CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
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2026
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IF 3.5
Jiayi Zheng,Xianlong Wang,Wenye Xue,Lei Zhong,Xuliang Lin,Fangbao Fu,Liheng Chen,Yanlin Qin,Xueqing Qiu
Lignin-derived porous carbon materials are promising electrode materials for supercapacitors owing to its tunable structure and excellent electrochemical properties. In this study, lignin (L EG and L PG ) was extracted using deep eutectic solvent (DES) and prepared into hierarchical porous carbon electrodes (CL EG and CL PG ) for supercapacitors. A systematic comparison of the structures and properties of both the lignins and the derived carbons was conducted. The results indicate that L EG , which has higher hydroxyl content, more abundant conjugated structure and β-O-4 linkage, was successfully converted into CL EG with an extremely high specific surface area (3096 m 2 ·g -1 ) and rich hierarchical porous structure under the synergistic effect of magnesium oxide as template agent and potassium acetate as chemical activator. Consequently, CL EG exhibits a high specific capacitance of 386.0 F·g -1 at 1 A·g -1 with excellent rate performance. The assembled symmetrical supercapacitor device achieved an energy density of 14.6 Wh·kg -1 at a power density of 250 W·kg -1 in 6 M KOH electrolyte solution, and maintained 88.3% capacitance after 12,000 cycles. This research provides a new strategy for designing high-performance carbon electrode materials from lignin.
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Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2026
·Vol. 14
·期 5
·123692
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IF 7.5
Yingying Fang,Yongkang Qiu,Yuyang Xi,Liang Si,Wei Wang,Weijun Peng,Yijun Cao
Lead (Pb) contamination in wastewater poses a persistent environmental challenge. Developing effective, sustainable adsorbents from renewable resources is a key goal of cleaner production. Herein, a bio‑based organic–inorganic composite hydrogel (I‑Hydrogel) was constructed using amino‑functionalized montmorillonite nanosheets (AMMT) combined with lignin (a renewable aromatic polymer), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and polyethyleneimine (PEI). In this design, AMMT provided inorganic adsorption-active sites, while the PVA/PEI network served as a three-dimensional scaffold to immobilize lignin and AMMT, generating a hierarchically porous framework enriched with nitrogen- and oxygen-containing functionalities. The optimized hydrogel exhibited a maximum Pb(II) adsorption capacity of 190.22 mg/g. The adsorption process was better described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models and was thermodynamically favorable and endothermic within the investigated temperature range. Spectroscopic analyses indicated that Pb(II) uptake originated from a synergistic mechanism involving cation exchange at clay-associated sites and coordination interactions with amino, imine, hydroxyl, and other oxygen-containing groups in the hybrid network. This work demonstrates an effective strategy for integrating functional clay nanosheets with renewable bio‑based components into recoverable adsorbent platforms, offering a sustainable materials design approach that aligns with cleaner production principles for heavy‑metal removal from aqueous systems.
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GREEN CHEMISTRY
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2026
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IF 10.6
Hong Liao,Wenjun Ying,Junjun Zhu,Huayou Chen,Junhua Zhang
Aromatic naphthol additives offer a scalable way to regulate biphasic pretreatment through phase-selective partitioning, enabling simultaneous lignin valorization into photofunctional lignin and efficient hemicellulose conversion within a single processing step. In a glycolic acid/pentanol system for poplar, partitioning analysis showed that 2-naphthol and 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid were enriched in the pentanol phase. At 20 mM, both additives only mildly influenced aqueous-phase xylan hydrolysis, and xylan to xylooligosaccharides (XOS) selectivity was retained, with XOS yields remaining at 46.2–47.5%. This phase-selective partitioning directed lignin reactions toward arylation-type stabilization pathways, while delignification increased from 75.3% to 88.5–90.3%, surface lignin coverage on the solids decreased by 24%, and glucose yields after enzymatic hydrolysis rose from 79.1% to 90.3–92.6%. NMR spectroscopy showed near-complete loss of β-O-4 linkages (from 56.3% to 1.4–2.4%), attenuation of condensed phenolic structures, and clear naphthalene resonances indicative of naphthol incorporation. The resulting lignin fractions exhibited solvent-tunable autofluorescence, with a quantum yield of up to 14% in tetrahydrofuran, attributable to π-conjugation extension and rigidification that suppress nonradiative decay. This photofunctional lignin holds significant potential for applications in biobased fluorescent coatings. This approach establishes a novel route for the co-production of high-value photofunctional lignin and sugars from lignocellulose, transforming a traditional biorefinery waste stream into a structurally engineered optical material.
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ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
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2026
·
IF 19.9
Yibo Gao,Jintian Zhong,Xiongxian Lyu,Binjie Jin,Weifeng Liu,Xueqing Qiu
The development of smart actuators that integrate robust mechanical properties with rapid responsiveness remains a critical challenge for advancing artificial muscles. To address this, this study incorporates lignin—a renewable resource—into liquid crystalline elastomer (LCE) to fabricate a high-performance photothermal-responsive artificial muscle material. By leveraging the inherent aromatic conjugated structure of lignin as an efficient photothermal unit, we successfully integrated it with mesogens to construct a liquid crystalline network featuring a nanoscale microphase-separated architecture. This network incorporates lignin-based phenolic carbamate bonds and disulfide bonds concurrently, forming a dual dynamic crosslinking architecture that significantly enhances the mechanical properties of LCE, achieving a tensile strength of 21.5 MPa and an elongation at break exceeding 754%, thereby substantially surpassing conventional single-network LCEs. It also confers outstanding photothermal response, enabling rapid, self-actuated reversible deformation (33% strain). As a light-driven artificial muscle, it achieves 40% reversible strain and 30.0 kJ/m 3 output power density. This work presents a novel strategy for developing high-performance light-driven LCEs through the integration of biomass lignin as both a reinforcing phase and an intrinsic photothermal converter. This approach not only enhances the material's performance but also offers promising pathways for the design and fabrication of next-generation soft robots and artificial muscles.
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Journal of Energy Chemistry
·
2026
·
IF 15.6
Yun Tian,Menghao Jiang,Jinxing Long
Developing in-situ catalysts featuring good activity for lignin hydrogenolysis is highly desirable, yet remains a great challenge. In this work, we proposed an efficient strategy for selective hydrodeoxygenation of lignin to a versatile petrochemical of alkylcyclohexanol (ACH) using the in-situ Ru nanoparticles anchored on MgO-modified TS-1. The results demonstrated that, with HRO 5 -MgO 20 @TS-1 catalyst, a total monomer yield of 36.4% was shown from the one-pot cascade process of lignin hydrogenolysis and phenolics hydrodeoxygenation. Importantly, 55.8% of obtained monomers were identified as ACH (20.2% yield), which has been widely used as an oxygenated fuel, solvent, and intermediate for functionalized materials. Intensive catalyst characterizations using TEM, XPS, and XAFS revealed that the highly dispersed in-situ Ru 0 species, together with the suitable acid-base properties, are responsible for the superior catalytic performance of HRO 5 -MgO 20 @TS-1 in lignin depolymerization. In addition, a plausible reaction pathway for ACH formation has been proposed, according to the results of comparative characterization of raw and regenerated lignin, and the performance of lignin model conversion. Therefore, this work provides a new insight into producing value-added alkylcyclohexanol from the renewable lignin.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2026
·
IF 8.7
Jitao Huang,Xuemei Li,Chi Zhang,Xinyi Yang,Hao Xie,Changchun Li,Bo Xiong,Jianying Yu,Bianyang He,Lei Zhu
Lignin (LG) is widely incorporated into chitosan (CS) via physical blending to increase adsorption sites and thereby enhance dye removal. However, chemical grafting of LG onto CS has received limited attention due to persistent doubts about its superiority over physical blending and unclear the synergistic mechanism. Herein, we demonstrate a diisocyanate-mediated strategy to graft LG onto CS for enhancing the adsorption capacity of methylene blue (MB) by hyperconjugation-driven: the synergistic effects of expanded adsorption sites, strengthened binding affinity, and establishment of a benzene-dominated σ → π ⁎ hyperconjugation system. Specifically, LG-diisocyanate-CS (LG-D-CS) composites were successfully formed via covalent bonding with three different diisocyanates, which exhibited improved dispersion and hydrophobicity owing to the introduction of lipophilic groups compared to CS. Subsequently, LG-diphenylmethane diisocyanate-CS (LG-M-CS) was then evaluated for MB adsorption. Comprehensive isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic analyses confirmed that LG-M-CS (132.279 mg/g) showed four-fold boost in adsorption capacity than CS (32.514 mg/g). Furthermore, molecular simulations (MS) were performed to elucidate the adsorption mechanism, encompassing HOMO-LUMO energy gaps, molecular electrostatic potentials (MEP), Bond dissociation energy (BDE), binding energies, mean square displacements (MSD) and radial distribution functions (RDF). The results revealed benzene-rich LG and MDI segments dramatically proposed more adsorption sites, stronger intrinsic affinity, enhanced electron-donating capability and intensified π-cation interactions, providing the microscopic evidence of this electronic effect in bio-based adsorbents. This finding establishes hyperconjugation as a powerful new design principle for dramatically boosting the dye removal performance of renewable polysaccharide adsorbents.
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
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2026
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IF 5.4
Xin Lei,Meining Li,Yueguang Wang,Yang Li,Zhenfu Zhu,Chengrong Wen,Di Zhang,Jie Pang
This work introduced paper industry by-product dealkalized lignin (DL) as a natural modifier into the konjac glucomannan (KGM) system to overcome the deficiencies of KGM, such as poor mechanical properties and weak ultraviolet (UV)-blocking performance, addressing the urgent demand for renewable and biodegradable functional materials in packaging. Through the chemical crosslinking action of epichlorohydrin (EPI), the effects of DL content (0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% w/v) on the microstructure, thermal stability, mechanical properties, gas barrier properties, antioxidant activity, UV-blocking properties, and biodegradability of the composite films were systematically investigated. The results showed that EPI could successfully promote the formation of a stable three-dimensional (3D) network structure between KGM and DL, particularly at 0.3% (w/v) DL content. When the DL concentration was 0.5%, the ductility of the composite films was significantly enhanced, with a maximum elongation at break (EAB) of 57.61%. In addition, the antioxidant activities (ABTS radical scavenging rate: 85.83%) and UV-blocking properties of the composite films were remarkably improved. Experiments on fresh-cut eggplants preservation further confirmed that the KGM/DL films effectively delayed weight loss, hardness reduction, total phenolic content (TPC) reduction, and lipid peroxidation of eggplants, demonstrating good application potential. Therefore, this study provides an effective strategy for the high-value utilization of industrial by-products and the development of new green materials.
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Waste and Biomass Valorization
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2026
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IF 3.1
Huang Yue,Li Lifeng,Ruan Tao,Ouyang Xinping
The catalytic conversion of lignin derivatives into specific chemicals represents a key pathway for achieving high-valued utilization of biomass. A new Ag–Co 0 /Fe 0.04 Co 0.96 O catalyst was constructed for the selective demethoxylation of vanillic acid derived from lignin depolymerization to produce p-Hydroxybenzoic acid. Compared to Ag–Co 0 /CoO, Fe doping suppressed Co reduction, endowing the Ag–Co 0 /Fe 0.04 Co 0.96 O catalyst with suitable hydrogenation activity and more abundant acidic sites. The hydrogen spillover effect inhibited decarboxylation, dehydroxylation, and benzene ring hydrogenation during the demethoxylation reaction. Oxyphilic Fe species changed the adsorption geometry of vanillic acid from parallel adsorption into twist configuration, avoiding the hydrogenation of benzene ring, and thereby improving the demethoxylation selectivity to p-Hydroxybenzoic acid. By optimizing catalyst preparation and reaction conditions to minimize decarboxylation and over-hydrogenation byproducts, the Ag–Co 0 /Fe 0.04 Co 0.96 O catalyst contributed to a 98.52% conversion of vanillic acid and a 89.62% selectivity to p-Hydroxybenzoic acid under 0.4 MPa H 2 , 0.4 MPa CO 2 at 220 °C for 2 h. This research provided a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the catalytic demethoxylation of phenolic acids, offering new insights into high-valued utilization pathways for biomass. Graphical
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ACS Applied Nano Materials
·
2026
·Vol. 9
·期 27
·13085-13097
·
IF 5.8
Xu Haotian,Sun Shichen,Xia Yuchao,Wang Chengyu,Liu Yanbo,Huan Siqi
Electrospun photocatalytic membranes have attracted significant
attention for wastewater treatment due to their high specific surface
area and structural tunability. However, the insufficient interfacial
stability between catalysts and substrates often leads to nanoparticle
detachment and performance deterioration during repeated use. In this
work, a sustainable Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 )/Kraft lignin
(KL)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite nanofibrous membrane was fabricated
via an electrospinning-assisted in situ hydrothermal strategy. KL
serving as a green functional template, provides abundant anchoring
and nucleation sites, enabling the uniform growth of TiO 2 nanoparticles. The synergistic integration of KL and TiO 2 not only enhances the interfacial stability and mechanical strength
of the membrane but also broadens the light absorption range. The
optimized TiO 2 /KL/ P 4 ¯ membrane exhibited
a Rhodamine B removal efficiency of 90.5% within 2 h and a reaction
rate constant 2.8× higher than of TiO 2 /PAN. In addition,
the membrane maintained a removal efficiency above 81.8% after five
consecutive cycles, demonstrating excellent reusability and structural
stability. This work provides a sustainable strategy for the valorization
of lignin toward the design of high-performance and durable photocatalytic
materials for environmental remediation.
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BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
·
2026
·
IF 7
Wenjun Ying,Xudong Li,Sisi Wang,Junhua Zhang,Qiang Yong
Low-dose thiourea enhanced p -TsOH delignification of bamboo by 24.6%. • Thiourea increased total β- O -4 retention from 35.6% to 79.3%. • Thiourea improved the glucose yield from 71.4% to 87.5%. • Enzymatic hydrolysis residue was upgraded into S-doped HC and S/N-doped CQDs. Acid pretreatment improves cellulose accessibility and promotes lignin removal, but reactive benzylic intermediates often induce lignin condensation and redeposition, limiting enzymatic hydrolysis and lignin valorization. In this work, low-dosage thiourea was introduced into a p -toluenesulfonic acid ( p -TsOH) system to nucleophilically stabilize dissolved and residual lignin intermediates while introducing S/N functionalities. The addition of thiourea increased the lignin removal from 62.1% for PTB to 77.4% for PTSN1%B and the glucose yield from 71.4% to 87.5%, while increasing total β-O-4 retention of recovered lignin from 35.6% to 79.3%. After enzymatic hydrolysis, the lignin-rich residue was converted by one-pot hydrothermal treatment into hydrochar and carbon quantum dots. The introduction of S functionalities into hydrochar increased the maximum methylene blue adsorption capacity from 87.6 mg/g for HC-C to 115.1 mg/g for HC-SN while the incorporation of S/N functionalities into carbon quantum dots enhanced blue-green fluorescence intensity from 100000 to 400000 a. u. This work provides an integrated route for suppressing lignin condensation, improving carbohydrate conversion, and upgrading enzymatic hydrolysis residue into functional carbon materials in a bamboo biorefinery. Download: Download high-res image (411KB) Download: Download full-size image
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ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2026
·
IF 5.2
Luo Yanpeng,Cheng Jinyuan,Fang Guigan,Fatehi Pedram,Zhao Mengke,Wang Xiaofa,Shao Xinyi,Zhang Sufeng,Wu Ting
Replacing
petroleum-derived polyols with lignin in polyurethane
foams is essential for increasing renewable carbon utilization but
is hindered by lignin’s heterogeneity, poor solubility, and
limited reactivity. Here, we report a hydrogen-bond-engineered, eutectic-like
polyol platform based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) and salicylic acid
(SA), with ethylene carbonate (EC) as a cosolvent, enabling high lignin
incorporation in the polyurethane foam formulation while maintaining
its processability. Structural and thermal analyses confirm the formation
of a homogeneous amorphous system, in which EC disrupts intermolecular
interactions and enhances chain mobility, reducing the viscosity of
the foam formulation to industrially relevant levels (<5 Pa·s).
This platform enables the direct substitution of up to 80 wt % of
the petroleum-based polyol with kraft lignin, without chemical modification,
in the foam formulation. The resulting foams exhibit uniform closed-cell
morphology with reduced cell size (287 ± 154 μm), enhanced
network integration, improved compressive strength (0.26 MPa) and
hydrophobicity, and increased thermal stability. Notably, the foams
with a high lignin content demonstrate delayed heat penetration under
external heating conditions, which is associated with the formation
of stable closed-cell structures. This one-pot, room-temperature strategy
provides a promising pathway toward the scalable development of high-lignin
polyurethane foams with substantially increased renewable carbon content.
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PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
·
2026
·
IF 7.9
Yanling Huang,Tian Xia,Naike Wang,Wei Zhang
A synergistic two-step strategy integrating molecular end-capping with biomass filler reinforcement was developed to overcome the inherent trade-offs among mechanical strength, water resistance, and corrosion protection in polyurethane (PU) coatings. Maleimide end-capping agents with different structures were systematically screened, and 4-hydroxyphenylmaleimide (4-HPM) was identified as optimal, yielding the highest hydrogen-bonding index (HBI = 4.11) and balanced mechanical properties (tensile strength of 14.70 MPa and elongation at break of 1412%). Alkaline lignin (AL), an industrial by-product from pulping processes, was then introduced as a renewable hydrogen-bond reinforcing filler into the 4-HPM-capped PU matrix. At an optimal loading of 1wt.‰, AL achieved uniform dispersion and provided supplementary hydrogen-bonding sites, increasing crosslinking density and hard-segment order. The resulting composite (PUM-1) exhibited a tensile strength of 30.44 MPa, an elongation at break of 1232%, a water contact angle of 84.7°, and a low-frequency impedance modulus of 1.94 × 10 10 Ω·cm 2 , with long-term stability in salt spray tests. Excessive AL loading (≥5wt.‰) caused aggregation and hydrophilic defects, disrupting the network. Notably, maximization of structural parameters (HBI = 5.55) did not translate to optimal corrosion protection; balanced dispersion and crosslinking uniformity governed long-term performance. This work establishes quantitative design rules for biomass-reinforced high-performance anticorrosion coatings.
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