RSC Advances
·
2018
·Vol. 8
·期 53
·30530-30538
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IF 2.936
Wei Han,Wenjuan Wang,Yongchang Dong,Mei Li,Xiaoguang Yang,Milin Zhang
The electrode reaction of Pb(II) and co-reduction of Li(I) and Pb(II) were investigated on a tungsten electrode in LiCl–KCl eutectic melts by a range of electrochemical techniques. From cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry measurements, the reduction of Pb(II) was found to be a one-step diffusion-controlled reversible process with the exchange of 2 electrons. The diffusion coefficients of Pb(II) were computed, and they obey the Arrhenius law. Using the linear polarization technique, the kinetic parameters, such as exchange current intensity (j0), standard rate constant (k0) and charge transfer resistance (Rct) for the Pb(II)/Pb(0) couple on a tungsten electrode were studied at different temperatures, and the activation energy is 27.32 kJ mol−1, smaller than the one for diffusion of Pb(II), which further confirmed that the reduction of Pb(II) was controlled by diffusion. A depolarisation effect for Li(I) reduction was observed from the results of cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry and chronopotentiometry due to the formation of Li–Pb alloys by co-reduction of Li(I) and Pb(II). Furthermore, five Li–Pb intermetallic compounds, LiPb, Li8Pb3, Li3Pb, Li10Pb3 and Li17Pb4 characterized by scanning electronic microscopy and X-ray diffraction, were selectively prepared by potentiostatic electrolysis on a tungsten electrode and galvanostatic electrolysis on a liquid Pb electrode, respectively.
研究领域:
电化学
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材料科学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Catalysts
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2020
·Vol. 10
·期 2
·207
·
IF 3.52
Hua Nie,Wei Li,Qirong Wu,Vladislav Rac,Vesna Rakić,Xuesen Du
Poisoning effects by alkali metal chlorides is one of the major reasons for the deactivation of SCR catalyst in biomass-fired plants. In this study, the influence of KCl on two vanadium-based catalysts with different promoters, V2O5-WO3/TiO2and V2O5-Ce(SO4)2/TiO2, was investigated. The catalytic activity of the fresh V2O5-WO3/TiO2was higher than that of V2O5-Ce(SO4)2/TiO2at low temperatures. V2O5-Ce(SO4)2/TiO2performed better than V2O5-WO3/TiO2when KCl was deposited on the catalyst surface. Both poisoned catalysts were efficiently regenerated by SO2treatment. The characterization results show that the reducibility and acidity of the catalysts were weakened by KCl deposition but regenerated by SO2.
研究领域:
环境催化
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大气污染控制
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材料化学
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工业催化
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能源工程
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF RARE EARTHS
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2020
·
IF 3.104
Mei Li,Yongcheng Zhang,Haiming Li,Hailing Jiang,Wei Han,Yang Sun
In the present work, cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV) and chronopotentiometry (CP) were used to investigate the electrochemical coreduction behaviors of La(III) and Mg(II) as well as La(III), Mg(II) and Mn(II) on Mo electrode in LiCl + KCl molten salts. CV and SWV results exhibit that the coreduction mechanism of La (III) and Mg(II) on Mo electrode is that La(III) is reduced and Mg–La intermetallic compound is formed, leading to the deposition potential of La(III) shifting to more positive one. The electrochemical signals pertaining to the formation of metallic La, Mg and Mn as well as Mg–La intermetallic compound are also observed by coreduction of La(III), Mg(II), and Mn(II) in LiCl + KCl molten salt on the inert Mo electrode. However, the electrochemical signals associated with the formation of La–Mn and Mg–Mn alloys are not observed, which means that the depolarization effect of La(III) and Mg(II) does not occur on pre-deposited Mn electrode. The Mg–La–Mn alloys were formed by co-deposition of La(III), Mg(II), and Mn(II) on Mo electrode at various concentration ratios of La(III) and Mg(II). The results of scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction displays that the Mg–La–Mn alloys are comprised of La–Mg compound Mg 17 La 2 , Mg and Mn phases. The concentration ratio of La(III) and Mn(II) has few effects on the alloy composition .
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
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2020
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IF 5.065
Rui-Zhi Cui
The experimental solubility of LiCl–Li 2 SO 4 –MgCl 2 –MgSO 4 –H 2 O and KCl–K 2 SO 4 –MgCl 2 –MgSO 4 –H 2 O systems was measured at 288.15 K. The corresponding stable phase diagrams and water content diagrams were plotted by experimental results. Double salt was formed in both two systems. There are six phase fields, nine univariant solution curves and four invariant points in the phase diagram of LiCl–Li 2 SO 4 –MgCl 2 –MgSO 4 –H 2 O system. And the diagram of another system has seven invariant points and eight crystallization regions. By using multiple linear regression method, parameter Ψ Li,Cl,SO4 and the solubility equilibrium constants of double salt KCl·MgSO 4 ·3H 2 O were obtained by solubility data fitting at 288.15 K. The equilibrium solubility of salts in above systems at the same temperature was predicted with Pitzer's electrolyte solution model and mathematical calculation software. The results indicate that the predicted data are in correspondence with experiments.
研究领域:
化学
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材料科学
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高影响因子
Energy & Environmental Science
·
2022
·Vol. 15
·期 12
·5379-5390
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IF 39.714
Yuchen Li,Qikai Li,Xinbo Zhang,Jiajia Zhang,Shuaihua Wang,Liuqin Lai,Kang Zhu,Weishu Liu
Quasi-solid-state ionic thermoelectric (i-TE) cells have attracted increasing interest due to their high thermopower and easy solution processability for flexible and wearable thermoelectric devices. However, many i-TE gels have drawbacks of a narrow working temperature range (ΔTmax) and low power density. In this study, we introduced glutaraldehyde into the gelatin-KCl-FeCN4−/3− matrix, forming strong covalent bonds and interconnected porous structures, which significantly improve ΔTmax from 9 °C to 23 °C. The formed gelatin/GTA polymer network increases the entropy difference between the redox couples of FeCN4−/3−, thereby enhancing its thermopower. For the first time, a high thermopower of 24.7 mV K−1, a record-high power density of 9.6 mW m−2 K−2 and a 2 h energy density (E2h) of 198 J m−2 are achieved simultaneously in a quasi-solid-state i-TE cell. The i-TE cell exhibits good cycling performance in long-term power generation, corresponding to an average E2h value of 175 J m−2 after the whole cycling process. A flexible and wearable device consisting of 16 i-TE cells can generate a high voltage of 3.6 V and an output power of 115 μW by harvesting body heat. This work provides a general route to increase the working temperature range and output power density of gel-based i-TE cells through a molecular-level approach.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源技术
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DOI
高影响因子
THERMOCHIMICA ACTA
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2011
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IF 1.908
Xiaohong Zhao,Xueqiao Xie,Yongsheng Yan
Binodal data of poly(propylene glycol) PPG 400 + salt ((NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , MgSO 4 , and KCl) + H 2 O systems were determined at T = 298.15 K, and binodal data of PPG 400 + KAc + H 2 O system was determined at T = (298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K. Moreover, the binodal curves were fitted to Merchuk equation, and the tie-lines were fitted to both the Othmer–Tobias and Bancroft equations. The effects of temperature and salts on the binodals and tie-lines of the investigated ATPSs were also studied. Finally, the salting-out ability of salts on the polymer was obtained by fitting the Setschenow-type equation to the tie-line data to derive a salting-out coefficient ( k S ) for each salt. For potassium salts, the relative effectiveness of the anions in inducing the phase segregation in ATPSs follows the Hofmeister series. The relative salting-out effectiveness of the sulfate salts is influenced by complexation of the cations by PPG.
研究领域:
化学工程
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生物技术
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DOI
高影响因子
POWDER TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 4.6
Hao Sun,Guoxun Jing,Hailin Jia,Xinshan Peng,Meng Wang,Chenlong Geng
A modified structured dry water (SCDW) was prepared by introducing sodium alginate (SA) and calcium L-lactate (CL) into conventional dry water (DW) to mitigate the risks associated with methane–air explosions. The preparation parameters were optimized, yielding uniformly distributed and structurally stable particles. The results demonstrate that SCDW exhibits superior mechanical stability and water retention compared to DW. Pipeline explosion experiments evaluated the suppression performance of six sodium- and potassium-modified SCDWs. At spraying concentrations of 25–100 g/m 3 , all modified SCDWs significantly reduced the maximum explosion pressure and flame propagation distance, outperforming DW. Specifically, 5 wt% KCl-SCDW at 100 g/m 3 reduced the maximum explosion pressure and flame propagation distance by 38.75 % and 24.10 %, respectively, compared to DW. When the spraying concentration exceeded 200 g/m 3 , both parameters stabilized. A quantitative analysis of five explosion-related parameters confirmed that salt-modified SCDWs provided superior suppression performance compared to DW, with potassium-modified SCDWs exhibiting stronger effects than sodium-modified ones, and KCl-SCDW demonstrating the best suppression performance. HSC and Chemkin simulations revealed that SCDW exerts both physical and chemical suppression effects. Physically, DW particles suppress combustion through evaporative cooling, oxygen dilution, energy absorption from particle collisions, and thermal radiation blocking. Chemically, gaseous active species capture and consume H and OH free radicals, interrupting chain reactions through catalytic cycles and generating stable compounds, thereby reducing the maximum explosion pressure and flame propagation speed. Modified SCDWs offer an environmentally friendly, stable, and efficient approach to methane-air explosion suppression.
研究领域:
化学工程
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安全工程
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燃烧科学
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环境科学
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材料科学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
·
2016
·
IF 2.196
Lijiang Guo,Haijun Han,Ouyang Dong,Yan Yao
Water activities of the high concentration solid solution-aqueous solution system (SS-AS) KCl–RbCl–H 2 O and its sub-binary systems at T = 298.15 K and T = 323.15 K have been elaborately measured by an isopiestic method. The solubility of this ternary system at T = (298.15, 308.15 and 323.15) K was also measured by a Flow-Cloud-Point method. A Pitzer model was used to estimate the reliability of the solubility reported in the literature, and to judge the type of solid phase, by correlating the measured water activity and the reported solubility values. The binary model parameters as a function of temperature between T = 298.15 K and T = 323.15 K were obtained by fitting the water activities in the binary systems. The predicted water activities at T = 298.15 K and T = 323.15 K with the obtained binary parameters only, are in good agreement with the experimental values, which indicate that the Pitzer model can reliably represent the properties of the ternary system, with binary parameters only within the temperature range from T = 298.15 K to T = 323.15 K. Under the different assumptions that the equilibrium solid phase involved the pure salts (KCl (s) and RbCl (s) ) for the ideal solid solution or regular solid solution (K, Rb)Cl (ss) , the solubility isotherms at T = (298.15, 308.15 and 323.15) K were calculated and compared to experimental results, respectively. It was found that only the calculated solubility isotherms for (K, Rb)Cl (ss) regular solid solution are consistent with the corresponding experimental values. The solid phase equilibrated with the aqueous solution in the KCl–RbCl–H 2 O ternary system should be a regular solid solution (K, Rb)Cl (ss) . This conclusion also can be verified from the Lippman log ∑ K − X s − X act and Φ ∑ m − X s − X aq equilibrium diagrams.
研究领域:
物理化学
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热力学
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DOI
高影响因子
FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2022
·
IF 9.231
Beibei Jia,Jinyu Chen,Gongru Yang,Jingyi Bi,Jinting Guo,Kun Shang,Siyang Wang,Zijian Wu,Kunsheng Zhang
The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of phosphates coupled with KCl (at 0, 0.01 and 0.03 M) affecting gel and emulsifying properties of myofibrillar protein (MP) from mantis shrimp. 31 P NMR showed that phosphate groups were introduced to MP after treatment with sodium pyrophosphate (SPP) or sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP). The incorporation of phosphates enhanced electronegativity and solubility of MP, leading to exposure of hydrophobic groups, especially in the presence of 0.03 M KCl. These changes resulted in increased gel strength, water-holding capacity and elasticity of MP, mainly due to the improved cross-linking of proteins via ionic interaction, hydrophobic interaction and disulfide bonds. Furthermore, the combination of phosphate and KCl contributed to formation of more stable emulsions stabilized by MP with higher emulsifying activity and smaller droplet size. These results indicated that phosphates and low-dose sodium substitutes synergistically improved the processing properties of muscle food.
研究领域:
食品科学
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生物化学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2019
·
IF 5.399
Ge Ge,Yurui Han,Jiabao Zheng,Mouming Zhao,Weizheng Sun
Effects of partial substitution of NaCl with KCl, MgCl 2 or CaCl 2 on oxidative characteristics of myofibrillar protein (MP) in a hydroxyl radical generating system and their heat-induced gel properties were investigated. Results indicated that MP oxidation is dependent upon the different chloride salt types and substitution degree. MP at 0.60 M NaCl was beneficial to protein unfolding and gel quality in the oxidative system. Increased formation of disulfide bonds affected the MP conformation and resulted in a large particle size and an aggregated network of gel at the 50% substitution degree of KCl. The presence of CaCl 2 or MgCl 2 substitutes contributed to protein polymerization and insolubility. MP aggregation restrained the formation of dense and continuous gel networks during heating, and thus resulted in a low-grade gel. Ca 2+ had more serious impact on gel properties than Mg 2+ , dependent on different cation effects. Substitution of 25% NaCl by KCl gave acceptable gel quality in MP.
研究领域:
食品科学
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生物化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Water
·
2025
·Vol. 17
·期 19
·
IF 3
Trung-Kien Pham,Quynh-Trang Thi Hoang,Cham-Anh Thi Le,Thi-Huyen Tran,Koemhong Bun,Ngoc-Tuyet Thi Le,Van-Son Ho,Van-Hieu Ngo,Quang-Duyen Le,Madina Naukanova
Water shortage has been a serious issue for many years. Hydrate-based desalination (HBD) technology is a potential candidate for this solution. The present study investigates the use of Cyclopentane (CP) as a hydrate former for desalination through crystallization at low temperatures and atmospheric pressure. The primary objective of this work is to provide phase equilibrium data for CP hydrates (CPH) in the presence of novel salt systems, including NaBr, KBr, K2SO4, NaBr–KBr, NaCl–NaBr, KCl–KBr, Na2SO4–K2SO4, and CaCl2–MgCl2. Phase equilibrium temperatures were determined using both rapid and slow dissociation procedures. The van der Waals and Platteeuw-based Kihara (Kihara) approach, Hu-Lee-Sum (HLS) correlation, Standard Freezing Point Depression (SFPD) approach, and Activity-Based Occupancy Correlation (ABOC) were applied to model these new experimental data. The experimental results demonstrate that the differences between the quick and slow procedure data range from 0 °C to 1.2 °C. In addition, the increasing salt concentration enhances the inhibitory effect on hydrate formation. Furthermore, the influence of cations on the equilibrium temperature follows the decreasing order of Mg2+> Ca2+> Na+> K+. In terms of halide anions, Br−exhibits a stronger impact on equilibrium temperature compared to Cl−. The thermodynamic modeling results (for all four models) show good agreement with the experimental data with the average absolute deviation (AAD) of less than or equal to 0.79 °C. The ABOC approach proves to be the most effective among the four methods evaluated for accurately reproducing the equilibrium temperature of CPH, with AAD less than or equal to 0.38 °C.
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高影响因子
Journal of Materials Chemistry C
·
2025
·
IF 5.1
Sijia Liu,Heng Peng,Yi Yang,Qingrui Cai,Xiaohan Yu,Yuhuan Xiao,Conghua Zhou
The crystallization behavior of lead halide perovskites (PVSKs) is regulated by blending KCl in PbI2 during the two-step growth method, and the effects of KCl blending on photovoltaic and reverse-bias stability are studied for the hole-conductor-free, carbon-electrode based perovskite solar cells (CPSCs). It is observed that KCl compresses the PbI2 lattice and slows down the reaction rate between PbI2 and organic salt, resulting in a “slow-release effect” on PbI2. This effect helps improve PVSK crystallization and prolong the lifetime of photo-generated charge carriers, leading to an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.16 V and a VOC deficit as low as 0.37 V (non-radiative VOC deficit of ∼0.1 V) for the hole-conductor-free CPSCs. Furthermore, power conversion efficiency (PCE) increase from 17.36% to 19.66%. Reverse-bias stability is studied through the examination of electrical stress and thermal image techniques. Owing to the improved crystallization, KCl blending results in a higher breakdown voltage and prolonged electrical stability. A type of “reverse-bias luminescence” (RBL) is newly exhibited. An external quantum efficiency (EQE) of ∼5% is obtained at reverse bias of −4 V. The RBL behavior can be ascribed to the defect-assisted charge-tunneling process. This study not only provides a strategy to further improve the stability of hole-conductor-free CPSCs, but also expands the application to the light-emitting field.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源技术
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光电工程
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DOI
高影响因子
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