Membranes
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2025
·Vol. 15
·期 7
·194
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IF 3.6
Xiaoyao Wang,Benbing Shi
Proton exchange membranes are widely used in environmentally friendly applications such as fuel cells and electrochemical hydrogen compression. In these applications, an ideal proton exchange membrane should have both excellent proton conductivity and mechanical strength. Polymer proton exchange membranes, such as sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) membranes with high ion exchange capacity, can lead to higher proton conductivity. However, the ionic groups may reduce the interaction between polymer segments, lower the membrane’s mechanical strength, and even cause it to dissolve in water as the temperature exceeds 55 °C. The porous graphitic C3N4(Pg–C3N4) nanosheet is an important two–dimensional polymeric carbon–based material and has a high content of –NH2and –NH– groups, which can interact with the sulfonic acid groups in the sulfonated SPEEK polymer, form a more continuous proton transfer channel, and inhibit the movement of the polymer segment, leading to higher proton conductivity and mechanical strength. In this study, we found that a SPEEK membrane containing 3% Pg–C3N4nanosheets achieves the optimized proton conductivity of 138 mS/cm (80 °C and 100% RH) and a mechanical strength of 74.1 MPa, improving both proton conductivity and mechanical strength by over 50% compared to the SPEEK membrane.
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Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2025
·
IF 7.2
Haoran Sun,Chen Wang,Yucheng Liu,Mingming Yin,Shuo Wang,Lizhang Wang
To tackle the escalating problems of organic wastewater pollution and CO 2 emissions, we have developed a long-term operational electrocatalytic device for the one-pot electrochemical conversion of organic pollutants (using C 3 H 8 O 3 as a model compound) into liquid fuels. Commercial Pt/Ti and Sn served as the anode and cathode, respectively, with current density adjusted by varying the anolyte salt concentration. Experimental results show that the CO 2 proportion in the anode gas is low (<7 %), creating a “CO₂-depleted environment (2.6–6.6 % v/v )” in the cathode chamber. Surprisingly, formate can also be produced and the Carbon Utilization Efficiency (CUE) exceeds 80 %, despite the Faraday efficiency for formate (FE HCOO - ) consistently remaining below 2 % due to insufficient CO 2 supply from organic wastewater oxidation. While increased current density can boost CO 2 production, it concurrently exacerbates OH- accumulation, leading to a decrease in CUE, which necessitates finding an optimal balance between the two factors. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that increased CO 2 production in a “CO 2 -depleted” environment effectively enhances CO 2 adsorption energy on Sn and increases the reaction current density. This work reveals that the critical factor in enhancing FE HCOO - is identifying the optimal balance between anode CO₂ generation and cathode CO₂ utilization by adjusting current density, thus offering theoretical insights for targeted electrode fabrication and operational parameter optimization.
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INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2025
·
IF 6.2
Di Xie,Jinhong Li,Congcong Zhang,Siwen Yang,An Yang,Shanshan Song,Yongming Song
An increasing interest in utilizing biomass resources to develop bioplastics, aiming to mitigate the environmental and energy issues resulting from the use of petroleum-based plastics. However, bioplastics that suffering from poor interface bonding and hydrophilicity of the feedstock usually exhibit inadequate mechanical properties, water stability and functionality, which hinder their practical applications. Herein, a simple and effective strategy was proposed to develop high-performance starch-based bioplastics with thermoplastic by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxy-oxidized cellulose nanofibers and different modified starch fillers coupled with chemical cross-linking reinforcement. Due to the full utilization of the advantages of each component, outstanding interface bonding and rich chemical cross-linking, all the obtained modified starch-based bioplastics demonstrated excellent mechanical properties (up to 20.52 MPa) and superior water stability. Besides, the starch-based bioplastics could be reused after dissolution-regeneration, and completely biodegradable after disposal. At the same time, the starch-based bioplastics exhibited remarkable heat-sealing properties, which provided more convenient possibility of producing packaging materials for bioplastics used in different fields.
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Journal of Materials Chemistry C
·
2025
·
IF 5.1
Xu Li,Yuzhou Chen,Yunlong Dong,Yang Li,Yuelan Lv,Yongjun Liu
Traditional single-channel message encryption can only store a limited amount of encrypted information, and the lower level of security makes the decryption process very vulnerable. In this regard creating a multi-channel message encryption combining structural color, photoluminescence, and chiral optical properties is necessary. In this work, a cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)/glycerol (Gly)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) ternary cellulose nanocrystal composite film is designed with excellent optical properties, unique structural features and good mechanical properties, which can effectively respond to left-hand circularly polarized light, viewing angle and relative humidity changes. Microanalysis showed that the presence of Gly and PVP would not hinder the self-assembly of CNCs in aqueous solution and would enhance the mechanical properties and improve the structural color of the composite films. Afterwards, the fluorescent dye spiropyran (SP) was introduced into the system, and the composite film SP-CNC produces richer color effects. Based on this, we constructed a multi-channel message encryption model by combining the excellent optical properties of CNCs, the photoluminescence properties of SP dyes, and the classical Vigenère cipher. This greatly improves the security level of message encryption and provides a powerful strategy for large-capacity and high-security message encryption.
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Journal of Materials Chemistry C
·
2025
·
IF 5.1
Liqiu Yang,Jie Wang,Jinyu Wang,Xiaoyu Wang,Shuai Huang,Tao Yang,Quan Li
When sensing favorable signals, peritrichous bacteria such as E. coli can switch from the “running” to the “tumbling” mode by reversing the rotation direction, resulting in the unbundling of flagella. Inspired by this adaptive behavior, we have developed bi-flagellated soft robots using 3D-printed liquid crystal elastomers/gels. These artificial flagella exhibit helicity reversal when the environmental temperature exceeds the nematic-to-isotropic temperature. The structural parameter transition allows individual flagella to change from helical to planar structures. Meanwhile, the bundling states between the flagella can be manipulated through the hydrodynamic couplings during rotation, thus altering the propulsion behavior of the robots. This dynamic control mechanism, akin to the bacterial chemotactic behaviors, effectively transforms material intelligence into self-adapting robots. Our design presents a novel approach to fabricating adaptive soft machines, with potential applications in various fields of robotics and beyond.
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2025
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IF 11.3
Hongshan Jia,Xinyue Duan,Jie Liu,Fei Zhu,Yinlong Li,Jing Yang,Yuxing Han,Yingqing Zhan
The practical application of hydrogel-based polymer membranes in separating emulsified oily wastewater is hindered by their dynamic interfacial instability and insufficient inherent self-cleaning capacity. Herein, the polyvinyl alcohol-tannic acid (PVA-TA) hydrogel decorated polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber composite membrane with super-wetting and photothermal-catalytic self-cleaning features was constructed via hydrogen bond crosslinking and nano-reinforcement of thorn ball-like Bi 19 Br 3 S 27 -PDA-Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 core@double-shell nanohybrid (BB@PAN). The oil repellence test, density functional theory calculation, and molecular dynamics simulation verified the super-wettable and ultra-low oil adhesion behavior of BB@PAN composite membrane, resulting in highly efficient separation of oil-in-water emulsions (Flux: 1943–2626 L m −2 h −1 , oil rejection rate: 99.19–99.57 %). Owing to the nano-enhancement and multiple hydrogen bonds, the BB@PAN membrane retained its structural integrity and separation stability under extreme conditions. The broad-spectrum response and high light absorption efficiency of 3D core@double-shell structure (BOB-PDA-BBS) endowed the membrane with efficient photothermal conversion (temperature reached 62.56 °C within 24 min), enabling rapid volatilization of adhered light oils and effectively preventing a decline in permeation flux. With the support of PDA-mediated electron transfer bridge, the BB@PAN composite membrane achieved outstanding photocatalytic self-cleaning efficiency, as evidenced by its high degradation rate for various dyes. Therefore, the photothermal-catalytic double-mode self-cleaning mechanism tremendously addresses the complicated membrane fouling issues caused by oils and organic pollutants.
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Current Protocols
·
2025
·Vol. 5
·期 10
·e70241
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IF 2.2
Yiming Zhao,Jingjun Hong
Chromatin remodeling is a process of regulating gene expression levels by altering chromatin structure, facilitated by chromatin remodeling factors. ISWI (Imitation SWItch), a type of chromatin remodeling factor, plays a crucial role in epigenetic regulatory processes, such as cell differentiation and development. It primarily achieves remodeling effects by promoting the direct sliding of nucleosomes and their relocation on DNA. To study the function and structural characteristics of ISWI, this basic protocol describes a simple and rapid procedure for the large-scale expression and purification of soluble Ct ISWI 77-1038 and Ct ATPase 77-722 proteins in Escherichia coli ( E. coli ). The procedure provides high yields (∼20 mg) and is followed by in vitro measurement of ATP hydrolysis activity. © 2025 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol : Expression, purification, and ATP hydrolysis activity measurement of Ct ISWI and Ct ATPase
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Science China-Materials
·
2025
·
IF 7.4
Shen Jiaxin,Feng Tao,Li Chen,Hou Shisheng,Yin Kuibo,Bi Hengchang,Sun Litao
Converting hydrogels into one-dimensional (1D) fiber structures and integrating them into textiles offers a promising approach for the development of smart wearable devices. However, under repeated deformations, the fracture of low-energy amorphous crosslinking structure in the hydrogel leads to fatigue and hysteresis. This severely impairs the mechanical properties of hydrogel fibers and limits their potential applications. In this study, a novel strategy for fabricating composite hydrogel smart fibers featuring exceptional mechanical robustness and multisensory capabilities is proposed. By integrating an Ecoflex elastomer backbone into the organic hydrogel, the fatigue resistance is enhanced and hysteresis is eliminated, and no significant degradation of mechanical properties is observed after 10,000 cycles of 200% strain loading and unloading. The strain sensor based on this fiber has high sensitivity (gauge factor ∼3.0), fast response (140 ms)/recovery time (130 ms), and excellent repeatability (10,000 cycles at 70% strain). Moreover, the organic hydrogel/Ecoflex fiber (OHEF) exhibits remarkable resistance to dehydration and freezing. Smart textiles based on OHEF can detect diverse external stimuli, including deformation, temperature, proximity, pressure, and can perform passive sensing. The successful development of this fiber represents significant progress in applying hydrogels to wearable devices. Its multisensory properties highlight the great potential of OHEF for wearable electronics applications.
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Nature Communications
·
2025
·Vol. 16
·期 1
·1-12
·
IF 15.7
Guo Xingkui,Zhang Lijie,Zhuo Hao,Chen Chuyang,Yang Hang,Li Tian,Qi Haobo,Zhai Wei
Zwitterionic hydrogels have emerged as promising candidates for diverse applications, especially in epidermal electronics, due to their prominent hemocompatibility, superhydration, and nonfouling properties. However, their practical applications are often severely hindered by inadequate mechanical properties and limited functionalities. Here, we develop a mechanically robust zwitterionic hydrogel with an optimal combination of functions (RHOCF) by constructing a consolidated dynamic supramolecular framework and a spatially multiscale hierarchical structure. By finely introducing a reinforced entangled supramolecular network, along with hierarchical architectures across multiple length scales into the zwitterionic hydrogel system, we can engineer highly stiff and tough zwitterionic hydrogels that seamlessly integrate typically incompatible mechanical properties, including excellent stretchability, notable tensile strength, high fracture toughness, considerable stiffness, and great resilience. The RHOCF further integrates optical transparency, ionic conductivity, self-adhesion, and freezing tolerance, enabling conformal contact with dynamic, irregular surfaces for stable motion sensing and artifact-free electrophysiological signal acquisition.
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RSC Advances
·
2025
·Vol. 15
·期 48
·40478-40490
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IF 4.6
Qisong Feng,Junjun Ma,Yankun Shen,Zheng Zhou,Shilian Wu,Juan Wang,Junpeng Li,Yu Yang
Flexible printed electronics represent a swift, efficient, and cost-effective technique for depositing metallic conductive materials onto flexible substrates, particularly with the pivotal advancement of functional conductive inks. Metal–organic decomposition conductive inks have garnered substantial interest owing to their straightforward synthesis, convenient storage, and low processing temperatures. However, during low-temperature heating, these inks frequently encounter issues such as fast pyrolysis and gas escape, leading to numerous defects in the microstructure of silver films. Moreover, low silver content results in a high volumetric shrinkage rate, negatively impacting electrical conductivity. To address these limitations, this study synthesized four distinct silver precursors and conducted an in-depth analysis of their chemical compositions, thermal behaviors, and microscopic morphologies. Conductive inks were developed with a high silver content using silver citrate as the silver source with gradient thermal volatilization and low-temperature reduction properties. The impact of solvents and complexing agents on the performance of ink formulations was then examined. Furthermore, the evolution of the inks' microstructure was investigated during thermal decomposition along with the influence of the microscopic morphology on electrical conductivity. Finally, the thermal decomposition mechanism was elucidated in detail. By introducing organic solvents with varying boiling points, the intensity of thermal decomposition was effectively reduced, thereby minimizing the appearance of surface defects such as bubble holes and sintering marks. This strategy significantly enhanced the density of the silver film, reduced its surface roughness, and improved its electrical conductivity.
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JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
·
2025
·
IF 4.6
Ke Zhang,Zhihua Li,Xiaowei Huang,Yaning Qin,Junjun Zhang,Sulafa B.H. Hashim,Haoyang Xu,Ruoying Zhang,Jiyong Shi,Xiaobo Zou
This study developed a pore-tunable colorimetric aerogel based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and butterfly pea anthocyanin (BA) via sol-gel/freeze-drying, for real-time food freshness monitoring. The regulatory mechanisms of volume ratios on the aerogel's morphology, microstructure, physical properties, and release behavior were systematically investigated. The results demonstrated that CMC and PVA formed a stable 3D-H-bonded network, endowing the aerogel with outstanding water absorption capacity (2468.27 %), high hardness (7008.24 g), and excellent thermal stability. At a CMC/PVA ratio of 1:1, the uniform and dense pore structure modulated the BA diffusion pathways, achieving a continuous and controllable release behavior consistent with Fick diffusion kinetics. Furthermore, the BA-loaded aerogel exhibited high sensitivity to pH buffers and ammonia vapor (with a detection limit of 0.39 μM for ammonia), along with reversible color changes. During pork quality monitoring, the C1P1T (where 'C' and 'P' denote the mass of CMC and PVA, respectively, and 'T' indicates that the aerogel was loaded with BA extract) aerogel showed distinguishable color changes, clearly distinguishing between fresh, sub-fresh, and spoiled stages. This work provides a novel strategy for developing overly sensitive intelligent indicator systems for meat freshness monitoring.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Ning Luo,Fengyu Gao,Hengheng Liu,Lei Yi,Zirong Niu,Erhong Duan,Honghong Yi,Long Sun,Shunzheng Zhao,Yuansong Zhou,Shangfeng Du,Xiaolong Tang
The removal of NOₓ emissions from flue gas by NH 3 selective catalytic reduction (SCR) over catalysts has always been a challenge due to poisoning from the contained water and sulfur. This study demonstrates that rather than poisoning, the contained H 2 O and SO 2 can work positively through an in-situ sulfation process for CoMn 2 O 4 /CeTiOₓ (CMCT) catalysts, thus providing a synergistic effect for CO oxidation and NH 3 -SCR for improving the catalyst activity and selectivity. The obtained sulfated catalyst, achieves over 90 % conversion for NOₓ and about 100 % for CO with nearly 90 % N 2 selectivity at 225–350 °C. The mechanism studies are conducted and the enhanced effect for NH 3 -SCR is revealed from the formed Brønsted acid, surface sulfates, and the reactive oxygen species (O*) generated during CO oxidation. Furthermore, the function of CO adsorption is explored in separating reaction sites and suppressing excessive NH 3 oxidation for achieving high N 2 selectivity.
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