Soft Matter
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2014
·Vol. 11
·期 7
·1293-1302
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IF 4.151
Yiyang Kong,Binjie Hu,Kwang-Leong Choy,Xiaoyu Li,Guangdi Chen
Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are non-volatile organic salts, and few of them with low melting point may replace the conventional coalescing agents in waterborne coatings, thus preventing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission, caused by coalescing agents. The formation of waterborne coating containing RTILs can be achieved by the encapsulation of RTILs inside latexes via miniemulsion polymerization. Achieving a stable miniemulsion is a crucial step for further polymerization. In this study, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (C8mimPF6) was chosen, and various factors which might affect droplet size and its stability, including surfactant type, surfactant concentration, and C8mimPF6 concentration, were investigated. It was found that the presence of a small amount of C8mimPF6 coupled with the surfactant would offer marked effects on the droplet size reduction and droplet stability. Such effect may reach its maximum from 1 to 5 wt% C8mimPF6. Above the critical concentration, adding more C8mimPF6 to the oil phase may cause a larger initial droplet size as well as weaken the droplet stability. Such observations were consistent with the zeta potential measurements for miniemulsions prepared under similar conditions.
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INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2014
·
IF 2.235
Nan Li,Fang Wang,Zhiqing Zhang,Huihui Nie,Chengcheng Ren,Mei Cui
Polymeric 1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids modified microspheres of silica gel were prepared by free radical polymerization in toluene. Characterization with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and 13C, 29Si magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) demonstrated that 1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate had successfully loaded on the surface of silica gel and formed a stable polymer coating. Furthermore, to detect the potential desulfurization performance, a series of experiments of model fuel desulfurization with polymeric ionic liquid modified silica gel had been carried out. The desulfurization efficiency of modified silica gel was investigated by removing 2-methylthiophene, benzothiophene, and dibenzothiophene from model fuel (n-heptane/2-methylthiophene, benzothiophene, and dibenzothiophene) under tested conditions. It was shown that the modified silica gel exhibited remarkable desulfurization capacity for aromatic S-containing compounds and the sulfur removal selectivity followed the order of 2-methylthiophene < benzothiophene < dibenzothiophene due to the different density aromatic π-electrons.
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SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
·
2014
·
IF 3.84
Jianping Li,Weiling Yin,Yanji Tan,Hongcheng Pan
A novel strategy for improving the sensitivity of a molecularly imprinted sensor was proposed based on the amplification effect derived from the electrochemical stripping of copper produced by catalytic deposition by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Polypyrrole was electrochemically polymerized to prepare a molecularly imprinted polymer film using 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA) as a template. After the competitive reaction between IAA and thiolation-3-indoleacetic acid (IAA-S), IAA-S was labeled with AgNPs, and then copper was catalytically reduced and deposited onto the AgNP surface. The deposited copper was electrochemically dissolved, and the anodic stripping current was recorded using linear sweep voltammetry. The change in signal decreased when IAA-S was replaced by IAA in the samples. The peak current was proportional to the logarithm of the concentration of IAA in the range of 9 × 10 −10 –6 × 10 −7 mol/L, with a detection limit of 2.31 × 10 −10 mol/L determined by the 3 σ rule. Samples were assayed, and the recoveries of the approach ranged within 99.7–104.2%.
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MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
·
2014
·Vol. 215
·期 10
·1012-1021
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IF 2.451
Wenchao Ma,Haochuan Chen,Yuhong Ma,Changwen Zhao,Wantai Yang
With fac -Ir(ppy) 3 as photoredox catalyst and ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate (EBiB) as initiator, the homopolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in different solvents, such as N , N -dimethylformamide (DMF), acetonitrile, and anisole are run under irradiation of an LED lamp. The results show that anisole is a better solvent for the polymerization with regard to the polydispersity index (PDI). A well-controlled polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) is demonstrated and the clean block copolymer of PMMA- b -PPEGMA is prepared with PDI less than 1.3; however, the 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) polymerization is poorly controlled. With the PMMA as macromolecular initiator, the block copolymer PMMA- b -PDMAEMA can be prepared with PDI around 2.0.
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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
·
2013
·
IF 4.593
Yu-Peng Zhou,En-Bao Liu,Jin Wang,Hsiu-Yi Chao
Newly prepared gold(I) acetylide-based luminescent cation sensors 1c and 1d, which bear a novel three–armed flexible conformation, together with control molecule 2c, were synthesized in four steps. 1c and 1d exhibit the π → π* absorption of the acetylide ligands in fluid solutions and produce the 3(ππ*) emission of the acetylide ligands in the solid state and degassed THF solution. The 3(ππ*) emission of 1c in DMSO can be turned on upon addition of Ag+. The binding ratio between 1c and Ag+ as well as the binding constant log K were determined as 1:1 and 4.35 ± 0.12 respectively by UV–vis titration experiments. The formation of [1c·Ag]+ adduct, which leads to the appearance of new up-field peaks, was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopic titrations. The control 1H NMR titration experiments for the acetylide-free analogue 1a and single-armed analogue 2c indicate the acetylide groups and tripodal structures are responsible for the binding of Ag+. The control experiment for tripodal gold(I) acetylide analogue 1d suggests the change of PPh3 with P(2-Py)Ph2 induces similar binding affinity toward Ag+ but less selectivity toward Ag+. Free 1c also exhibits the anion binding affinity toward F–, but the Ag+ adduct [1c·Ag]+ shows less affinity toward F–.
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CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2015
·
IF 4.074
Cong Chen,Yan Meng,Sheng Li,Wenhua Wu,Chuanjun Liu,Xiaojuan Xu,Lina Zhang
A polysaccharide coded as PR-CA was extracted from Polyporus rhinoceros and determined to be a β-(1→3)- d -glucan with multiple branches. The weight-average molecular weights ( M w ) of PR-CA in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and in water were determined with static light scattering (SLS) to be 3.57 × 10 5 and 1.79 × 10 7 , indicating existence of the single chains in DMSO and co-existence of single chains and aggregates in water. Moreover, the stiffness of single chains of PR-CA in water was directly visualized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The hollow structure of PR-CA nanofibers with width of 30–40 nm and length of ∼350 nm formed in the water/DMSO (9:1, v:v) was demonstrated by a fluorescent probe tetraphenylethylene (TPE) via aggregation-induced emission (AIE). The formation of PR-CA nanofibers was ascribed to the parallel aggregation of the extended PR-CA chains due to the hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction. This work offered valuable results for promising applications of natural branched β-glucans in the biological fields of drug inclusion, delivery and disease diagnosis.
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POLYMER COMPOSITES
·
2014
·Vol. 36
·期 9
·1597-1605
·
IF 1.455
Ruxangul Jamal,Ahmat Ali,Li Zhang,Yakupjan Osman,Adalet Rahman,Tursun Abdiryim
Poly(3′,4′-ethylenedioxy-2,2′:5′,2″-terthiophene)/ZnO(poly(TET)/ZnO) composites with the ratio of poly(TET) and nano-ZnO from 3:1 to 1:3 were synthesized by hand grinding and ball milling methods, respectively. The photocatalytic activities of the composites were examined through the degradation processes of methylene blue (MB) solution under UV light irradiation, and the possible mechanism for the photocatalytic activity enhancement by synergetic effects between nano-ZnO and poly(TET) was proposed. The results showed that the strong interactions between the poly(TET) and nano-ZnO occurred in the case of ball milling method. The results also proved that the crystallinity of ZnO was not disturbed in both of methods, and the nano-ZnO was uniformly distributed in polymer matrix in the case of ball milling method. The comparative studies showed that the addition of the nano-ZnO could enhance the photocatalytic activities of the composites. The highest degradation efficiency (100%) at 3 h under UV light irradiation occurred in the case of poly(TET)/ZnO(1:1) synthesized by ball milling method. Furthermore, the nanocompsosite displayed higher photocatalytic activity than nano-ZnO, which was due to the holes ( h + ) transferring from the valence band of ZnO to the polymer backbone and the adsorption of MB molecules in polymer matrix via π–π conjugation between MB and aromatic regions of the poly(TET). POLYM. COMPOS., 36:1597–1605, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
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2014
·
IF 2.354
Chengcheng Ren,Fang Wang,Zhiqing Zhang,Huihui Nie,Nan Li,Mei Cui
A novel class of Gemini imidazolium surfactants 1,3-bis(3-alkylimidazolium-1-yl) propane bromide [C n -3-C n im]Br 2 ( n = 8, 10, 12) were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, 1 H NMR and elemental analysis. The surface activity and aggregation behavior of [C n -3-C n im]Br 2 ( n = 8, 10, 12) were investigated by surface tension, conductivity and steady fluorescence methods. A series of surface active parameters, including cmc, Γ max , p C 20 , cmc/ C 20 , A min , γ cmc and Π cmc were obtained from surface tension measurement. It was indicated that Gemini imidazolium surfactants with the longer alkyl chain showed the higher surface activity. The thermodynamic parameters of micellization process, namely, standard Gibbs free energy (Δ G m ο ), enthalpy (Δ H m ο ) and entropy (Δ S m ο ) were derived from conductivity measurement at different temperatures. The micropolarity and the mean aggregation number ( N agg ) of micelles were evaluated from steady fluorescence spectra. The results revealed that the micropolarity and N agg of micelles decreased with the increase of hydrocarbon chain length.
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FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA
·
2014
·
IF 2.241
Fufeng Cai,Jessica Juweriah Ibrahim,Lijing Gao,Ruiping Wei,Guomin Xiao
Methanol and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) mixture is present in the industrial manufacturing process of DMC, which is made from the catalytic oxidative carbonylation of methanol. The separation of methanol and DMC is important but difficult due to the formation of an azeotropic mixture. This work has been focused on a study of phosphoric-based ionic liquids (ILs) as green solvents for the separation of methanol and DMC in the extraction process. The knowledge of liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) of this mixture is essential for the design of the extraction separation process. For this reason, LLE data for the ternary systems {methanol + DMC + 1-methyl-3-methylimidazolium dimethylphosphate ([MMIM][DMP])} and {methanol + DMC + 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethylphosphate ([EMIM][DEP])} were measured at T = (298.2 and 313.2) K and atmospheric pressure. The solute distribution ratio and selectivity of the methanol, derived from the tie-lines data, were calculated and analyzed in order to evaluate the capacity of the studied ILs as solvents in liquid extraction process. The experimental results show that the values of selectivity for the studied ILs follow this order: [MMIM][DMP] > [EMIM][DEP]. Finally, the experimental LLE data for the studied ternary systems were compared with the calculated values obtained by means of the non-random two liquid (NRTL) model. The NRTL model was verified to accurately correlate the experimental LLE data.
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RSC Advances
·
2015
·Vol. 5
·期 23
·17905-17914
·
IF 3.84
Jin Wang,Chenchen Guo,Yongqiang Yu,Huabing Yin,Xueting Liu,Yang Jiang
A new self-doped 3-hexylthiophene-b-sodium styrene sulfonate block copolymer (P3HT-b-PSSNa) was obtained via solution copolymerization of sodium styrene sulfonate (SSNa) with vinyl end-group poly(3-hexylthiophene) (v-P3HT), which was synthesized under Grignard metathesis (GRIM) reaction conditions. The self-doping structure can be controlled by altering the feed amounts of SSNa monomer, and it exhibited tunable properties. In comparison with v-P3HT, P3HT-b-PSSNa shows good solubility, broad absorption, higher electrical conductivity and good donor/acceptor (D/A) interface binding with CdSe quantum dots (QDs). Composites of P3HT-b-PSSNa and CdSe exhibit uniform dispersion, good compatibility and highly efficient fluorescence quenching, and surface chemical state analysis confirmed the chemical bonding between copolymer and QDs. This is helpful for rapid charge transfer of different semiconductors in the two-phase D/A interface. Here, we developed a strategy for producing a conjugated polymer with both doped stability during repeated electric cycles and compatibility with inorganic semiconductor materials.
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JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
·
2017
·
IF 3.648
Likang Fu,Libo Zhang,Shixing Wang,Jinhui Peng,Gengwei Zhang
A novel adsorbent was synthesized via modifying silica nanoparticles with 3-Amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole and was used to selectively adsorb silver ions from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to evaluate the adsorption conditions, reusability and selectivity . The results showed that the optimum pH is 5 and the maximum adsorbability was 124.52 mg/g. The adsorption rate was very high and equilibrium was achieved within 20 min. The total adsorption process preferably followed the pseudo-second order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model. The sorbent was stable and efficient. After used five times, the adsorbability was 98.72% of the initial adsorbability. Moreover, the adsorbent adsorb selectively Ag + from coexisting ions in aqueous solution.
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Advanced Healthcare Materials
·
2024
·
IF 10
Jie Tang,Yu Li,Xuefeng Hu,Wei Hua,Haoning Xu,Li Li,Fujian Xu
The systemic use of tranexamic acid (TA) as an oral drug could bring adverse reactions, while intradermal injection leads to pain and a risk of infection. Moreover, it is difficult for highly hydrophilic TA to penetrate the skin barrier that contains lots of hydrophobic lipid compounds, which poses enormous restrictions on its topical application. Current transdermal TA delivery strategies, are suffering from low drug load rates, plus its synthesis complexity, time-consumption etc., adding to the difficulty of TA topical application in clinical therapeutics. To increase the penetration of TA, a novel approach using TA-loaded ZIF-8 (TA@ZIF-8) was developed. The encapsulation efficiency of TA@ZIF-8 reached nearly 25% through physical adsorption and chemical bonding of TA indicated by theoretical simulation and the improved TA penetration was elevated through activating the aquaporin-3 (AQP-3) protein. Additionally, in vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated the preponderance of TA@ZIF-8 for penetration ability and the advantages in intracellular uptake, minor cytotoxicity, and inhibition of melanogenesis and inflammatory factors. Moreover, clinical trials have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of TA@ZIF-8 in the treatment of melasma and rosacea. This work presents a potential topical application of TA, free from the safety concerns associated with systemic drug administration. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
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