Nano Research
·
2018
·Vol. 11
·期 5
·2450-2459
·
IF 7.994
Zhang Bing,Zhao Tian-Jian,Feng Wei-Jie,Liu Yong-Xing,Wang Hong-Hui,Su Hui,Lv Li-Bing,Li Xin-Hao,Chen Jie-Sheng
The greenhouse effect and global warming are serious problems because the increasing global demand for fossil fuels has led to a rapid rise in greenhouse gas exhaust emissions in the atmosphere and disruptive changes in climate. As a major contributor, CO 2 has attracted much attention from scientists, who have attempted to convert it into useful products by electrochemical or photoelectrochemical reduction methods. Facile design of efficient but inexpensive and abundant catalysts to convert CO 2 into fuels or valuable chemical products is essential for materials chemistry and catalysis in addressing global climate change as well as the energy crisis. Herein, we show that two-dimensional fewlayer graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) can function as an efficient metal-free electrocatalyst for selective reduction of CO 2 to CO at low overpotentials with a high Faradaic efficiency of ~ 80%. The polarized surface of ultrathin g-C 3 N 4 layers (thickness: ~ 1 nm), with a more reductive conduction band, yields excellent electrochemical activity for CO 2 reduction.
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
·
2018
·Vol. 25
·期 21
·20756-20768
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IF 2.8
Wang Zhiwei,Bu Yibin,Zhao Yonghe,Zhang Zuotai,Liu Lifen,Zhou Hao
Although tellurite is highly toxic to organisms, elemental tellurium nanomaterials (TeNMs) have many uses. The microbe-mediated reduction of tellurite to Te(0) has been shown to be a green and cost-effective approach for turning waste into wealth. However, it is difficult to tune the morphology of biogenic nanomaterials. In this study, a series of experiments was conducted to investigate the factors influencing tellurite reduction by the tellurite-reducing bacterium Lysinibacillus sp. ZYM-1, including pH, tellurite concentration, temperature, and heavy metal ions. The optimal removal efficiency of tellurite was respectively achieved at pH 8, 0.5 mM tellurite, and 40 °C. All of the tested metal ions retarded the reduction of tellurite, especially Cd 2+ and Co 2+ , which completely inhibited its reduction. Further characterization of the biogenic TeNMs indicated that their morphology could be tuned by the tellurite concentration, pH, temperature, and organic solvents used. Regular Te nanosheets were produced using 5 mM tellurite. The TeNMs were primarily synthesized in the cell membrane. Hexagonal Te nanoplates, nanorods, nanoflowers, and nanobranches were synthesized when combining membrane fractions with tellurite and NADH. The diverse morphologies are assumed to be induced by the synergy between the reduction kinetics and the protein structure. Therefore, this study confirmed that the bacterium can tune the morphology of TeNMs, broadening the potential application of biogenic TeNMs.
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CELLULOSE
·
2018
·Vol. 25
·期 7
·4167-4177
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IF 3.809
Dang Baokang,Chen Yipeng,Yang Ning,Jin Chunde,Sun Qingfeng
Abstract Functionalized lignocellulose (LC) wrapped with aluminosilicate was fabricated via a facial mechanical grinding assisted hot-pressing method, which used for flame retardant composite. The aluminosilicate particles with an average size of 3 μm were distributed on the lignocellulose surface by hydrogen bonds and viscous polyacrylamide (PAM). The as-prepared aluminosilicate-PAM/lignocellulose (A-PAM/LC) composite exhibited the excellent flame-retardancy and mechanical properties. The thermal decomposition of A-PAM/LC composite delayed by 31 °C as the aluminosilicate was loaded. The heat release rate (HRR) and total heat release (THR) of A-PAM/LC composite was reduced by 20.6 and 41.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, the A-PAM/LC composite showed the maximum bending strength of 34.23 ± 1.52 MPa and increased by 67.3% compared to the PAM/LC composite. Graphical Abstract Aluminosilicate wrapped PAM/lignocellulose composite showed excellent flame-retardant and mechanical properties.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
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2018
·Vol. 29
·期 13
·11336-11344
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IF 2.324
Qiu Zhilei,Tian Xuemin,Li Yan,Zeng Yan,Fan Chao,Wang Mengjun,Hua Zhongqiu
In this paper, WO 3 nanosheets were prepared by an acidification method and Ru catalyst was loaded on the surface of nanosheets through a conventional impregnation process. NH 3 gas sensors based on the neat and Ru-loaded WO 3 nanosheets were fabricated by the scree-printing technique and their sensing properties to NH 3 were investigated. The morphologies and surface structures of neat and Ru-loaded WO 3 nanosheets were analyzed. It is revealed that WO 3 nanosheets have an irregular flake shape and Ru catalyst is found on the surface of nanosheets with an oxided state. It is also found that the sensor response of WO 3 is greatly improved by the loading of Ru. Based on the power-law response of oxygen and TPR results, the sensitization mechanism of Ru is explained. It is proposed that the introduction of Ru promotes the catalytic activity of WO 3 and in turn modulates the reaction route of NH 3 with oxygen adsorbates on the surface, which inhibit the generation of nitrogen oxides and consequently reduces the competitive adsorption with oxygen during the sensor responses.
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METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
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2018
·Vol. 49
·期 4
·2071-2076
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IF 1.834
Yan Hengwei,Yang Jianhong,Liu Zhanwei,Wang Chengzhi,Ma Wenhui
The cryolite ratio (CR) is an important parameter for the electrolyte in aluminum reduction cells. The measurement method for the CR of the KF-NaF-AlF 3 system acid (CR < 3) electrolyte by means of electrical conductivity was initially developed, and the formula for calculating the CR was deduced. This method has the advantages of simple operation and high precision. In addition, the relative standard deviations (RSD) of the measurement are < 1.2 pct, and the analysis error of the NaF or KF content has little effect on the determination of the CR.
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TRIBOLOGY LETTERS
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2018
·Vol. 66
·期 2
·1-10
·
IF 2.182
Qin Songlv,Cui Mingjun,Dai Zhendong,Qiu Shihui,Zhao Haichao,Wang Liping,Zhang Afang
A facile method is proposed to prepare poly- o -phenylenediamine (PoPD) noncovalent functionalized graphene (G)-reinforced polyimide (PI) nanocomposites. PoPD-G exhibited excellent dispersibility in various organic solvents. The structures of PoPD-G were characterized by Raman and UV spectrum, which verified the π – π interactions between PoPD and G. The effective exfoliation of graphene nanosheets was investigated by observation of the morphology of PoPD-G with SEM, SPM, and TEM. Compared to PI/G composites, the interfacial adhesion between graphene nanosheets and PI matrices promoted efficient stress transfer from PI chains to PoPD-G nanofillers. Polyimide nanocomposites with different incorporations of PoPD-G exhibited outstanding thermal properties. It is interesting to note that only 0.5 wt% PoPD-G-reinforced PI composites increased by 20.8% in hardness, enhanced by 84.0% in storage modulus, and reduced by 72.8% in wear rate compared with neat PI. The eminent enhancement was attributed to the facile dispersion of graphene nanosheets and strong interface adhesion between PI and PoPD-G.
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CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2018
·Vol. 36
·期 5
·612-619
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IF 2.016
Wang Ye,Hu Ting-Ting,Han Xiao-Long,Wang Yu-Qi,Li Ji-Ding
Cu(OH) 2 nanowires were prepared and incorporated into poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) to fabricate Cu(OH) 2 -PVDF ultrafiltration (UF) membrane via immersion precipitation phase inversion process. The effect of Cu(OH) 2 nanowires on the morphology of membranes was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The results showed that all the Cu(OH) 2 -PVDF membranes had wider fingerlike pore structure and better hydrophilicity, smoother surface than pristine PVDF membrane due to the incorporation of Cu(OH) 2 nanowires. In addition, water flux and bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection were also measured to investigate the filtration performance of membranes. The results indicated that all the Cu(OH) 2 -PVDF membranes had high water flux, outstanding BSA rejection and excellent antifouling properties. It is worth mentioning that the optimized performance could be obtained when the Cu(OH) 2 nanowires content reached 1.2 wt%. Furthermore, the membrane with 1.2 wt% Cu(OH) 2 nanowires showed outstanding oil-water emulsion separation capability.
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Scientific Reports
·
2018
·Vol. 8
·期 1
·1-10
·
IF 4.122
Xie Jiazhuo,Wang Haijun,Wang Zhou,Zhao Qinghua,Yang Yuechao,Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N.,Hao Lei,Xiao Zihao,Xu Jing
Herein, we reported the successful development of novel nanocomposite films based on linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) with enhanced anti-drop, optical, mechanical, thermal and water vapor barrier properties by introducing organophilic layered double hydroxides (OLDHs) nanosheets. OLDHs loadings were varied from 0–6 wt.%. Structural analyses using the Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) indicated that the OLDHs nanosheets were homogeneously dispersed with an ordered alignment in the LLDPE matrix. The LLDPE film containing 2 wt.% OLDHs (denoted as OLDHs-2) showed the optimal mechanical, thermal and water vapor barrier properties, whilst the anti-drop and optical performance of the films improved with increasing OLDHs content. The enhanced antidrop properties of the composite films relative to pristine LLDPE can be expected to effectively reduce agricultural losses to disease when the films are applied as agricultural films, whilst the superior light transmittance and water-retaining properties of the composite films will boost agricultural production. Results presented suggest that multifunctional LLDPE/OLDHs nanocomposites show great promise as low cost agricultural plastic films.
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TRANSACTIONS OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF METALS
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2018
·Vol. 71
·期 5
·1113-1126
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IF 0.91
Chen Jin-ping,Zhang Xue-song
Four hydrosoluble macroazacyclic compounds, phosphorus phthalocyanine and substituent phosphorus triaza tetrabenzo corrole substituted with amino or sulfonate groups respectively, were investigated as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1 mol/L HCl. The results obtained from weight loss test showed that the inhibitive efficiency of phosphorus phthalocyanine was higher than the phosphorus triaza tetrabenzo corrole; while the amino substituent phosphorus phthalocyanine showed the strongest inhibitive ability among them. The potentiodynamic tests illustrated that these inhibitors protected steel according to the mixed type mechanism on electrochemistry; while the impedance spectra revealed the increasing of charge transfer resistance and the decreasing of double layer capacitor caused by the adsorption of inhibitors. The surface analysis (XPS and SEM) proved the protection of steel surface by the adsorbed inhibitors. The molecular dynamic simulation indicated the advantages of phosphorus phthalocyanine as inhibitors associating with highly binding stability and stable adsorption configuration. The unique degradation properties of these inhibitors under visible light made them useful with environmental advantage in application.
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PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
·
2018
·Vol. 35
·期 1
·1-15
·
IF 3.335
Jin Ya,Wu Zimei,Li Caibin,Zhou Weisai,Shaw John P.,Baguley Bruce C.,Liu Jianping,Zhang Wenli
Purpose To enhance therapeutic efficacy and prevent phlebitis caused by Asulacrine (ASL) precipitation post intravenous injection, ASL-loaded hybrid micelles with size below 40 nm were developed to improve drug retention and tumor penetration. Methods ASL-micelles were prepared using different weight ratios of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-polyethyleneglycol-2000 (DSPE-PEG 2000 ) and D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) polymers. Stability of micelles was optimized in terms of critical micelle concentration (CMC) and drug release properties. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) and drug loading were determined using an established dialysis-mathematic fitting method. Multicellular spheroids (MCTS) penetration and cytotoxicity were investigated on MCF-7 cell line. Pharmacokinetics of ASL-micelles was evaluated in rats with ASL-solution as control. Results The ASL-micelles prepared with DSPE-PEG 2000 and TPGS (1:1, w /w) exhibited small size (~18.5 nm), higher EE (~94.12%), better sustained in vitro drug release with lower CMC which may be ascribed to the interaction between drug and carriers. Compared to free ASL, ASL-micelles showed better MCTS penetration capacity and more potent cytotoxicity. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that the half-life and AUC values of ASL-micelles were approximately 1.37-fold and 3.49-fold greater than that of free ASL. Conclusions The optimized DSPE-PEG 2000 /TPGS micelles could serve as a promising vehicle to improve drug retention and penetration in tumor.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
·
2018
·Vol. 29
·期 7
·5391-5400
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IF 2.324
Zeng Ming,Pang Tao,Chen Jiangbing,Huang Yiwan,Xu Qingyu,Gu Yi
The novel star shaped benzoxazine-co-urethane prepolymers are first synthesized from the natural resource castor oil, hydroxyl terminated benzoxazine and diisocyanate through the facile one-pot formulation method. Then the cured benzoxazine copolymers can be obtained by the ring-opening polymerization of oxazine groups of the prepared prepolymers. Both hexamethylene diisocyanate and 4,4′-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate are employed as aliphatic and aromatic diisocyanate, respectively, to clarify their effects on the chemical structure and high-frequency dielectric properties of copolymers. In comparison with the pure polybenzoxazine, the copolymer films occupy the improved high-frequency dielectric properties owing to the introduction of three branching aliphatic castor oil, leading to the reduction of molecular polarity and the improvement of free volume. It should be noted that the aliphatic diisocyanate not only decreases the polarity of the copolymer, but also enhances the intermolecular interaction and intermolecular entanglement between castor oil and benzoxazine for the copolymers. Accordingly, the aliphatic diisocyanate based poly(benzoxazine-co-urethane) occupies the minimum high-frequency dielectric constants (2.94, 5 GHz; 2.96, 10 GHz) and relatively high glass transition temperature (220 °C). Therefore, this work not only provides a simple path for improving high-frequency dielectric properties of benzoxazine, but also gives some insight into the effects of diisocyanates on the formation and high-frequency dielectric properties of poly(benzoxazine-co-urethane)s.
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MICROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2018
·Vol. 185
·期 10
·1-12
·
IF 5.705
Xu Cuxing,Hei Yashuang,Liu Jingju,Sun Mimi,Sha Tianze,Wang Nan,Hassan Mehboob,Bo Xiangjie,Zhou Ming
The authors describe a method for synthesis of a three-dimensional (3D) interconnected carbon nanorod aerogel (3D-ICNA) starting from wax gourd ( Benincasa hispida ) which is a low-cost biomass. The 3D-ICNA possesses unique 3D interconnected and porous nanostructure, with abundant edge-plane-like defective sites, a large specific surface area (823 m 2 g −1 ) and a large pore volume (0.12 cm 3 g −1 ). This makes the material attractive in terms of electrochemical sensing. To validate the feasibility, the voltammetric response towards ferricyanide, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), acetaminophen, ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine, uric acid and epinephrine was investigated by using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with 3D-ICNA. The modified GCE shows higher electron-transfer capacity than a conventional GCE. In addition, as an electrochemical sensor for AA or H 2 O 2 , the electrode exhibits better analytical performance with lower detection limit [3.5 μM for AA or 0.68 μM for H 2 O 2 based on 3σ/m criterion (where σ is the standard deviation of the blank and m is the slope of the calibration plot)], wider linear range and higher sensitivity (0.14, 0.11 and 0.080 μA μM −1 cm −2 for AA or 0.24 and 0.20 μA μM −1 cm −2 for H 2 O 2 ) compared to a plain GCE or a carbon nanotube-modified GCE. The modified GCE exhibits a large potential for the amperometric determination of AA or H 2 O 2 in real samples.
By employing the biomass of wax gourd ( Benincasa hispida ) as the precursor, a three-dimensional interconnected carbon nanorod aerogel was prepared. It is shown to be a viable material for the construction of an advanced electrochemical sensor for H 2 O 2 and ascorbic acid.
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