ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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2016
·
IF 5.886
Changhui Liu,Weiju Chen,Zhihe Qing,Jing Zheng,Yue Xiao,Sheng Yang,Lili Wang,Yinhui Li,Ronghua Yang
By virtue of its high sensitivity and rapidity, Fenton reaction has been demonstrated as a powerful tool for in vitro biochemical analysis; however, in vivo applications of Fenton reaction still remain to be exploited. Herein, we report, for the first time, the design, formation and testing of Fenton reaction for in vivo fluorescence imaging of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). To realize in vivo fluorescence imaging of H2O2via Fenton reaction, a functional nanosphere, Fc@MSN-FDNA/PTAD, is fabricated from mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN), a Fenton reagent of ferrocene (Fc), ROX-labeled DNA (FDNA), and a cationic perylene derivative (PTAD). The ferrocene molecules are locked in the pore entrances of MSN, and exterior of MSN is covalently immobilized with FDNA. As a key part, PTAD acts as not only the gatekeeper of MSN but also the efficient quencher of ROX. H2O2 can permeate into the nanosphere and react with ferrocene to product hydroxyl radical (·OH) via Fenton reaction, which cleaves FDNA to detach ROX from PTAD, thus in turn, lights the ROX fluorescence. Under physiological condition, H2O2 can be determined from 5.0 nM to 1.0 μM with a detection limit of 2.4 nM. Because of the rapid kinetics of Fenton reaction and high specificity for H2O2, the proposed method meets the requirement for real applications. The feasibility of Fc@MSN-FDNA/PTAD for in vivo applications is demonstrated for fluorescence imaging of exogenous and endogenous H2O2 in cells and mice. We expect that this work will not only contribute to the H2O2-releated studies but also open up a new way to exploit in vivo Fenton reaction for biochemical research.
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FIBERS AND POLYMERS
·
2017
·Vol. 18
·期 5
·868-874
·
IF 1.113
Zhao Jie,Hao Youwei,Cao Liqin,Wang Jide,Wang Wei,Wu Xiujuan
Poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (PHEMA)/hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanocomposites were synthesized through a new route involving nano-sized HAP (nHAP) particles or modified nHAP mixed with monomer 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate via in situ polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed phosphate peak increased with nHAP content in composite. X-ray diffraction patterns of PHEMA/nHAP revealed the presence of crystallized nHAP. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the ultimate nHAP content in PHEMA/nHAP composites is consistent with its initial amount. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that nanocomposite particles are much smaller than PHEMA particles. PHEMA/nHAP composites with average diameter of approximately 600 nm were obtained in scCO 2 with 94 % yield. Mechanical properties of PHEMA/nHAP nanocomposites were better than those of PHEMA, and compressive modulus and strength of composites with 30 wt.% nHAP were 193 and 29 MPa, respectively. Nanocomposite adsorption toward bovine serum albumin was evaluated, and results indicated that analyte adsorption amount can reach up to 282 mg/g.
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2017
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IF 3.154
Yuting Fan,Luyu Gao,Jiang Yi,Yuzhu Zhang,Wallace Yokoyama
β-Carotene (BC), a naturally occurring lipophilic carotenoid, is beneficial for human health. However, its water solubility and bioavailability are low. In this study, organogel-based nanoemulsion was successfully prepared to improve the loading amount, solubility, and bioavailability of BC. Corn oil was selected as the oil phase for the organogel as a result of the greatest release amount of BC. Tween 20 was optimized as the emulsifier based on the highest extent of lipolysis and BC bioaccessibility. The nanoemulsion was a better alternative than the organogel according to both the extent of lipolysis and BC bioaccessibility. Cellular uptake of BC was significantly improved through organogel-based nanoemulsion compared to BC suspension. Caveolae-/lipid-raft-mediated route was the main endocytosis pathway. Pharmacokinetic results confirmed that the in vivo bioavailability of BC in nanoemulsion was 11.5-fold higher than that of BC oil. The information obtained suggested that organogel-based nanoemulsion may be an effective encapsulation system for delivery of insoluble and indigestible bioactive compounds.
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BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
·
2016
·
IF 4.917
Min-Hua Cui,Dan Cui,Lei Gao,Hao-Yi Cheng,Ai-Jie Wang
A continuous stirred tank reactor with built-in bioelectrochemical system (CSTR-BES) was developed for azo dye Alizarin Yellow R (AYR) containing wastewater treatment. The decolorization efficiency (DE) of the CSTR-BES was 97.04 ± 0.06% for 7 h with sludge concentration of 3000 mg/L and initial AYR concentration of 100 mg/L, which was superior to that of the sole CSTR mode (open circuit: 54.87 ± 4.34%) and the sole BES mode (without sludge addition: 91.37 ± 0.44%). The effects of sludge concentration and sodium acetate (NaAc) concentration on azo dye decolorization were investigated. The highest DE of CSTR-BES for 4 h was 87.66 ± 2.93% with sludge concentration of 12,000 mg/L, NaAc concentration of 2000 mg/L and initial AYR concentration of 100 mg/L. The results in this study indicated that CSTR-BES could be a practical strategy for upgrading conventional anaerobic facilities against refractory wastewater treatment.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2016
·
IF 5.31
Hui Mei,Junchao Xia,Daoyang Han,Shanshan Xiao,Juanli Deng,Laifei Cheng
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) felts of aligned lamellar structure were prepared by ice templating and then infiltrated by liquid epoxy resin by vacuum pressure impregnation (INCNT/EP). Conventional physical blending method was also used to prepare carbon nanotube/epoxy composite as a comparison (PHCNT/EP). Microstructal observations of INCNT/EP fracture surfaces revealed the formation of a three-dimensional (3D) framework composed of unidirectionally oriented CNTs lamellae, which lead to a dramatic increase in electrical conductivity of the composite, by 15 orders of magnitude compared to pure epoxy and by 3 orders of magnitude compared to PHCNT/EP composite. Electrical conductivity of the INCNT/EP composite reached to 0.158 S/cm at CNT loading of 1.31 wt%. Meanwhile, improvements in Young’s modulus (up to 25.5%) and yield strength (up to 12.2%) of the INCNT/EP composite under compressive loadings compared to pure epoxy were obtained. It is also observed that INCNT/EP composites show stable compressive behaviour and can effectively resist the sudden decrease of stress due to its skeleton structure of CNTs lamellae after the strain of ca . 50%.
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POLYMER
·
2016
·
IF 3.586
Hai-Mu Ye,Ping Liu,Chun-Xiao Wang,Xiaoyu Meng,Qiong Zhou
Poly(hexamethylene succinate- co -hexamethylene fumarate)s (PHSF) with low hexamethylene fumarate content ( C HF , between 0 and 18 mol%) were prepared and employed to explore the effect of intersegmental interaction in crystalline lattice on the polymorphism phenomenon. Wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results demonstrate that the crystal modification of PHSF exhibits not only C HF -dependent but also crystallization temperature ( T c ) dependent. Both high C HF and high T c benefit the formation of orthorhombic modification, while low C HF and low T c benefit the formation of monoclinic modification. More intriguingly, the specific “C C C O⋯H C C” hydrogen bonds formed between fumaryl units provide a direct way to regulate the polymorphism from perspective inside chain structure. When C HF is between 8 and 12 mol%, the crystal modification of PHSF is determined by formation of intersegmental hydrogen bonding interaction or not through varying T c . At high T c , the specific hydrogen bonds form and render the formation of orthorhombic crystal; while at low T c , only van der Waals forces remain and PHSF chains crystallize into monoclinic crystal. The content of carbonyl group belonging to fumaryl in polyester chain is a key factor for the formation of hydrogen bonds and the selection of crystal structure during crystallization. Additionally, the orthorhombic crystal shows higher equilibrium melting point than monoclinic crystal; and the monoclinic crystal can transform to orthorhombic crystal by annealing, revealing that orthorhombic crystal is more thermally stable.
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NPG Asia Materials
·
2016
·Vol. 8
·期 3
·e243
·
IF 8.772
Ning Chengyun,Yu Peng,Zhu Ye,Yao Mengyu,Zhu Xiaojing,Wang Xiaolan,Lin Zefeng,Li Weiping,Wang Shuangying,Tan Guoxin,Zhang Yu,Wang Yingjun,Mao Chuanbin
Bone has a built-in electric field because of the presence of piezoelectric collagen. To date, only externally applied electric fields have been used to direct cell behavior; however, these fields are not safe or practical for in vivo use. In this work, for the first time, we use a periodic microscale electric field (MEF) built into a titanium implant to induce osteogenesis. Such a MEF is generated by the periodic organization of a junction made of two parallel semiconducting TiO 2 zones: anatase and rutile with lower and higher electron densities, respectively. The junctions were formed through anatase–rutile-phase transition in selective areas using laser irradiation on the implants. The in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that the built-in MEF was an efficient electrical cue for inducing osteogenic differentiation in the absence of osteogenic supplements and promoted bone regeneration around the implants. Our work opens up a new avenue toward bone repair and regeneration using built-in MEF.
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ONCOLOGY REPORTS
·
2016
·Vol. 35
·期 5
·3059-3067
·
IF 2.486
Zhu Chen,En-Hua Xiao,Zhen Kang,Wen-Bin Zeng,Hui-Long Tan,Hua-Bing Li,Du-Jun Bian,Quan-Liang Shang
The present study aimed to assess the in vitro and in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of chlorotoxin (CTX)-conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoprobes. CTX-conjugated nanoprobes were composed of SPIO coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and conjugated with CTX. The nanoprobes were termed SPIO-PEG-CTX. MRI of the SPIO and SPIO-PEG-CTX solutions at a different concentration was performed with a 3.0-T MRI scanner (Philips Achieva 3.0T X Series; Phillips Healthcare, The Netherlands). Rabbit VX2 hepatocarcinoma was established by a traditional laparotomy method (injection of the tumor particles into the liver using a 15G syringe needle) following approval by the institutional animal care and use committee. Contrast-enhanced MRI of VX2 rabbits (n=8) was performed using the same MRI scanner with SPIO‑PEG-CTX solutions as the contrast agent. Data were analyzed with calibration curve and a paired t-test. The SPIO-PEG-CTX nanoparticles were successfully prepared. With increasing concentrations of the solutions, the MRI signal intensity was increased at T1WI, but decreased at T2WI, which were the same as that for SPIO. Rabbit VX2 carcinoma appeared as a low MRI signal at T1WI, and high at T2WI. After injection of the contrast agent, the MRI signal of carcinoma was decreased relative to that before injection at T2WI (1,161±331.5 vs. 1,346±300.5; P=0.004<0.05), while the signal of the adjacent normal hepatic tissues was unchanged (480.6±165.1 vs. 563.4±67.8; P=0.202>0.05). The SPIO-PEG-CTX nanoparticles showed MRI negative enhancement at T2WI and a targeting effect in liver cancer, which provides the theoretical basis for further study of the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PHARMACOLOGY
·
2016
·
IF 1.533
Zhou Hong-Yu,Gu Er-Min,Chen Qiu-lei,Zhan Yun-Yun,Wang Shuang-Hu,Liang Bing-Qing,Dai Da-Peng,Cai Jian-Ping,Hu Guo-Xin
The objective of this study was to assess the catalytic activity of 22 novel CYP2D6 allelic variants (2D6*87-*98, R25Q, F164L, E215K, F219S, V327M, D336N, V342M, R344Q, R440C and R497C) to olanzapine in vitro. Their protein products expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda 21 (Sf21) insect cells were incubated with olanzapine 100-2,000 μmol/l for 30 min. The kinetic parameters of Km, Vmax and intrinsic clearance were determined by 2-hydroxymethylolanzapine, the metabolite of olanzapine mediated by CYP2D6, using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results showed that the kinetic parameters of 2 alleles, CYP2D6*92 and 2D6*96, could not be detected; 17 allelic variants, CYP2D6*87-*88, 2D6*90-*91, 2D6*93-*95, 2D6*97, R25Q, F164L, E215K, F219S, V327M, V342M, R344Q, R440C and R497C, significantly reduced the intrinsic clearance of olanzapine; 2 variants, CYP2D6*89 and 2D6*98, increased the intrinsic clearance of olanzapine; no difference was found in intrinsic clearance of D336N. Furthermore, 6 alleles, CYP2D6*87, 2D6*88, 2D6*91, 2D6*93, 2D6*97 and R497C, exhibited higher Km values in a range of 120.80-217.56% relative to wild-type CYP2D6*1. The research demonstrated the metabolic phenotype of the 22 novel CYP2D6 variants for olanzapine that were different from probe drugs we used previously and might provide beneficial information to the personalized medicine of olanzapine
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Advanced Healthcare Materials
·
2016
·Vol. 5
·期 19
·2517-2527
·
IF 5.76
Xiaoman Mao,Jingxing Si,Qian Huang,Xuanrong Sun,Qianzhi Zhang,Youqing Shen,Jianbin Tang,Xiangrui Liu,Meihua Sui
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug to treat a range of cancers. However, its unfavorable effects, particularly the cardiotoxicity and the induction of multidrug resistance (MDR), significantly limit its clinical applications. Herein, a novel doxorubicin prodrug, PEG 2K -DOX, is synthesized by conjugating a deprotonated doxorubicin molecule with the polyethylene glycol (PEG, MW: 2K) chain via pH-responsive hydrazone bond, and its potential as a better alternative than doxorubicin is evaluated. The data show that the amphiphilic PEG 2K -DOX can self-assemble into stable nanoparticles with a high and fixed doxorubicin loading content (≈20 wt%), a favorable size of 91.5 nm with a narrow polydispersity (PDI = 0.14), good stability, and pH-dependent release behavior due to the acid-cleavable linkage between PEG and doxorubicin. Although doxorubicin hardly accumulates in MDR cells, PEG 2K -DOX nanoparticles significantly increase the cellular uptake and cell-killing activity of doxorubicin in two MDR cancer cell lines MCF-7/ADR and KBv200, with the IC 50 values dropped to 1.130% and 42.467% of doxorubicin, respectively. More impressively, PEG 2K -DOX nanoparticles exhibit significantly improved plasma pharmacokinetics, increased in vivo therapeutic efficacy against MDR xenograft tumors, and better in vivo safety compared with doxorubicin. PEG 2K -DOX nanoparticles hold the promise to become a better alternative than doxorubicin for cancer treatment, especially for MDR tumors.
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FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
·
2017
·
IF 3.086
Xiaoqin Wang,Qiumei Zeng,María del Mar Contreras,Lijuan Wang
In Asia, tea seed oils (seed oils from Camellia oleifera , C. chekiangoleosa , and C. sinensis ) are used in edible, medicinal, and cosmetic applications. However, these oils differ in their fatty acid contents, and there is little known about their phenolic compounds . Here we analyzed the phenolic compounds of seed oils from three species gathered from 15 regions of China. Twenty-four phenolic compounds were characterized by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS, including benzoic acids (6), cinnamic acids (6), a hydroxyphenylacetic acid, flavanols (4), flavonols (3), flavones (2), and dihydroflavonoids (2). Some of these phenolic compounds had not previously been reported from C. sinensis (20), C. oleifera (15), and C. chekiangoleosa (24) seed oils. Quantification was done by HPLC-QqQ-MS using 24 chemical standards. The total concentrations in the studied samples ranged from 20.56 to 88.56 μg/g. Phenolic acids were the most abundant class, accounting for 76.2–90.4%, with benzoic acid, found at up to 18.87 μg/g. The concentration of catechins, typical of tea polyphenols, ranged between 2.1% and 9.7%, while the other flavonoids varied from 4.2% to 17.8%. Although the cultivation region affected the phenolic composition of the Camellia seed oils, in our hierarchical clustering analysis, the samples clustered according to species. The phenolic composition of the seed oils from C. oleifera and C. chekiangoelosa were similar. We found that the phenolic categories in Camellia seed oils were similar to tea polyphenols, thereby identifying a source of liposoluble tea polyphenols and potentially accounting for some of the reported activities of these oils. In addition, this work provides basic data that allows distinction of various Camellia seed oils, as well as improvements to be made in their quality standards.
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BIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY
·
2017
·Vol. 32
·期 3
·e4114
·
IF 1.613
Hongli Du,Hai Zhang,Yahong Zhao,Min Liu,Anni Chen,Shiyu Liu,Dan Xue,Yanjun Liu,Guoqing Zhang
In recent years, vascular depression has become the focus of international attention. Yangxinshi Tablet (YXST) is usually used in cthe linic for the treatment of arrhythmia and heart failure, but we found that it also has antidepressive effects. The objective of the study was to identify biomarkers related to vascular depression in hippocampus and explore the antidepressive effects of YXST on the mouse model. Untargeted metabolomics based on UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS was applied to identify significantly differential biomarkers between the model group and control group. Unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) was used to scan the tendency of groups and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) to distinguish between the vascular depressive mice and the sham. PCA stores showed clear differences in metabolism between the vascular depressive mice and sham groups. The PLS-DA model exhibited 38 metabolites as the biomarkers to distinguish the vascular depressive mice and the sham. Further, YXST significantly regulated 22 metabolites to normal levels. The results suggested that YXST has a comprehensive antidepressive effect on vascular depression via regulation of multiple metabolic pathways including amino acid, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and phosphoglyceride metabolisms. These findings provide insight into the pathophysiological mechanism underlying vascular depression and the mechanism of YXST.
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