neutrality in chemical manufacturing. A strategy with synergically enhanced adsorption and restricted acidic groups was proposed to construct dual capable solid acids (BP@HTC) for cellulose to sugar. A precise plan coupled with low acid and programmed temperature (0.01 M H2SO4; 200 °C, 1 h/130 °C, 1 h) to fit for the activation energies in different stages of cellulose hydrolysis with BP@HTC is preferred. An 86.95% cellulose conversion and 87.24% refinement-free fermentable sugars are obtained. An 80.82% cellulose conversion and 92.18% sugar selectivity can also be maintained after 30 cycles of hydrolysis. The concentrated hydrolysate directly substitutes commercial glucose for 5-aminolevulinic acid fermentation with Corynebacterium glutamicum. This study finally provides a methodology for depolymerization and fermentation cascading reactions of nonfood biomass, which is expected to be a potential solution for the sustainable development of nonfood biomass.
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POLYMER COMPOSITES
·
2025
·
IF 4.7
Yi Ding,Yu Bai,Tianci Wang,Zan Gao,Yinong Gao,Xiao Wang,Bingyang Li,Pengfei Wang,Chunai Dai,Xin Wang,Zhen Li
Liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) has emerged as a promising candidate for energy absorption applications, leveraging the unique coupling between the director reorientation of liquid crystal mesogens and the viscoelastic properties of polymer networks. However, achieving synergistic enhancements in mechanical properties (e.g., strength, toughness) alongside energy absorption capabilities remains a significant challenge in current research. This study utilizes oleic acid-modified cellulose nanocrystals (OCNCs) to reinforce LCE through a dual-linking mechanism that involves both physical entanglement and nanoscale cross-linking sites, providing a novel solution to this problem. Mechanical tests indicate that the strength and energy-absorbing properties of OCNCs-doped LCE (OCNCs-LCE) composites are enhanced by more than 10-fold compared to pure LCE while maintaining tensile elasticity. Notably, the compressive strength of OCNCs-LCE is significantly higher than that of pure LCE, with its maximum number of compression cycles exceeding 680, demonstrating excellent toughness and fatigue resistance. In addition, impact tests demonstrate that under the same impact energy, the energy absorption performance of OCNCs-LCE is more than twice that of pure LCE. Vibration tests exhibit that OCNCs-LCE shows superior internal damping. Falling steel ball impact tests further verify its practical ability to absorb impact energy and protect fragile items from damage.
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CELLULOSE
·
2025
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IF 4.8
Wan Jiqiang,Li Guozheng,Liu Zongxi,Chen Zhangyan,Ma Xiaohua,Jia Zhenglei,Tian Haiying,Zhang Jialiang,Lu Ping,Gao Mingqi,Wang Zonghua
Excessive nitrite has posed serious threats to the environment, human beings, and public security. In this work, multicolor cellulose-based fluorescent probes were prepared from the cellulose-based polymeric sensitizer and rare-earth metal ions for nitrite detection. The sensitizer contained two typical groups: terpyridine and quaternary ammonium. Terpyridine sensitized rare-earth metal ions, while quaternary ammonium granted good water solubility and intrinsic blue fluorescence to the cellulose-based fluorescent materials. The emission spectra of the fluorescent materials can be finely regulated by adjusting the concentration of rare-earth metal ions, resulting in different luminescent materials with blue, green, red and white fluorescence. This is a feature unattainable with conventional single-signal probes. A colorimetric approach based on the intrinsic blue fluorescence of quaternary ammonium and the sensitized rare-earth metal ions was established to detect nitrite in different modes. The materials exhibited exceptional performance, including a low detection limit of 12.4 μM (surpassing the WHO guideline of 65.22 μM for nitrite in drinking water) and high selectivity among 13 anions. With their exceptional specificity, low limit of detection, and convenient operation, these ratiometric probes show great potential for applications in food safety assessment, drinking water quality monitoring, and environmental monitoring.
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ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2025
·
IF 4.7
Xuran Xu,Luyu Yang,Xuebao Xiong,Yanan Zhang,Junhong Liu,Yubing Hu
The rapid development of moisture-responsive actuators has attracted considerable research attention in fields such as flexible electronics and soft robotics. However, the fabrication of robust cellulose-based actuators with superior mechanical strength and excellent moisture responsiveness remains a significant challenge. Herein, inspired by the adhesive properties of mussels, we developed a homogeneous moisture-responsive actuator (BCNF/PDA) by integrating bacterial cellulose nanofibers (BCNF) with polydopamine (PDA). The catechol and amino groups in PDA form strong interactions with BCNF through multiple covalent and noncovalent bonds, endowing the resulting actuator with high tensile strength (336 MPa), a high Young’s modulus (7.12 GPa), excellent toughness (12.4 MJ m–3), and rapid hygroscopic actuation performance. Owing to the fast moisture adsorption/desorption capabilities of BCNF and PDA, an effective moisture gradient is established within the actuator, enabling stable and rapid hygroscopic deformation. Consequently, the actuator exhibits a fast response, large deformation (133°), and high actuation force output (9.3 N m–2). Furthermore, its feasibility as a mechanical arm, smart switch and smart curtain for moisture control was demonstrated in a prototype device, highlighting the great potential of this type of actuator for practical applications.
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POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2025
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IF 7.4
Guangming Sun,Jieyu Wei,Hejun Li,Tian Li,Hui Xu,Fayu Sun,Guangxian Zhang
The incorporation of flame retardants into regenerated cellulose spinning solutions is a crucial approach for producing flame-retardant regenerated cellulose fibers. However, this method often encounters challenges such as poor compatibility and inadequate dispersion of the flame retardants within the matrix. In this study, a novel flame retardant (P-TSDPAH) was synthesized using ordinary materials such as tetramethylphosphonium sulfate, dimethyl phosphite, and ammonia solution. The P-TSDPAH contains a lot of -NH- bonds, exhibits compatibility with cellulose and N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO), and remains good dispersion in the cellulose spinning solution. SEM analysis revealed that the P-TSDPAH was uniformly distributed within the FR-fiber 15 % without aggregation, and EDS results confirmed the presence of substantial phosphorus content. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of characteristic P-C-O, C N, and N H structures within the FR-fiber 15 %. XRD analysis revealed an enhanced crystallinity in the FR-fiber 15 % upon incorporation of the P-TSDPAH. Compared with pure regenerated cellulose fibers, the peak heat release rate and total heat release of FR-fiber 15 % were reduced by 88.61 % and 30.50 %, respectively, while the char residue at 700 °C increased by 142.79 %. TG and TG-IR analyses demonstrated the flame retardancy of the FR-fiber 15 %, revealing condensed-phase flame retardant mechanism, while limiting oxygen index (LOI) remained at 35.0 % even after 50 washing cycles (NFPA 2112–2012 standard), demonstrating durable performance. Additionally, the incorporation of the P-TSDPAH enhanced the mechanical properties of the regenerated cellulose fibers, which the relative breaking strength and elongation increased by 31.16 % and 48.05 %, respectively. Therefore, the synthesized P-TSDPAH demonstrates application potential for developing durable flame-retardant regenerated cellulose fibers.
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Materials Horizons
·
2025
·
IF 10.7
Jing Zhang,Yujun Wei,Penghui Chen,Zhijian Huang,Qixu Yu,Jing Tan,Hongzhen Zeng,Shudong Yu
Solar-driven interfacial evaporation has emerged as a promising strategy to produce freshwater via seawater desalination. While cellulose-based photothermal materials have garnered significant attention in solar steam generation, conventional surface modification techniques (e.g., coating and carbonization) often suffer from cumbersome preparation and limited design flexibility. This study pioneers a non-destructive laser-processing strategy to simultaneously induce spatially controlled graphene domains and iron oxide nanostructures on chemically modified cellulose matrices. Through synergistic integration of broadband light absorption (~93.28% solar-weighted absorptance) with hierarchical water channels, the two-dimensional evaporator achieves exceptional evaporation performance (1.62 kg m⁻² h⁻¹, 98.97% efficiency) under 1 sun irradiation. Remarkably, the evaporation performance elevates to 1.82 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ when configured into a three-dimensional architecture via simple single folding. Detailed characterizations reveal that laser-induced carbothermal reduction generates iron oxide-graphene composite as light absorbers, while preserving cellulose's inherent hydrophilicity for rapid capillary pumping. Notably, the engineered architecture demonstrates enhanced mechanical robustness (234% improvement in tensile strength) and programmable foldability, expanding applicability across diverse desalination scenarios. This laser-direct-writing paradigm establishes a sustainable pathway for developing next-generation cellulose-based solar evaporators.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Peng Du,Yongjian Xu,Meng Zhu,Jian Wang,Lulu Ning,Yuheng Zhang
The melt-blown fabric of the middle layer in medical protective filtration equipment is typically challenged by insufficient antibacterial properties and a short filtration time. To overcome these issues, we developed a kind of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based on a cellulose-based composite filter layer. Specifically, cellulose fibers (CFs) were used as raw material to obtain the final product named PFOTES/ZIF-8@PGCFs through esterification, in-situ polymerization of pyrrole (Py), doping ZIF-8, and grafting triethoxy-1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-tridecafluoro-n-octylsilane (PFOTES). Characterization methods including FT-IR, XRD, and EDS confirmed the successful modification without disturbing the cellulose-I β structure. The PFOTES/ZIF-8@PGCFs were applied to the surface of porous and high-breathable base paper through a paper-forming process to create the composite filter layer. Its tensile index and zero-distance tensile strength were 33.39 N∙m∙g −1 and 30.05 N/cm (ROL: 25.55 N/cm/s), respectively, which met the mechanical properties benchmark of melt-blown fabric. Additionally, the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and transfer charge of TENG assembled by PFOTES/ZIF-8@PGCFs composite filter layer and P V DF layer at 1.50 Hz and 15.00 N were 66.76 V, 1.34 μA, and 12.51 nC, respectively. The inhibition zone width of the composite filter layer against E. coli and S. aureus was 3.00 mm and 1.50 mm, respectively. Furthermore, when the assembled TENG was fabricated into medical protective filtration equipment, the real-time voltage of TENG was stable and about 10 V during the wearer breathed normally, the filtration efficiency of TENG against PM sized 2.50 μm, 0.50 μm and 0.30 μm was ≥99.00 %, which was the synergistic removal results of physical interception and electrostatic adsorption. And it can be completely degraded after 300 days. This antibacterial filtration material presents a promising alternative to the traditional melt-blown fabric.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Zhen Huang,Penghao Sun,Mingyue Sun,Yueyue Zhu,He Liu,Xu Xu
Cellulose, while a promising eco-friendly plastic alternative, suffers from inherently poor plasticity that restricts its applications. To overcome this, a cellulose-based hydroplastic material was developed, using cellulose as a structural framework reinforced by a primary-secondary dual-network structure—comprising imine bonds and hydrogen bonds. This unique design enables reversible transitions between a water-triggered “plastic state” and a robust “stable state”. Consequently, the material achieves exceptional mechanical strength (tensile strength: 93.3 MPa, surpassing most commercial plastics) alongside reprogrammable processability, allowing arbitrary 2D-to-3D shape transformations under mild conditions. It also exhibits outstanding structural stability, maintaining its shape integrity for over 200 days at 80 % relative humidity. Furthermore, the material demonstrates superior multifunctionality, including thermal stability, UV resistance, solvent resistance, antibacterial properties, intrinsic self-healing capability, and facile recyclability. Critically, it retains an eco-friendly profile, undergoing complete degradation within 90 days when buried in soil. This work provides novel insights for designing high-performance, multifunctional hydroplastic materials from sustainable cellulose, offering a viable pathway towards replacing conventional plastics.
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FIBERS AND POLYMERS
·
2025
·
IF 2.3
Qu Sitian,Lin Tao,Yin Xuefeng,Xing Luyi,Li Chenyang,Peng Guoqiang
The rapid advancement of information technology has led to an increase in electromagnetic interference (EMI) issues, as electronic devices are now widely utilized, requiring materials with greater versatility. This study developed an efficient preparation method utilizing alternating vacuum filtration (AVF) technology to overcome this issue. Through the precise control of the deposition sequence of cellulose nanofibers (CNF)/Na-bentonite (NB) and MXene conductive layers, this study successfully prepared CNF/NB–MXene composite films with a well-structured alternating layered structure. The composite film exhibited a distinctive "brick–mortar" architecture, imparting favorable mechanical properties (i.e., 8.17 MPa tensile strength). Measuring 41 μm thick, the composite film exhibited a conductivity of 189.6 S m –1 , along with EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of 34.3 dB and SE per unit thickness (SE/t) of 8365.85 dB cm –1 in the X-band. Furthermore, the composite film demonstrated a high limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 36.5% and a residual carbon content exceeding 70%, which indicated exceptional flame retardancy. Consequently, the alternating layered composite film exhibited superior EMI performance and flame-retardant performance, making it particularly advantageous in harsh environments such as high temperatures.
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ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2025
·
IF 4.7
Wanting Zhang,Tian Xia,Shiyun Zhou,Mengmeng Guo,Wei Zhang,Peng Zhu
High-strength electrochemical corrosion-resistant materials hold significant application value in marine engineering and construction sectors. In this study, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) extracted from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) via sulfuric acid hydrolysis were incorporated into polyurethane (PU) through in situ polymerization to systematically investigate the effects of CNC addition timing (soft segment, hard segment, chain extender, and prepolymer stages) on material properties. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) relaxation analysis revealed that introducing CNC during the prepolymer stage most dramatically enhanced molecular chain rigidity, as evidenced by the most pronounced relaxation decay. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed that CNC incorporation significantly increased the hydrogen bonding index (HBI), with later addition stages yielding greater HBI enhancement. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) further demonstrated that prepolymer-stage CNC addition substantially improved dynamic cross-linking density, thereby endowing the composites with superior mechanical performance. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements showed a remarkable 2–4 orders of magnitude increase in impedance modulus for all PU/CNC composites, validating CNC’s corrosion protection efficacy.
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Nature Communications
·
2025
·Vol. 16
·期 1
·9970
·
IF 15.7
Li Xiaona,Tong Zhihan,Qiu Yuxuan,Zheng Zihao,Zeng Suqing,Zhao Dawei,Yu Haipeng
Cellulose-based ionogels are promising for flexible electronics and energy devices, yet their performance is often constrained by the trade-offs among mechanical robustness, ionic conductivity, and thermal stability. Here, we propose a synergistic strategy that integrates dual-ions complexation with crystallization-induced molecular assembly to fabricate a cellulose ionogel. This strategy results in a comprehensive ionogel (noted as Cry-gel) with high mechanical strength (2.3 MPa in tension and 5.3 MPa in compression) and high ionic conductivity (96.8 mS cm −1 ). Moreover, the Cry-gel can maintain impressive structural stability across a temperature range of −40 to 80 °C. Flexible thermoelectric devices and smart sensors derived from Cry-gels demonstrate a voltage of 0.28 V at a temperature gradient of 60 K, an impressive Seebeck coefficient of 6 mV K −1 , and high sensitivity to pressure, temperature, touch, and human pulse. This work provides a paradigm for creating multifunctional sustainable materials, effectively bridging the gap between high-performance ionogels and their applications in cutting-edge bioelectronics and energy harvesting systems.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2025
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IF 8.5
Yuntao Liang,Xiaolong Cai,Yan Liu,Zhenglong He,Yong Sun,Shuanglin Song
Ion-conductive hydrogels have emerged as the promising candidate materials for flexible sensors due to their high ion migration efficiency and rapid responsiveness. However, achieving synergistic optimization of the mechanical, electrical and sensing properties of ion-conductive hydrogels remains a challenge. This study synthesized a dual-network ion-conductive hydrogel (PCN) via an in-situ thermal radical polymerization method. This hydrogel is formed through multiple cross-linking mechanisms involving covalent bonds, ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds. The optimal hydrogel (PCN-30) exhibits outstanding mechanical properties across a broad strain and temperature range (938 % tensile strain, 0.23 MPa tensile strength) and sensing performance (its relative resistance change exhibits good linearity with both tensile strain and temperature variation. For tensile strains of 10–300 %, the average gauge factor ( GF ¯ ) reaches 1.71. During temperature rise (15–45 °C) and drop (−35–15 °C) processes, GF ¯ are 2.46 and 1.63, respectively). Additionally, PCN-30 as a sensor enables rapid and precise motion and vital sign sensing as well as information transmission. This work highlights that the hydrogel combines the environmental adaptability over a wide temperature range and the sensitive response capability within a wide strain range, greatly promoting its practical application in the field of human-computer interaction.
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