JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE
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2025
·Vol. 90
·期 8
·e70466
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IF 3.4
Li Ran,Yongjun Wu,Jing Jin,Lincheng Zhang,Cen Li,Shuoqiu Tong,Feng Wen,ZhongHui Mou
The globalization of food culture has driven the growth of the flavor market, with Bacillus subtilis- fermented soybean products widely used as traditional Asian condiments due to their distinctive soy sauce-like aroma. However, the molecular mechanism underlying aroma formation remains incompletely understood. Building on previous systematic multi-omics studies, this study identifies a key role for l -threonine catabolism in regulating pyrazine biosynthesis. Using homologous recombination, we performed targeted knockouts of the tdh and kbl genes to generate single mutants (BJ3-2Δ tdh and BJ3-2Δ kbl ) and a double mutant (BJ3-2Δ tdh - kbl ). Headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS), along with sensory evaluation, revealed that the tdh knockout drastically reduced 2,5-dimethylpyrazine (2,5-DMP) levels by 96.79%. The double knockout achieved a 97.73% reduction and completely eliminated 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine (EDMP). Interestingly, the kbl knockout alone enhanced 2,5-DMP production by 65.34%, and the odor activity value of EDMP increased to 10.50. Exogenous supplementation experiments confirmed that 2,5-DMP is a critical contributor to nutty, sweet, and buttery aromas, while also intensifying smoky undertones. Overall, this study elucidates the regulatory function of l -threonine catabolism in pyrazine biosynthesis, linking microbial metabolism to food flavor and offering a metabolic engineering strategy for targeted aroma modulation in fermented foods. Practical Applications This research provides valuable insights into the mechanism underlying the formation of soy sauce-like aroma, laying the foundation for optimizing 2,5-dimethylpyrazine (2,5-DMP) concentrations to fine-tune aroma profiles. These findings may support the environmentally friendly production of high-quality soy sauce-like aroma foods, potentially reducing reliance on artificial additives.
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CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
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2025
·
IF 8
Xue Wang,Tingjun Wang,Chengsheng Gui,Hanxiang Guo,Haili Chen
s Bamboo is a sustainable and renewable material. However, its high hydrophilicity and nutrient-rich composition make it highly susceptible to microbial colonization. In this study, a simple two-step strategy was employed to fabricate stable nano-silver particles (AgNPs) containing polymer composites on bamboo surfaces to enhance antibacterial and anti-mold properties. L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) was modified onto the bamboo surface via self-polymerization, providing catechol groups capable of chelating and reducing Ag⁺ ions in situ to form AgNPs. The incorporation of polyethyleneimine (PEI) into the L-DOPA could further promote AgNPs formation and enhance stability of the composite coating. The resulting BT/L-D/PEI/Ag sample was systematically characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS, EDS, and water contact angle measurements. The results confirmed that L-D/PEI/Ag polymer composites were successfully coated onto the bamboo surface, and the BT/L-D/PEI/Ag exhibited a significantly enhanced silver loading (6.68 wt%) compared to the BT/L-D/Ag (2.97 wt%), corresponding to a 125 % increase. The modified surface showed improved hydrophobicity with a contact angle of 94.7°, effectively inhibiting microbial adhesion. Antibacterial tests revealed that the BT/L-D/PEI/Ag achieved complete (100 %) inhibition against Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ), as well as superior antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger ( A. niger ). The synergistic interaction between L-D, PEI and Ag formed an efficient antimicrobial coating, providing a promising strategy for the development of high-value, antimicrobial bamboo materials for sustainable construction and consumer products.
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Journal of Materials Chemistry A
·
2025
·
IF 9.5
Zuming Jiang,Qi Lv,Fangjian Zhao,Binlin Pan,Yu Liu,Xinyue Song,Haonan Li,Yi Wang
Developing a sand stabilizer that integrates rapid curing, mechanical robustness, and environmental adaptability remains a significant challenge for desertification control. Herein, we introduce a scalable and biocompatible hydrogel system guided by amino acid chemistry, in which L-serine serves as both a redox catalyst and multifunctional structural modulator. The resulting hydrogel, composed of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA), glycerol, and L-serine (PGL hydrogel), forms a dynamic hydrogen-bonded network with ultrafast gelation under ambient conditions. When applied to sand, the precursor rapidly cures within 50 s to form a cohesive and flexible surface layer that resists wind erosion at speeds up to 15 m s⁻¹ without noticeable particle loss. The hydrogel maintains strong interfacial adhesion and structural integrity after 32 days of thermal aging and 32 freeze–thaw cycles, and remains stable across a wide pH range (pH 3–9). Plant cultivation experiments using mung bean and wheat confirm its excellent environmental compatibility, supporting germination and robust root development. This amino acid–mediated strategy provides an efficient, eco-friendly, and field-deployable solution for sand stabilization and ecological restoration in arid and degraded environments.
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Frontiers in Chemistry
·
2024
·
IF 3.8
Qi Ding,Fang Wang,Weimin Yang,Xinhe Xing,Hengwei Lin,Liguang Xu,Si Li
Developing highly sensitive and selective detection methods is crucial for environmental and healthcare monitoring. In this study, the chiral and fluorescent signals of L-glutathione-modified gold nanoclusters (L-GSH-Au NCs) were discovered to be responsive to Co2+, which displayed linear correlations with the concentration changes of Co2+. Notably, the chiral signal was more sensitive than the FL signal, whose limit of detection (LOD) was calculated to be 0.37 μM and 3.93 times lower than the LOD obtained with fluorescent signals. Moreover, the chiral signals exhibited unexpectedly high selectivity towards Co2+, effectively avoiding interference from other metal ions and biomolecules. Furthermore, the concentrations of Co2+ in various samples, such as Taihu water, tap water, bottled water, and animal serum, were accurately quantified using the chiral signals of L-GSH-Au NCs without complex pretreatment, with recoveries ranging between 95.64% and 103.22%. This study not only provides an innovative approach for Co2+ detection but also highlights the detection capabilities of chiral signals in complex environments.
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Nanomaterials
·
2025
·Vol. 15
·期 14
·1135
·
IF 4.3
Mingzhang Zhu,Zeren Zhou,Yanhong Gu,Lina Bing,Yuqin Xie,Zhenjiang Shen,Wanping Chen
In sharp contrast to photocatalysis and other prevalent catalytic technologies, tribocatalysis has emerged as a promising technology to degrade high-concentration organic dyes in recent years. In this study, BaTiO3(BTO) nanoparticles were challenged to degrade methyl orange (MO) solutions with unprecedentedly high concentrations through magnetic stirring. With BTO nanoparticles and home-made PTFE magnetic rotary disks in 50 mg/L MO solutions, 10 h of magnetic stirring resulted in 91.4% and 98.1% degradations in an as-received glass beaker and in a beaker with a PTFE disk coated on its bottom, respectively. Even for 100 mg/L MO solutions, nearly complete degradation was achieved by magnetic-stirring-stimulated BTO nanoparticles in beakers with the following four kinds of bottom: 97.3% degradation in 30 h for a glass bottom, 97.4% degradation in 20 h for a PTFE coating, 97.9% degradation in 42 h for a Ti coating, and 97.4% degradation in 74 h for an Al2O3coating. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analyses revealed that the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by magnetic-stirring-stimulated BTO nanoparticles is dramatically affected by the bottom material of beakers. These findings suggest an appealing prospect for BTO nanoparticles to utilize mechanical energy for sustainable water remediation.
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Frontiers in Nutrition
·
2025
·
IF 5.1
Haotian Huang,Xiaobo Zhou,Mengge Sun,Jiajie Chen,Tao Tan,Dongsheng Yang
Introduction: Polysaccharides extracted from the fruits of Phyllanthus emblica L. (PEP) have demonstrated various bioactivities, including antioxidant and prebiotic effects. This study aimed to optimize the extraction of PEP using ultrasonic microwave synergistic extraction (UMSE) and evaluate its bioactivities.Methods: The UMSE process was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) to identify the most efficient extraction conditions. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated through DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays, alongside total reducing capacity measurements. For prebiotic activity, the ability of PEP to promote the growth of Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus plantarum was compared with that of standard prebiotics. Changes in pH and lactic acid production in the culture medium were also monitored.Results: Optimal UMSE parameters included microwave power (370 W), ultrasonic power (340 W), extraction time (25 minutes), and a solid-liquid ratio of 1:6.5 g/mL. These conditions achieved an extraction yield of 8.09%, aligning with the predicted value. The UMSE method showed higher extraction efficiency and sugar content compared to traditional water extraction, with a reduction in impurities. The extracted PEPs exhibited significant scavenging activity against DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radicals, as well as robust total reducing capacity. Additionally, the PEPs demonstrated resistance to hydrolysis by artificial saliva and gastric juice, suggesting their ability to reach the gastrointestinal tract intact. In prebiotic assays, PEP (UMSE-derived, PEP-U) stimulated the proliferation of Lactobacillus spp. more effectively than water-extracted PEP (PEP-W), correlating with increased lactic acid production and reduced pH in the culture medium.Discussion: These results highlight the dual bioactivity of PEP as both an antioxidant and prebiotic, suggesting its potential as a functional food ingredient for promoting gut health and oxidative balance.
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ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2025
·
IF 19
Xiangjie Chen,Jia Zhu,Jian Shao,Taisong Pan,Guang Yao,Min Gao,Jian Yang,Rui Zhao,Libin Huang,Tao Li,Huanyu Cheng,Yuan Lin
L-cysteine plays a significant role in numerous physiological processes in the human body health, and monitoring its level has important clinical implications. However, L-cysteine tests are limited to invasive blood drawing and a time-consuming laboratory process, which also fails to give real-time and continuous results. This study introduces a flexible electrochemical sensor based on a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTS) molecular receptor and catalytic titanium oxide-modified carbon cloth (MPTS/TiO 2 /CC). The MPTS and TiO 2 modification serve as the artificial antibody through thiol interactions and the charge transfer layer, respectively, which is further confirmed by density function theory (DFT) calculations. The flexible L-cysteine sensor based on MPTS/TiO 2 /CC shows a wide linear range of up to 500 µ m and an ultra-low limit of detection of 0.046 µ m . A sweat patch consisting of an electrochemical sensing unit, a laser-fabricated microfluidic channel, and a miniaturized electrochemical workstation affords real-time monitoring of L-cysteine detection in dynamic environments and reveals the strong correlation between sweat and blood L-cysteine concentrations. The introduction of molecular receptors and band alignment may offer a general way of designing sensitive, specific electrochemical sensors for point-of-care diagnosis.
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MEAT SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 6.1
Yumin Niu,Chaoxia Fan,Jun Qi,Huan Liu,Jun-Hua Shao,Yuan Wang,Runmi Tao,Guoqing Ye,Hui Yang,Dengyong Liu
Cumin seeds can inhibit undesirable flavors of roasted meat, but the specific mechanism remains to be elucidated. This study examined the effects of adding 1 g/100 g of cumin seeds to mutton patties roasted at 220 °C for 10–20 min on flavor characteristics and lipid oxidation. Basic indicators (fat, protein, moisture content, and roasting loss), flavor compounds, TBARS values and fatty acid degradation products were measured to this end. The introduction of cumin seeds caused a notable drop in aldehydes, particularly pyridine, isovaleraldehyde, heptanal, and octanal, which are compounds often associated with unwanted fat flavors, while concomitantly increasing the levels of ester and heterocyclic flavor compounds. This enhanced the ester aroma and roasted flavor. The introduction of terpenal and terpenoid compounds imparted citrus and spice aromas to the mutton. In relation to lipid oxidation, cumin seeds inhibited oxidative degradation of the linoleic acid system within the first 10 min and then promoted it, while concurrently promoting oxidative degradation in the oleic acid system. Furthermore, they reduce the generation of oxidative flavor substances (e.g., hexanal and octanal). Overall, adding 1 g/100 g of cumin seeds could be a promising approach to improve lipid oxidation and enhance the flavor profiles of roasted mutton patties.
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npj Science of Food
·
2025
·
IF 7.8
Peng Ying,Yu Tianxing,Qin Chunyin,Li Feilong,Xu Zhuoqi,Fang Qi,Cheng Anqi,Zhai Xiaoting,Fu Xiaoping,Li Daxiang,Hu Shanshan
Depression has emerged as a major global public health issue. l -theanine exerts notable anxiolytic and antidepressant effects mediated by its blood-brain barrier permeability as well as its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism of its key role remains elusive. In this study, chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) reduced serum neurotransmitter levels in mice, impaired prefrontal cortex (PFC) and colonic barrier function, which induced depressive-like behaviors. l- theanine, especially at a dose of 800 mg/kg, down-regulated gut-brain inflammatory pathways (TLR9/NLRP3/Caspase-1) and restored barrier integrity (ZO-1 and Occludin), reversing CUMS-induced depressive-like behavior. This therapeutic effect was primarily attributed to l- theanine-mediated reshaping of gut microbiota (increased of Lactobacillus and Roseburia ) and the restoration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs, especially acetic acid, butyric acid, and propionic acid) synthesis and their receptor functions. In summary, the Gut-SCFAs-Brain axis may serve as a potential pathway for l -theanine to improve depression.
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ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
·
2025
·
IF 6.1
Jingchong Li,Wende Zheng,Jingkun Li,Komelle Askari,Zhixiang Tian,Aohui Han,Runqiang Liu
Chlorpyrifos (CHP) contamination affects agricultural land and poses significant risks to plants and humans. Chitosan-oligosaccharide (COS) enhances plant resilience under stress and boosts the activity of enzymes metabolizing exogenous substances. This study aimed to explore the potential and mechanism of COS in mitigating CHP phytotoxicity and reducing CHP accumulation through both pot and field experiments. The results indicated that CHP exposure caused oxidative stress and decreased photosynthesis by 18.5 % in wheat. COS up-regulated the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes in CHP-stressed plants, resulting in a 12.1 %-29.4 % increase in antioxidant enzyme activity, which resulted in an 11.3 %-12.8 % reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an 11.5 %-14.7 % reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) content in leaves and roots, respectively. Additionally, COS increased chlorophyll content by 6.6 % by regulating genes related to chlorophyll metabolism, enhancing photosynthesis by 13.6 %. COS also reduced CHP uptake and accelerated its metabolism by upregulating CYP450 , GST , and lignin biosynthesis-related genes. Wheat treated with COS exhibited a 26.7 %-28.7 % reduction in grains' CHP content, resulting in a lower health risk index (HRI). These findings provide novel insights into the potential of COS in alleviating CHP phytotoxicity and reducing its accumulation.
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CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY
·
2025
·
IF 2.5
Shi-Xing Liu,Qian Wang,Li Jiang,Shang-Gao Liao,Qing-De Long,Xu Zhang,Xue-Long Yan
Phytochemistry investigation of Euphorbia helioscopia led to the isolation of 22 diterpenoids, including five lathyranes, 11 jatrophanes, and six other types. Among them, eupholine A and B ( 1 and 2 ) are a pair of previously undescribed C-6′ lathyrane epimers. The chemical structures of 1–22 were elucidated using spectral data analysis, and the absolute configurations of 1 together with another jatrophane diterpenoid ( 3 ) were determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction techniques. Besides, the full nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) assignments of 3 and 4 were first determined by analysis of their two-dimensional NMR data. All the isolates were screened for inhibition activity of fibrinogen on transforming growth factor-β1-stimulated LX-2 cells, and seven compounds (mainly lathyranes and jatrophanes types) showed certain inhibitory effects at 20 µM, being comparable to that of the positive control, silymarin. Notably, compound 14 (jatrophane type) showed significant inhibitory activity that is superior to silymarin. The study suggested that jatrophane diterpenoids and their analogs (lathyrane types) may serve as a potential chemical entity against liver fibrosis. Graphical
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Frontiers in Pharmacology
·
2025
·
IF 4.8
Tangfei Guan,Xin Yang,Canhui Hong,Jiali Zhu,Peiyun Xiao,Yongshou Yang,Chenggui Zhang,Zhengchun He
Introduction: Alopecia areata (AA), an autoimmune hair-loss disease due to follicular inflammatory cell infiltration, lacks an ideal cure. The Periplaneta Americana (PA) extract (PA-011), a traditional Chinese medicine with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, tissue-repair-promoting, and immune-regulating properties, was studied for its AA-treating effects.Methods: Guided by network pharmacology, AA model mice were treated with PA-011. Hair growth, skin tissue, inflammatory factors, and Wnt protein levels were examined. Transcriptomics, metabolomics, and 16S rRNA sequencing explored the hair-growth-promoting mechanisms.Results: Network pharmacology showed PA-011 could regulate AA-related targets and pathways. PA-011 intervention promoted hair follicle cell proliferation and hair growth in AA mice, reduced skin TNF-α, IL-23, and VCAM-1 expression. Transcriptomics and WB analysis indicated PA-011 downregulated inflammatory genes, activated Wnt3a, and modulated the TGF-β pathway. Metabolomics found PA-011 regulated metabolic pathways. 16S rRNA analysis showed it reversed AA-induced skin microbiota changes, inhibiting pathogens and promoting probiotics. Multi-omics analysis revealed PA-011 regulated skin microbiota and metabolic balance for hair growth.Discussion: In conclusion, PA-011 alleviates AA by reducing skin inflammation and modulating skin microbiota, suggesting its potential as an AA therapeutic.
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