JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH
·
2026
·Vol. 28
·期 8
·219
·
IF 3.5
Hu Xingao,Wang Yuxiang,Wang Song,Tan Liqiang
The growing application of engineered nanoparticles has heightened concerns regarding their environmental release; gaining a robust understanding of their transport mechanisms, environmental fate, and behavioral dynamics in natural aquatic systems is therefore of particular importance. This study systematically investigated the aggregation and disaggregation behavior of ZnO nanoparticles in the presence of humic acid (HA) and/or Ca 2+ ions across a range of pH values. Additionally, controlled shear conditions were applied to assess the influence of hydrodynamic shear forces on ZnO nanoparticle stability. The addition of HA to the suspensions resulted in a significant decrease in zeta potential and an increase in the hydrodynamic diameter of ZnO nanoparticles, implying the occurrence of charge neutralization between nanoparticles. High shear forces were sufficient to overcome interparticle attractive forces, thereby disaggregating large particle clusters into smaller entities; in contrast, low shear forces promoted nanoparticle aggregation by enhancing collision frequency and efficiency. Higher strength factors (SF) values observed in reaction systems with elevated Ca 2+ ion concentrations indicated that aggregates formed under such conditions exhibited more compact structures and greater resistance to shear-induced fragmentation. Fluorescence spectra analysis indicated that the compact structure of ZnO nanoparticles formed under high Ca 2+ ion concentrations was most likely due to the strong chemical binding with HA and bridging mechanisms involving divalent cations formed during the aggregation process. The findings of this study provide a mechanistic basis for predicting the environmental fate and transport behavior of ZnO nanoparticles in natural aquatic environments.
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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
·
2026
·Vol. 65
·期 29
·16879-16886
·
IF 4.6
Wu Jing,Wang Ruonan,Lin Haifeng,Xing Jun,Wang Lei,Xu Jixiang
In this work, a novel ternary heterojunction consisting
of Zn vacancy-rich
zinc oxide (Zn 1– x O), a zeolitic
imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), and cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc)
was fabricated for photocatalytic N 2 fixation. The Zn 1– x O/ZIF-8 composite with bridged O–Zn–N
bonding was synthesized via in situ growth of ZIF-8 on Zn 1– x O, and it possessed a large surface area favorable
for N 2 adsorption. The incorporation of CoPc with dispersed
Co–N 4 (II) sites enhanced light harvesting and N 2 activation. Zn vacancies and coupled type II/Z-scheme charge
transfer pathways in the heterojunction accelerated the separation
of photogenerated charge carriers. As a result, the optimized catalyst
exhibited superior and stable photocatalytic N 2 reduction
performance via an alternating pathway in water, with an NH 4 + production rate of 65.2 μmol g –1 h –1 , which is 17.0 times higher than that of ZnO.
This study develops a novel ZnO-based heterojunction that simultaneously
optimizes multiple key factors for efficient photocatalytic N 2 fixation.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
Yu-Hang Gu,Kang Wu,Wei Mao,Jie-Xin Wang
Rotating packed bed (RPB) is firstly used for chemical synthesis of heterojunction. • ZnO/ZIF-8 heterojunctions achieve a record catalytic activity in PLA methanolysis. • RPB product has more oxygen vacancies and stronger Lewis acid than counterpart. • Lewis acid of ZnO and high surface area of ZIF-8 endow catalyst high activity. • Excellent activity covers various real-life polyester wastes and their mixtures. The chemical recycling of plastic is crucial for achieving a circular economy, and developing heterogeneous catalysts that combine high activity with structural stability represents a pivotal challenge. Herein, a high-gravity-assisted approach was proposed to efficiently construct ZnO/ZIF-8 (RPB-ZnO/ZIF-8) nanoheterojunctions enriched with oxygen vacancies (Ov) for polylactic acid (PLA) methanolysis to methyl lactate (MeLA). Compared to the stirred tank (ST), high-gravity synthesis drastically reduces coordination reaction time from 1 h to an extremely short time (< 1 s). The as-prepared RPB-ZnO/ZIF-8 catalyst achieved 100% PLA conversion at 100 °C in 0.5 h with a MeLA yield of 95.6%, reaching the highest activity compared to previous works so far. More importantly, it demonstrated excellent cycle stability, maintaining >92% of its initial activity after five cycles. Catalytic mechanistic investigations reveal that the Ov increases Lewis acidity of the heterojunction surface, thereby facilitating the reactants adsorption and activation, which leads to a reduction in the energy barrier for PLA methanolysis. Furthermore, RPB-ZnO/ZIF-8 catalyzes the depolymerization of other plastics effectively (e.g., polyethylene terephthalate and polycarbonate) and demonstrates remarkable versatility in converting various real-life polyester wastes and their mixtures. This study presents an efficient strategy for advancements in sustainable plastic recycling.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
Xiaochao Xu,Xiangxia Wu,Zhen Xiao,Zhi-Ang Zhao,Guanwei Peng,Jinni Shen,Lifang Yang,Wenxin Dai,Zizhong Zhang
The selective photooxidation of CH 4 into value-added chemical products under ambient conditions offers a viable pathway for the rational utilization of natural gas resources. However, the direct oxidation of methane to synthesize oxygenates still faces significant challenges due to insufficient chemo-selectivity in active intermediate radical formation and consecutive side reactions of primary products. Rather than introducing multiple metal species to create active sites, we show that controlled defect generation on the substrate offers an effective pathway for catalytic enhancement. Here we developed a ZnO aerogel-supported ruthenium single atom photocatalyst for selective conversion of CH 4 to CH 3 OH. Under ambient conditions, 1Ru/ZnO achieved a methanol production rate of 407 μmol g −1 h −1 with a high selectivity of 91.7%. The observed activity enhancement is principally attributable to two factors: (i) the ZnO aerogel microspheres with abundant dual-defect structures serve as an effective substrate material, offering abundant active sites to facilitate the CH 4 activation process; and (ii) monatomic Ru 4+ sites were employed as efficient active sites for methane adsorption and dehydrogenation; meanwhile the separation of redox sites was optimized to effectively suppress over-oxidation. The integration of aerogels (with abundant defect sites) and supported metal species offers a novel strategy for achieving direct CH 4 oxidation to CH 3 OH.
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Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2026
·Vol. 14
·期 2
·121787
·
IF 7.5
Chuanxi Li,Shengxi Chen,Bing Gao,Yueheng Niu,Bo Ran,Yibo Han,Zhaofeng Wu,Ning Tian,Qun Jing
The development of high-performance gas sensors using sustainable materials is of significant importance for environmental monitoring. This work reports a one-pot zinc acetate-assisted pyrolysis and carbonization method to prepare dandelion crown hair fiber-derived carbon microtubes (DFCMT) and their zinc oxide heterojunction composites (ZnO/DFCMT) from dandelion crown hair fibers (DCHF). The unique hollow structure of the DFCMT serves as an excellent scaffold, facilitating the mass transfer of gas molecules. More importantly, the adopted strategy simultaneously achieves carbonization and the in-situ formation of uniformly dispersed ZnO nanoparticles, effectively preventing agglomeration and creating abundant heterointerfaces. When evaluated as gas sensors, the optimized ZnO/DFCMT heterojunction exhibited remarkable enhancement in sensing performance towards four target gases, including ethylene glycol, showing 5.0–13.6 fold and 3.4–16.9 fold higher response compared to the pristine DFCMT and pure ZnO, respectively. Notably, the sensor demonstrated an ultra-low detection limit of 0.027 ppm for ethylene glycol, high sensitivity, and excellent long-term stability over 30 days. The significantly improved performance is primarily attributed to the synergistic effects of the hierarchical hollow structure and the formed heterojunctions, which promote gas adsorption and electron transfer. This work provides a sustainable and efficient strategy for designing advanced heterostructure materials for high-performance environmental sensing applications.
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INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2026
·
IF 3.9
Leibing Chen,Kairui Li,Jing Li,Xinwei Du,Haisheng Wei
The development of highly dispersed supported noble-metal catalysts is crucial for maximizing atomic utilization and enhancing catalytic performance. This work demonstrates a highly efficient Au–Pt bimetallic catalyst supported on 2-methylimidazole-modified ZnO (N-ZnO) for the chemoselective hydrogenation of nitroarenes. The modification creates strong anchoring sites for metal precursors, which, as confirmed by DFT calculations, effectively suppress metal aggregation and yield highly dispersed nanoparticles with an average size of 2.9 nm. The resulting Au–Pt/N-ZnO catalyst exhibits exceptional performance in the hydrogenation of p-chloronitrobenzene under mild conditions (50 °C and 0.5 MPa H2), achieving >99% conversion and 98.6% selectivity to p-chloroaniline, significantly outperforming its monometallic counterparts due to the synergistic effect. The catalyst also exhibited excellent recyclability and broad substrate applicability for various substituted nitroarenes. This work provides an effective strategy for fabricating highly efficient supported bimetallic catalysts through the organic ligand-mediated surface modification of metal oxide supports.
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LANGMUIR
·
2026
·
IF 4.4
Guang Li,Lisha Zhang,Iram Hussain,Zhizhen Ye,Jin-Ming Wu
Semiconductor-based photocatalysis using TiO2, ZnO, and related materials offers a promising solution for efficient wastewater treatment through light-assisted advanced oxidation processes. In this study, oxygen vacancy (Ov)-rich ZnO micrometer-sized particles (ca. 0.5 μm) are grown on a conductive carbon cloth via a one-step molten salt method. The effects of different coordinating anions added into the molten salt on the morphological characteristics of the resultant ZnO crystallites are studied. The optimized photocatalyst (CC@ZnO-3 min) achieves near-complete degradation of 20 ppm ofloxacin within 2 h under UV irradiation and in the presence of 5 mM KHSO5 (PMS). In the absence of PMS, it removes 26% of total organic carbon (TOC) after 8 h─a 6-fold improvement over commercial ZnO with an average particle size of ca. 0.2 μm, which is also immobilized on carbon cloth with a similar loading mass of ca. 7.0 mg·cm–2. Radical trapping experiments reveal that superoxide (·O2–) and holes play dominant roles in the degradation process. The engineered oxygen vacancies not only enhance charge carrier separation but also significantly improve electron transfer efficiency. This work presents a strategy for developing high-efficiency photocatalysts to address pharmaceutical pollution.
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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2026
·
IF 6
Weicheng Lei,Jinyang Cai,Changzhi Yin,Congao Jin,Xiaoqiang Song,Jiaqing Yang,Yiyang Cai,Mingfei Cheng,Yaodong Liu,Zihang Chen,Yaqing Hu,Pingan Tan,Wenzhong Lu,Wen Lei
As communication technologies advance toward high frequency bands, demand for low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) materials with low dielectric constants ( ε r ) and high quality factors ( Q×f ) continues to surge. In this work, ZnO-Al 2 O 3 -B 2 O 3 -SiO 2 (ZABS) glass-ceramics were prepared using water-quenching followed by solid-state sintering. The effect of Zn/Si ratio on crystallization activation energy, sintering behavior, phase evolution, microstructure, and dielectric properties of glass-ceramics were researched. Results indicated that the crystallization tendency of glass-ceramics reduces with the Zn/Si ratio decreases from 2 to 1.38 because of the enhances glass network stability resulting from increases SiO 2 content. However, a further decrease in the Zn/Si ratio leads to intensified crystallization tendency, which is caused by the occurrence of phase separation in the glass. All samples achieve densification in the range of 875–925 °C, with Zn 2 SiO 4 as the main crystalline phase. Dielectric properties are significantly improved by decreasing the ZnO content and increasing the SiO 2 content. The glass-ceramics with Zn/Si = 1.38 sintered at 875 °C/2 h exhibits excellent performance: ε r = 5.3, Q×f = 28200 GHz (at 15.73 GHz), a temperature coefficient of resonant frequency ( τ f ) of −33 ppm/°C, and a flexural strength of 119 MPa. These excellent dielectric properties make the developed glass-ceramics promising candidates for future LTCC applications.
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ACS Applied Electronic Materials
·
2026
·
IF 4.7
Mingzhi Jiao,Liangsong Duan,Jiade Zhang,Wei Peng,Chenyu Wen
To address the demands for efficient detection of combustible gas, such as hydrogen (H2), ethylene (C2H4), and acetylene (C2H2), in complex gas environments relevant to environmental monitoring, industrial safety, and smart homes, we developed zinc oxide (ZnO) gas sensors featuring bimetallic surface decoration with palladium (Pd) and gold (Au). Electron microscopy reveals the surface morphology of the sensing film and Pd/Au codecoration conformation, while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy supports that codecoration modulates the distribution of surface oxygen species on ZnO. Gas sensing measurements demonstrate that Pd/Au decoration enhances both sensitivity and selectivity toward H2, C2H4, and C2H2. Specifically, a sensor decorated with 0.6 nm Pd and 2.3 nm Au exhibits a 178-fold increase in response to 160 ppm H2. Furthermore, by combining particle swarm optimization algorithm for feature selection with a support vector machine classifier, a recognition accuracy of 96.07% is achieved across seven different pure and mixture gas samples. This study presents a high-accuracy ZnO-based gas sensing platform optimized through both material engineering and machine learning algorithm, providing a reliable solution for real-world applications in industrial safety and environmental monitoring.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 5.1
Yongkai Xie,Zhongyao Zhang,Xiangxue Zhang,Wenyao Chen,De Chen,Xinggui Zhou,Xuezhi Duan
Strong metal-support interactions (SMSI) are pivotal for constructing interfacial active sites, yet its precise regulation remains a formidable challenge. Here, we report a facile strategy to modulate the atmosphere-dependent SMSI in Au/ZnO catalysts by strictly regulating the oxygen partial pressure during thermal treatment. We reveal that the encapsulation degree of Au particles exhibits a volcano-shaped dependence on oxygen partial pressure, which drives electron transfer from Au to the support to create abundant interfacial oxygen vacancies (Au–O V –Zn). For the oxidative esterification of methacrolein, mechanistic investigations reveal that these interfacial defects constitute frustrated Lewis acid–base pairs to promote the formation of hemiacetal intermediates, and simultaneously serve as active sites for oxygen activation. The activated lattice oxygen migrates to the Au surface and generate active Au–O species that effectively overcome the kinetic barrier of the rate-determining β-H elimination. Driven by this interfacial synergy, the catalyst exhibiting the most pronounced SMSI achieves state-of-the-art performance with an MMA yield of 91.8%. These findings provide a new strategy for the design of high-performance catalysts via interfacial defect engineering.
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SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 9.1
Zechen Yan,Xiaofang Li,Xiaomeng Zhang,Daqian Zhuang,Qingzhong Xue,Lei Zhu
A CA-based nanofiber membrane with ZnO/SnO2 heterojunctions (d-CA@ZnO/SnO2) was fabricated by electrospinning and deacetylation process. • Efficient O/W emulsion separation performance was guaranteed due to the boosted hydrophilicity, and underwater oleophobicity. • ZnO/SnO 2 heterostructures allowed the membrane to achieve an exceptional photocatalytic self-cleaning efficiency. • Discarded membranes were able to biodegrade naturally, providing an eco-friendly wastewater treatment solution. Organic pollutant-induced membrane failure and microplastic accumulation derived from discarded spent membranes pose severe obstacles to the sustainable development of oil/water (O/W) separation membrane technology. In this study, a self-cleaning and biodegradable deacetylated cellulose acetate nanofiber membrane modified with ZnO/SnO 2 heterojunctions (d-CA@ZnO/SnO 2 ) was fabricated by electrospinning and deacetylation process. Simultaneous stripping removal of acetyl groups and polyvinylpyrrolidone fillers effectively enhanced the surface roughness of the membrane, which greatly improved its hydrophilicity and underwater oleophobicity. Benefiting from such favorable surface properties, the d-CA@ZnO/SnO 2 membrane exhibited outstanding separation performance for various O/W emulsions, resulting in the higher permeation flux (∼ 972.25 L·m −2 ·h −1 ) and separation efficiency (∼ 98.2%). Due to the staggered band alignment of ZnO/SnO 2 heterostructures, the charge carrier recombination was prominently suppressed, which allowed the membrane to achieve an exceptional photocatalytic self-cleaning efficiency with a flux recovery rate exceeding 95% via ultraviolet-driven active photodegradation of organic foulants. Meanwhile, enzymatic degradation tests confirmed that the discarded membrane could be disintegrated into fine fragments within cellulase solutions, which presented a practical and eco-friendly approach for oily wastewater purification without causing secondary microplastic pollution. Download: Download high-res image (152KB) Download: Download full-size image
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
·
2026
·Vol. 37
·期 11
·839
·
IF 3.2
Wang Suting,Meng Xiangbin,Zhang Bowen,Cheng Fei,Xing Kunpeng,Bala Hari
The electron transport layer (ETL) is critical in hole-transport-layer-free all-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Although ZnO as an ETL exhibits high electron mobility and suitable energy levels, its high surface defect density often leads to interfacial recombination losses. In this study, PbCl 2 was incorporated into the ZnO ETL to passivate interfacial defects and optimize the energy level alignment. PSCs with a structure of FTO/PbCl 2 –ZnO/CsPbBr 3 /Carbon were fabricated. The resulting carbon-based CsPbBr 3 solar cells achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.0%, representing a 40% improvement over devices based on the pristine ZnO ETL. Furthermore, the unencapsulated devices retained 95% of their initial PCE after 60 days of storage under ambient conditions.
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