Genes
·
2020
·Vol. 11
·期 5
·478
·
IF 3.759
Ying Sun,Mei Gao,Seogchan Kang,Chengmin Yang,Hui Meng,Yun Yang,Xiangsheng Zhao,Zhihui Gao,Yanhong Xu,Yue Jin,Xiaohong Zhao,Zheng Zhang,Jianping Han
Dalbergia odorifera, a critically endangered tree species, produces heartwood containing a vast variety of flavonoids. This heartwood, also known as Chinese rosewood, has high economic and medicinal value, but its formation takes several decades. In this study, we showed that discolored wood induced by pruning displays similar color, structure, and flavonoids content to those of natural heartwood, suggesting that wounding is an efficient method for inducing flavonoid production inD. odorifera. Transcriptome analysis was performed to investigate the mechanism underlying wounding-induced flavonoids production inD. odoriferaheartwood. Wounding upregulated the expression of 90 unigenes, which covered 19 gene families of the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways, including PAL, C4H, 4CL, CHS, CHI, 6DCS, F3’5’H, F3H, FMO, GT, PMAT, CHOMT, IFS, HI4’OMT, HID, IOMT, I2’H, IFR, and I3’H. Furthermore, 47 upregulated unigenes were mapped to the biosynthesis pathways for five signal molecules (ET, JA, ABA, ROS, and SA). Exogenous application of these signal molecules resulted in the accumulation of flavonoids in cell suspensions ofD. odorifera, supporting their role in wounding-induced flavonoid production. Insights from this study will help develop new methods for rapidly inducing the formation of heartwood with enhanced medicinal value.Keywords:Dalbergia odorifera;flavonoid biosynthesis;heartwood;mechanical wounding;signals;transcriptome
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ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
·
2023
·
IF 6.8
Yue Wang,Guojun Pan,Tingjie Huang,Tao Zhang,Jin Lin,Lubin Song,Guangshuo Zhou,Xiaoping Ma,Yanqing Ge,Yongyu Xu,Chunhao Yuan,Nan Zou
Pesticide stress on plants is receiving increased scrutiny due to its effect on plant secondary metabolism and nutritional quality. Tannic acid (TA) is a natural polyphenolic compound showing excellent antioxidant properties and is involved in alleviating stress. The present study thoroughly investigated the effects and mechanism of exogenous TA on relieving imidacloprid (IMI) stress in tea plants. Our research found that TA(10 mg/L) activated the antioxidant defense system, enhanced the antioxidant ability, reduced the accumulation of ROS and membrane peroxidation, and notably promoted tea plant tolerance to imidacloprid stress. Additionally, TA boosted photosynthetic capacity, strengthened the accumulation of nutrients. regulated detoxification metabolism, and accelerated the digestion and metabolism of imidacloprid in tea plants. Furthermore, TA induced significant changes in 90 important metabolites in tea, targeting 17 metabolic pathways through extensively targeted metabolomics. Specifically, TA activated the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, resulting in a 1.3- to 3.1-fold increase in the levels of 17 compounds and a 1.5- to 63.8-fold increase in the transcript level of related genes, such as ANR , LAR and CHS in this pathway. As a potential tea health activator, TA alleviates the oxidative damage caused by imidacloprid and improves the yield and quality of tea under pesticide stress.
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2023
·
IF 9.5
Qixian Zhang,Qingyong Sun,Rui Wang,Yuanlong Chi,Bi Shi
Collagen fibers (CFs) were previously used as packing materials for the separation of flavonoids based on hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions. However, as for flavonoid aglycones, CFs presented unsatisfactory adsorption capacity and separation efficiency due to the fact that they include limited hydroxyls and phenyls. In order to improve the adsorption capacity and separation efficiency, the hydrophobic modification strategy was employed in this research to enhance the hydrophobic interaction of CF with flavonoid aglycones by using silane coupling agents with different alkyl chains (isobutyl, octyl, and dodecyl). FT-IR analysis, DSC, TG, SEM, EDS mapping, water contact angle, and absorption time of solvent proved the successful grafting of alkyl chains on the CF without disturbing its special fiber structure, leading to the significantly enhanced hydrophobicity of the CF. The dynamic adsorption and elution behavior of kaempferol and quercetin (the typical flavonoid aglycones) on the hydrophobic CF showed that the adsorption rate and retention rate were largely increased in comparison with the CF without modification. Molecular dynamic simulations indicated that the CF grafted with isobutyls could interact with flavonoid aglycones through the highest synergetic effect of hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions, which exhibited the strongest retention to flavonoid aglycones. On further increasing the alkyl length (octyl and dodecyl), the hydrophobic interaction was further enhanced, but the hydrogen bonds were significantly weakened by steric hindrance, which showed that the retention to flavonoid aglycones was appropriately increased but without causing peak tailing. In the column separation of kaempferol and quercetin, the CF with hydrophobic modification presented a greater separation efficiency, with the purity of kaempferol increased from 71.99 to 86.57–97.50% and the purity of quercetin increased from 82.69 to 88.07–99.37%, which was much better than that of polyamide and close to that of sephadex LH 20. Therefore, the hydrophobicity of the CF could be controllably adjusted to enhance the adsorption rate and retention capacity, specifically improving the separation efficiency of flavonoid aglycones.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2019
·
IF 5.399
Nan Yang,Ruixia Qiu,Shuo Yang,Kangning Zhou,Chengtao Wang,Shiyi Ou,Jie Zheng
Bakery products with fruit fillings are growing fast. Blueberry-filled pastries are widely consumed in China. This study aimed to investigate the effects of two thermal processing procedures (stir-frying and baking) on flavonoid profile, antioxidant property, and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) formation during preparation of blueberry-filled pastries. Stir-frying contributed the most to the variations in these values in blueberry filling. Anthocyanins (48%–53% reduction in total) were more susceptible to thermal processing than flavonols (11%–16%). Among anthocyanins, delphinidin glycosides (61%–67% reduction) were the most unstable, followed by malvidin (52%–58%), petunidin (40%–45%), and cyanidin (38%–41%). A high level of HMF (300 mg/kg) was formed during stir-frying. Except for anthocyanins, baking did not significantly influence HMF formation, flavonol degradation, and antioxidant property in the fillings. Stir-frying processing conditions rather than baking must be further investigated for nutrient retention and HMF inhibition.
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PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS
·
2017
·Vol. 28
·期 6
·505-511
·
IF 2.292
Xijuan Tu,Shuangqin Ma,Zhaosheng Gao,Jing Wang,Shaokang Huang,Wenbin Chen
Introduction Flavonoids are frequently found as glycosylated derivatives in plant materials. To determine contents of flavonoid aglycones in these matrices, procedures for the extraction and hydrolysis of flavonoid glycosides are required. The current sample preparation method is both labour and time consuming. Objective Develop a modified matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) procedure as an alternative methodology for the one-step extraction and hydrolysis of flavonoid glycosides. Method HPLC-DAD was applied for demonstrating the one-step extraction and hydrolysis of flavonoids in rape bee pollen. The obtained contents of flavonoid aglycones (quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin) were used for the optimisation and validation of the method. Results The extraction and hydrolysis were accomplished in one step. The procedure completes in 2 h with silica gel as dispersant, a 1:2 ratio of sample to dispersant, and 60% aqueous ethanol with 0.3 M hydrochloric acid as the extraction solution. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of repeatability were less than 5%, and the recoveries at two fortified levels were between 88.3 and 104.8%. Conclusion The proposed methodology is simple and highly efficient, with good repeatability and recovery. Compared with currently available methods, the present work has advantages of using less time and labour, higher extraction efficiency, and less consumption of the acid catalyst. This method may have applications for the one-step extraction and hydrolysis of bioactive compounds from plant materials. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE
·
2025
·
IF 4.2
Xia Yang,Yun Wang,Yan Sun,Jiali Guo,Zhaojun Geng,Bingyao Wei,Peiqin Li,Guanghui Tang
Leaf rust caused by Coleosporium zanthoxyli is a destructive disease that threatens Zanthoxylum bungeanum plantations. To address this, screening for resistant cultivars and exploring their resistance mechanisms are crucial for effective disease management. However, the mechanisms underlying Z. bungeanum 's resistance remain unclear. In this study, we conducted in vivo and in vitro experiments to screen for the resistant cultivar Qiujiao (QJ) and the susceptible cultivar Fengxian Dahongpao (FD). Subsequently, the resistance mechanisms of Z. bungeanum were analyzed by integrating transcriptome and metabolome, the result showed the flavonoid pathway served as the primary metabolic pathway for QJ to confer resistance against C. zanthoxyli . Upon infection with C. zanthoxyli , the key genes ( PAL, CHI , and HCT ) and enzymes (PAL, C4H, and 4CL) involved in the flavonoid pathway were upregulated in QJ, and the total flavonoid content was increased in QJ. Additionally, eight flavonoids from this pathway demonstrated inhibitory effects on C. zanthoxyli spore germination, with naringenin and phloretin exhibiting the stronger activity. Collectively, the flavonoid pathway plays a dominant role in the resistance of Z. bungeanum leaves against C. zanthoxyli .
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MOLECULES
·
2018
·Vol. 23
·期 5
·1110
·
IF 3.098
Shi Shen,Jingbo Wang,Qin Zhuo,Xi Chen,Tingting Liu,Shuang-Qing Zhang
Phenolics and flavonoids in honey are considered as the main phytonutrients which not only act as natural antioxidants, but can also be used as floral markers for honey identification. In this study, the chemical profiles of phenolics and flavonoids, antioxidant competences including total phenolic content, DPPH and ABTS assays and discrimination using chemometric analysis of various Chinese monofloral honeys from six botanical origins (acacia,Vitex, linden, rapeseed,AstragalusandCodonopsis) were examined. A reproducible and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was optimized and validated for the simultaneous determination of 38 phenolics, flavonoids and abscisic acid in honey. Formononetin, ononin, calycosin and calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucoside were identified and quantified in honeys for the first time. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed obvious differences among the honey samples in three-dimensional space accounting for 72.63% of the total variance. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) also revealed that the botanical origins of honey samples correlated with their phenolic and flavonoid contents. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) classification was performed to derive a model with high prediction ability. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model was employed to identify markers specific to a particular honey type. The results indicated that Chinese honeys contained various and discriminative phenolics and flavonoids, as well as antioxidant competence from different botanical origins, which was an alternative approach to honey identification and nutritional evaluation.Keywords:UPLC-MS/MS;antioxidant competence;phenolic;flavonoid;chemometrics;monofloral honey
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JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
·
2024
·
IF 3.1
Jing-Wen Hao,Nai-Dong Chen,Xuan-Xuan Fan,Wei-Ting Wang,Huan-Huan Jiang,Zi-Yi Zhang,Rui-Ze Gong,Xiao-Li Ruan,Xue Chen
Evaluating the quality of herbal medicine based on the content and activity of its main components is highly beneficial. Developing an eco-friendly determination method has significant application potential. In this study, we propose a new method to simultaneously predict the total flavonoid content (TFC), xanthine oxidase inhibitory (XO) activity, and antioxidant activity (AA) of Prunus mume using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR). Using the sodium nitrite-aluminum nitrate-sodium hydroxide colorimetric method , uric acid colorimetric method , and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity as reference methods, we analyzed TFC, XO, and AA in 90 P. mume samples collected from different locations in China. The solid samples were subjected to NIR. By employing spectral preprocessing and optimizing spectral bands , we established a rapid prediction model for TFC, XO, and AA using partial least squares regression (PLS). To improve the model's performance and eliminate irrelevant variables, competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) was used to calculate the pretreated full spectrum. Evaluation model indicators included the root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) and determination coefficient ( R 2 ) values. The TFC, XO, and AA model, combining optimal spectral preprocessing and spectral bands, had RMSECV values of 0.139, 0.117, and 0.121, with R CV 2 values exceeding 0.92. The root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) for the TFC, XO, and AA model on the prediction set was 0.301, 0.213, and 0.149, with determination coefficient ( R P 2 ) values of 0.915, 0.933, and 0.926. The results showed a strong correlation between NIR with TFC, XO, and AA in P. mume . Therefore, the established model was effective, suitable for the rapid quantification of TFC, XO, and AA. The prediction method is simple and rapid, and can be extended to the study of medicinal plant content and activity.
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Journal of Herbal Medicine
·
2024
·
IF 2.2
T.M. Le,C.D.P. Nguyen,A.C. Ha
ABSTRACT Introduction Psidium guajava L. ( P guajava ) and its leaf, one of the most popular plants in traditional medicine and cuisine, were demonstrated to have high flavonoid content with many bioactivities, including antigout activity. However, the correlation between total flavonoid content ( TFC ) and antigout activities and the optimal conditions for extracting P guajava have not been reported. Methods This study established the optimisation of ethanol extracts of P guajava leaves for TFC and antigout activities using the single-factor method and response surface methodology. The antigout activities were determined through the xanthine oxidase inhibition ( XOI ) method. Results The four independent variables (ethanol concentration, plant-solvent ratio, extraction time, and temperature) significantly impacted two response variables (TFC and XOI activity). The optimal extracts for XOI activity reach the maximum TFC of 323.86 ± 2.26 mg quercetin/g and XOI activity of 26.37 ± 0.5 μg/ml. The changes in the chemical structure of extracts were analysed by Fourier transform infrared, which indicated that several flavonoids in P guajava do not have XOI activity. The correlation of TFC and XOI is robust with the Pearson correlation of −0.882 and Spearman Rho test of −0.884. Additionally, the biological activities, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, of optimal extracts for XOI and TFC were determined to extend the application capacity to support the treatment of gout diseases. Conclusions The optimised extraction conditions are critical to isolating flavonoids, which can serve as functional food or medicine for managing gout and its complications.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Dan Xie,Jinjia Xu,Wangbin Zhang,Xiayida Nuermaimaiti,Teng Huang,Jiahao Shen,Baiyu Jiang,Fengqing Chen,Guobo Huang,Pingan Song,Jinfeng Dai
The flammability, high-density smoke, and sustainable development of epoxy resin (EP) have significantly restricted its advanced applications in safety within the engineering field. Herein, we proposed an innovative approach to fabricate a series of bio-based EPs with similar flavonoid units and varied epoxy values using natural compounds (daidzein, naringenin, quercetin) to challenge the fire-safety and smoke suppression of general EPs. Owing to the effect of epoxy values and the contribution of flavonoid units, the cured EPs have outstanding thermal stability and remarkable cross-linking density as confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Consequently, the char residue of all bio-based EPs with flavonoid units after burning was obviously increased, and the flame retardancy was improved considerably to UL-94 V-0 rating with above 32 % for LOI value. Especially, the cured quercetin epoxy monomer (QEP) enabled the EP to exhibit an impressive flame retardant and smoke suppression performance compared to DGEBA/DDS. The total heat release (THR), total smoke production (TSP), and peak smoke production rate (pSPR) respectively decreased nearly 76.1 %, 81.4 % and 48 % compared to that of DGEBA/DDS. This work presents a modular design strategy for flame-retardant bio-based EPs, providing a new feasible approach for developing novel engineering-safe EPs.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
·
阻燃材料
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可持续工程
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防火安全
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BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
·
2022
·Vol. 180
·期 8
·1072-1089
·
IF 9.473
Jiawei Zhao,Dongsheng Bai,Lei Qi,Wangjia Cao,Jiaying Du,Chunyang Gu,Chen Zhou,Yuan Gao,Lulu Zhang,Yue Zhao,Na Lu
Background and purpose Liver fibrosis is a critical risk factor for the progression from chronic liver injury to hepatocellular carcinoma. Clinically, there is a lack of therapeutic drugs for liver fibrosis. Previous studies have confirmed that GL-V9, a newly synthesized flavonoid derivative, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, but whether it has anti-hepatic fibrosis actions remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the anti-fibrotic activities and potential mechanisms of GL-V9. Experimental approach Bile duct ligation (BDL) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) challenges were used to assess the anti-fibrotic effects of GL-V9 in vivo. Mouse primary hepatic stellate cells (pHSCs) and the human HSC line LX2 also served as a liver fibrosis model in vitro. Cellular functions and molecular mechanism were analysed using senescence-associated beta-galactosidase staining, real-time PCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and co-immunoprecipitation. Key results GL-V9 attenuated hepatic histopathological injury and collagen accumulation, as well as decreasing the expression of fibrotic genes in vivo. GL-V9 promoted senescence and inhibited the expression of fibrogenic genes in HSCs in vitro. Mechanistic studies revealed that GL-V9 induced senescence by upregulating GATA4 expression in HSCs. Further studies confirmed that GL-V9 stabilized GATA4 by promoting autophagic degradation of P62. Conclusion and implications GL-V9 exerted potent anti-fibrotic effects both in vivo and in vitro by stabilizing GATA4, thereby promoting the senescence of HSCs, and by avoiding its activation and ultimately inhibiting liver fibrosis. This action indicated that the flavonoid GL-V9 is a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
研究领域:
药理学
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肝病学
·
分子生物学
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CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH
·
2021
·
IF 2.104
Ting Zhou,Wei Guo,Shengchao Ren,Yuming Li,Jinming Wu,Bao Yang
The peel of Citrus reticulate ‘Chachiennsis’ (Chachi) is a well-known functional food with multiple health benefits in Asia. There is an old saying “the longer time Chachi is stored, the better health benefits it has”. Is it convincible? What are the critical bioactive compounds in Chachi? To answer these questions, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) were used to qualify and quantify the flavonoid glycosides and other bioactive compounds of Chachi with storage time of 5–20 years. Limonene was the representative volatile compound . The level of most volatile compounds decreased along with storage. Sixteen flavonoids glycosides and twenty flavonoids were identified. Nobiletin , hesperitin, tetramethoxy flavone and pentamethoxy flavone were characteristic bioactive compounds for Chachi. Most of them accumulated during 10-year storage, thereafter decreased. Ten years could be the optimal storage time. These results indicated that the old saying should be corrected.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
植物化学
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危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）