JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2021
·Vol. 139
·期 6
·51614
·
IF 3.125
Wenyi Zhang,Zhongwei Chen,Yuan Yu,Tingting Chen,Qingwu Zhang,Changxin Li,Zhiquan Chen,Wei Gao,Juncheng Jiang
Phosphorus and silicon co-doped graphitic carbon nitride (PSiCN) was synthesized by inducing the polycondensation reaction of melamine, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, and silicic acid. The structure and thermal properties of PSiCN were characterized. With the incorporation of 2 wt% of PSiCN and 8 wt% of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), EP/2PSiCN-8APP composite exhibited a limiting oxygen index value of 29.0% and passed a UL-94V-0 rating, which reached the refractory level. The thermogravimetric analysis confirmed that the addition of PSiCN and APP improved the thermal stability of the composites. The cone calorimetry test (CCT) revealed that the peak of heat release rate, total heat release, the peak of smoke production rate and total smoke production of EP/2PSiCN-8APP composite was reduced by 71.1%, 53.5%, 65.4%, and 53.5%, respectively, compared with pure EP. Furthermore, the residues after CCT were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, laser Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the flame retardant mechanism of EP/2PSiCN-8APP composite was proposed. Finally, the parallel arrangement of the aromatic ring and the surface of the PSiCN and the synergistic effect of the P/N/Si multi-element resulted in EP/2PSiCN-8APP with excellent mechanical properties.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
·
燃烧与防火科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2025
·
IF 7.3
Zihan Zhao,Chunfeng Li,Lei Le,Mingli Liu,Zhihao Zhang
The expanding application of corn stalk/polypropylene composites (CPCs) is accompanied by increasingly stringent performance requirements. Consequently, endowing flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and multifunctionality to CPCs while maintaining their mechanical properties is significant. Herein, a biobased flame retardant, arginine/ZIF-67 dual-modified ammonium polyphosphate (APP-Arg-MOF; MOF, metal–organic framework), for CPCs was engineered. APP was first functionalized with Arg via ion exchange to enhance its compatibility and flame retardancy. Subsequently, ZIF-67 was uniformly grown on APP-Arg through coordination-driven assembly using cobalt ions and 2-methylimidazole. The experimental results explained the exceptional multifunctional enhancement. The CPC/APP-Arg-MOF composite achieved a limiting oxygen index of 29.2% and passed the UL-94 V-0 rating. Cone calorimetry revealed significant reductions in the peak heat release rate (63.1%), total heat release (21.9%), and total smoke production (34.7%). Remarkably, the bending and tensile strengths increased by 10.0% and 26.9%, respectively, relative to CPC/APP, attributed to improved interfacial compatibility via Arg and ZIF-67 nanostructures. Furthermore, the CPC/APP-Arg-MOF composite exhibited potent antimicrobial activity, with inhibition rates of 97% against E. coli and 99% against S. aureus, leveraging synergistic effects of Arg and Co2+ release from ZIF-67. Meanwhile, the composite also maintained flame-retardant and antibacterial properties after 200 h of UV aging. Therefore, this work presents a sustainable APP surface modification strategy by utilizing Arg and ZIF-67 to simultaneously enhance fire safety, smoke suppression, and mechanical, antimicrobial, and anti-UV aging performances of CPC, offering significant potential for CPC applications.
研究领域:
高分子复合材料
·
阻燃化学
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材料科学
·
表面改性
·
功能材料
·
生物基材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 2.8
Xue Tao,Fangfang Gong,Wenzeng Wang,Jingyu Wang,Lijun Qian,Jianwei Hao
In recent years, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) based intumescent flame-retardant systems (IFR) were widely used in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). However, APP-based IFR have poor water and migration resistance. This paper introduced metal alginates to improve flame retardant efficiency and water resistance of IFR intramolecularly. The alginates IFR(IMA) with three sources and one synergistic agent were prepared by acid source and gas source (APP) and carbon source dipentaerythritol (DPER). IMA were APP/DPER assembled by sodium alginate, cobalt alginate and silane coupling agent. IMA significantly improved flame retardant, smoke suppression and migration resistance of EVA. Compared with 25%APP/DPER, the LOI values of 25%ICA increased obviously, UL 94 increased from no grade to V-0, the peak of heat release rate value and total smoke produce value decreased by 36.1% and 16.8%, respectively. The reason was that the transition metal cobalt promotes the efficiency of carbonization and graphitization, and reduces the ratio of CO and aromatic compounds in the gas phase thermal decomposition products. None significant mechanical properties changed after adding the flame retardant The weight loss rate was significantly reduced by immersion in hot water at 70°C. The improvement of water resistance was related to the increase of water contact angle of ICA flame retardants.
研究领域:
高分子科学
·
材料工程
·
消防安全工程
·
阻燃材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER INTERNATIONAL
·
2020
·Vol. 69
·期 10
·985-994
·
IF 2.574
Meng Ma,Xinpeng Wang,Kai Liu,Si Chen,Yanqin Shi,Huiwen He,Xu Wang
The preparation of poly( l -lactic acid) (PLLA) with high mechanical and ideal flame-retardant properties is a great challenge. Herein, a simultaneous toughness and flame-retardant PLLA composite was successfully fabricated by using a one-step process which introduces 4,4′-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) into PLLA/poly(ε-caprolactone) blends. SEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and TGA were adopted to confirm that APP participated in the in situ reaction during the melt process. The impact strength was increased to 13.5 kJ m −2 from 1.0 kJ m −2 for L8P2A5 composite, indicating the toughening effect of reactive blending. The cone calorimeter test, limiting oxygen index and vertical burning test results indicate that the flame-retardant properties of the composites are enhanced with increasing APP content. This work provides a method to prepare PLLA with high mechanical properties and enhanced flame retardancy. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2019
·Vol. 137
·期 17
·48609
·
IF 2.188
Qiaoran Zhang,Mengmeng Zhang,Huili Shi,Zhiwei Li,Laigui Yu,Xiaohong Li,Zhijun Zhang,Zhishen Wu
Boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) were combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and zinc ferrite (ZF) nanoparticle to prepare APP/BNNS/ZF composite aerogels via a freeze-drying method. Then, epoxy resin (EP) was incorporated into the pores of the as-obtained aerogels via a vacuum-assisted infiltration method to afford APP/BNNS/ZF-EP composites with greatly improved fire resistance. The flame-retardant performance of the as-prepared composites was evaluated by cone calorimetry test; and the flame-retardant mechanism of the aerogels was discussed in relation to thermogravimetric-infrared analysis of the pyrolysis products. Findings demonstrate that the APP/BNNS/ZF-EP composite containing 24.0 wt % of the APP/BNNS/ZF aerogel exhibits superior flame-retardant performance; and its peak heat release rate and total heat release are reduced by 86.2 and 86.5% as compared with those of pristine EP. The reason lies in that APP can be decomposed in the early stage of burning to generate phosphoric acid, thereby promoting the formation of char layer; ZF can catalyze the charring process; and BNNS can act as the physical barrier to retard the burning of EP. In addition, the APP10/BNNS1/ZF0.1-EP composite can be endowed with superhydrophobicity via the modification of polydimethylsiloxane and hydrophobic nanosilica, which could contribute to broadening its scope of application. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137 , 48609. Highlights 1 Flame-retardant APP/BNNS/ZF aerogels were prepared by a freeze-drying method. 2 APP/BNNS/ZF-EP composites were obtained via a vacuum-assisted infiltration method. 3 The pHRR of composites are reduced by 86.2% as compared with that of pristine EP. 4 The EP composites exhibit excellent flame retardancy and superhydrophobicity.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
·
高分子科学
·
消防安全
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 57
·期 9
·5645-5657
·
IF 4.682
Ma Meng,Wang Xinpeng,Liu Kai,Chen Si,Shi Yanqin,He Huiwen,Wang Xu
Preparing poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites with toughness and flame retardancy simultaneously is a challenge that many researchers faced. In this paper, flame-retardant and toughened PLA composites were prepared by reactive blending with in-situ formed polyurethane as the toughening phase and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as the flame retardant. By adding glycerin as a cross-linking agent, the dropping behavior of the composites during combustion is reduced, and the toughness is greatly improved. Compared with the blended composites without the cross-linking agent, the tensile strengths of the composites with the cross-linking degree of 10% are increased by 16%, and the impact strength is increased by 11 times. The composites with 5% APP and 10% cross-linking degree had balanced performance, the vertical combustion can reach V-2 level, and the elongation at break is about 200%. The research provides a simple method to fabricate flame retardant and degradable PLA-based composites with simultaneously enhanced mechanical properties. Graphical abstract
Compared with linear polyurethane, the PLA composite material toughened by cross-linked polyurethane not only had a higher elongation at break but also decreased the droplet during the combustion process.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
·
2021
·
IF 7.664
Quan Wu,Xinyu Cui,Chenzhong Mu,Jun Sun,Xiaoyu Gu,Hongfei Li,Sheng Zhang
Polylactic acid (PLA) with eco-friendliness exhibits extensive potential applications. In order to enhance fire-resistance of PLA, this manuscript reports the preparation of boron-containing ammonium polyphosphate (B-APP) using 3-aminophenyl boronic acid and ammonium polyphosphate through ion exchange reaction , and incorporated into PLA matrix. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of PLA-5% B-APP was increased from 19.2% to 29.4% and a UL-94 V-0 rating. In the cone calorimeter tests, PLA-5% B-APP presented a total heat release (THR) reduction from 81 MJ·m −2 to 67 MJ·m −2 and an improvement from 1.6% to 6.7% in char residue comparing with PLA. The mechanism of B-APP was mainly ascribed to the formation of glassy char layers to block the heat and oxygen transfer. For mechanical properties , it could be also found that the elongation at break and impact strength were improved at the presence of 5% B-APP.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2021
·
IF 5.03
Yuanyuan Zhan,Xujuan Wu,Shasha Wang,Bihe Yuan,Quan Fang,Sheng Shang,Chengran Cao,Gongqing Chen
The high flammability and severe melt-dripping during the combustion are the most marked fire hazards for polyesters, such as polylactic acid (PLA). In this work, a bio-based flame retardant (ATMP-NA-Fe) was successfully synthesized by a simple aqueous ionic reaction by using amino trimethylene phosphonic acid (ATMP), nicotinamide (NA) and FeCl 3 •6H 2 O as raw materials. The ATMP-NA-Fe and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) have good synergistic effects on improving the flame-retardant performance and retarding the combustion melt-dripping of PLA. With a 10 wt% total loading of ATMP-NA-Fe and APP (1:1), the limiting oxygen index value of corresponding PLA composite (PLA3) increases from 20.1% to 32.8%, and it passes UL-94 V-0 rating without melt dripping. The cone calorimetry results show that compared with pure PLA, the peak heat release rate, total heat release and average mass loss rate of PLA3 are reduced by 66.4%, 14.9% and 76.7%, respectively. Via the analysis on the condensed and gas phase products, the flame-retardant mechanism of PLA/APP/ATMP-NA-Fe composites is proposed. This work provides a new approach for improving flame-retardant performance of PLA and promoting the utilization of renewable resource.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
可再生资源利用
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION
·
2017
·
IF 0
Zhiquan Chen,Mengwei Jiang,Qingwu Zhang,Yuan Yu,Guangping Sun,Juncheng Jiang
A series of flame-retardant unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) were prepared by the addition of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) with various amounts of aluminum hydroxide (ATH) or ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as the flame retardants. The combustion resistance effects of ATH/DMMP and APP/DMMP systems were evaluated by limiting oxygen index test and vertical burning test (UL-94). The thermal properties of UPR were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. The structure of char was observed by scanning electron microscopy. DMMP incorporated with ATH or APP improved the flame retardancy and thermal properties of UPR. However, the fire-retardant mechanism of these two systems were different: The ATH/DMMP system provided synergistic effect in charring property of the UPR, produced great amount of residual char, and thus revealed the excellent flame retardancy. The APP/DMMP system further improved the flame retardancy of the UPR due to the change in the residual char structure rather than the increase in the production of char.
研究领域:
高分子科学
·
材料工程
·
消防安全工程
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES
·
2023
·
IF 3.5
Hongxiang Ou,Yining Ran,Mengli Pan,Honglai Xue
Enhancing polymer flame retardancy is crucial for lowering combustion-related exothermic heat and flue gas production. β-cyclodextrin microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (β-CD@APP) were synthesis through in-situ polymerization and combined with 1, 3, 5-tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (THEIC) as a novel intumescent flame retardant (IFR) to enhance the flame retardancy of low density polyethylene (LDPE). The results showed that APP's hydrophobic characteristic increased, which enhanced its polymer dispersibility . Compared with LDPE, the LOI value of β-CD@APP/THEIC/LDPE (LDPE5) was enhanced from 17.5% to 28.7% and the composites could meet the UL-94 V-0 standard. Smoke volume and thermal decomposition rate were reduced. Furthermore, a stable char layer was found, which can be seen from the SEM of the char slag and the Raman results. According to the above results, the thermal decomposition and possible mechanism of flame retardants in LDPE composites during combustion were studied.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
聚合物化学
·
消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2020
·
IF 4.032
Quan Wu,Jia Guo,Bin Fei,Xinjian Li,Jun Sun,Xiaoyu Gu,Hongfei Li,Sheng Zhang
A novel polyhydroxy triazine-based charring agent, N-tris(hydroxymethyl)-amino triazine-piperazine copolymer (TTPC), was synthesized from piperazine, cyanuric chloride and tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane. The chemical structure of TTPC was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 13 C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. TTPC, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and zinc borate (ZB) were then introduced into polypropylene (PP) by melt compounding to improve the fire performance of the composites. The test results showed that the presence of 21% APP-TTPC-ZB with mass ratio of 16:4:1 could significantly reduce the peak heat release rate from 1547 to 230 kW/m 2 , increase the limiting oxygen index value from 18.0 to 29.6% and upgrade the UL-94 rating from no rating to V-0, accompanied by the elimination of melt dripping. The thermal stability and charring behaviors of the composite samples were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis . The results showed that TTPC was a highly efficient charring agent, and ZB could act as synergist in the intumescent system. Based on the comprehensive study of fire performance, char morphology and mechanical properties, it can be concluded that TTPC is a superior charring agent, especially compared with the generally used pentaerythritol.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
·
2023
·
IF 7.4
Richeng Lian,Mingyu Ou,Haocun Guan,Jiahui Cui,Zexuan Zhao,Lei Liu,Xilei Chen,Chuanmei Jiao
Epoxy resin (EP) is widely used as an organic coating in the field of building materials (such as steel and timber). However, it’s high flammability and smoke release in fires further hinder its application in construction. Here, Cu(II) and Co(II) complexes decorated ammonium polyphosphates (BAPP@Cu and BAPP@Co) were synthesized by a facile strategy of chemical surface modification and used as multifunctional additives to enhance various properties of epoxy coatings. It has been found that both BAPP@Cu and BAPP@Co as co-curing agents not only promote the curing reaction of EP but also enhance the interfacial compatibility between the filler and the epoxy matrix. In addition, both BAPP@Cu and BAPP@Co endow EP with enhanced mechanical performance and heat insulation compared to pristine ammonium polyphosphate (APP). More importantly, both BAPP@Cu and BAPP@Co impart excellent fire safety to EP coatings. The peak heat release rate (pHRR) and peak CO production rate (pCO) of EP-6 %BAPP@Cu are decreased by 35.6% and 46.2%, respectively, compared to virgin EP. Similarly, EP-6 %BAPP@Co exhibits high fire performance, with a 57.7% reduction in pHRR and a 62.9% reduction in pCO, respectively, in comparison to virgin EP. This work reports a new strategy for the chemical modification of APP by metal complexes and provides a new perspective for the application of building coating materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
建筑工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）