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JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE · 2025 · IF 1.8

Advantages of ethylene glycol diacetate as a potential solvent for herbicide formulations

Menghan Li,Longfei Jin,Bin Liu,Yifang Qian,Haofu Hu,Xin Wang,Yang Zhang,Wenping Xu

Emulsifiable concentrates and oil suspensions are typical pesticide formulations. Many pesticides on the market use aromatic hydrocarbons as solvents. However, studies have revealed their potential risks to humans and the environment. Ethylene glycol diacetate (EGDA) is a low-toxicity and eco-friendly solvent with low utilization in pesticides. This study explores EGDA’s potential to replace xylene. Results indicate that EGDA formulations enhance droplet adhesion to leaves, boosting pesticide efficiency. They exhibit lower surface tension and contact angles, with a 24%–40% increase in leaf retention. Bioassays show that 15% cyhalofop-butyl EC and 10% nicosulfuron OF with EGDA offer weed control that is superior to xylene-based formulations by 9.1%–30.5% in greenhouses and 4.8%–6.7% in fields. Xylene preparations are 2–3 times more cytotoxic to human bronchial cells than EGDA-based ones. Thus, EGDA is a promising pesticide solvent, outperforming traditional aromatic solvents in environmental friendliness and reducing adverse effects.

CAS / MDL: 67-68-5
✓ 已验证 产品关联 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
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Nanoscale · 2025 ·Vol. 17 ·期 39 ·23010-23021 · IF 5.1

Synergistically strained PdPr bimetallene: an ethylene glycol sensor for antifreeze leakage detection

Binqi He,Yunping Ma,Xinyue Xiang,Sifan Sun,Qianzuo Liu,Ting Zhang,Maiyong Zhu,Tie Li

The development of high-performance electrochemical catalysts capable of ultrasensitive detection of small molecules remains a significant challenge. Emerging two-dimensional materials, particularly metallenes such as Pd metallene, have demonstrated considerable potential in addressing these challenges. However, several critical limitations remain, including the need for further enhancement of electrochemical activity, detection sensitivity, and molecular selectivity. In this study, a one-step hydrothermal approach was employed to synthesize porous PdPr bimetallene alloys with a semi-transparent, wrinkled architecture, which function as high-performance catalysts in flexible electrochemical sensors. These materials exhibit excellent sensitivity and selectivity toward ethylene glycol detection. The incorporation of Pr not only induces unique synergistic lattice distortion effects but also enhances the thermodynamic stability of defect sites, which act as efficient electron-transfer channels and significantly activate the catalytic centers. This structural engineering significantly improves both electronic conductivity and structural stability, while also accelerating electron-transfer kinetics and enhancing the activity of the ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (EOR). This work not only demonstrates the effectiveness of active-site engineering in PdPr bimetallene for improved catalytic performance but also broadens the application of metallenes in the sensing of small molecules, aligning with current trends in advanced sensing technologies.

CAS / MDL: 67-63-0
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JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION · 2017 · IF 1.9

Preparation of a novel antibacterial chitosan-poly(ethylene glycol) cryogel/silver nanoparticles composites

Xueqing Zou,Pengpeng Deng,Changjiang Zhou,Yulin Hou,Rongsheng Chen,Feng Liang,Liqiong Liao

Cryogel was synthesized through cryogelation of methacrylated carboxymethyl chitosan (mCMC) and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) precursors by photopolymerization. Due to its excellent properties, such as fast swelling behavior, inter-connective porous structure, high water absorbing capacity, especially the presence of abundant carboxylmethyl groups on its backbone, the cryogel not only favored the absorption of silver ions but also was proved to be a good matrix for the incorporation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by in situ chemical reduction. The structure, morphology, and swelling behavior of the cryogel and cryogel/AgNPs composite were characterized. And the results of inhibition zone test and antibacterial inhibition ratio indicated the cryogel/AgNPs composite exhibited prominent and durable antibacterial activity against Gram-negative E. coli and could be utilized as potential antibacterial materials.

研究领域: 生物材料 · 医学工程 · 微生物学
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Polymer Chemistry · 2017 ·Vol. 8 ·期 45 ·7017-7024 · IF 5.375

Enzymatically crosslinked hydrogels based on linear poly(ethylene glycol) polymer: performance and mechanism

Kaixuan Ren,Bin Li,Qinghua Xu,Chunsheng Xiao,Chaoliang He,Gao Li,Xuesi Chen

In the present work, a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed hydrogel based on a double-end tyramine conjugated linear poly(ethylene glycol) (TA-PEG-TA) polymer is developed. The TA-PEG-TA is designed to act as not only a substrate of HRP, but also a macromonomer. We find that, the linear structure is sufficient to form robust hydrogels, and therefore it greatly simplifies the polymer architecture applicable to HRP-catalyzed hydrogels, which are always based on graft or branched polymers. The gelation time and strength of the TA-PEG-TA hydrogels can be well tuned by varying the concentrations of the polymer and HRP as well as the molar ratios of H2O2 to TA groups. The gelation mechanism is clarified by exploring the HRP-catalyzed reaction of a single-end tyramine conjugated poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether (mPEG-TA). The multiple active hydrogen atoms (in the hydroxyl group and the o-position) of phenol moieties can be oxidized by H2O2via HRP catalysis, which should be responsible for the generation of mPEG-TA oligomers and the gelation of TA-PEG-TA. This study provides a new strategy for the design of injectable enzymatically crosslinked hydrogels.

研究领域: 生物材料 · 高分子化学 · 组织工程
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Science of Advanced Materials · 2021 ·Vol. 13 ·期 1 ·123-130 · IF 1.474

Optical Features of Lanthanide Luminescent Hydrogel Based on Polyethylene Glycol with Silica Nanoparticles

Zhao Zhihuan,Wang Yao,Jiang Haoyang,Liu Jixian,Huang Linjun,Zhang Yanna,Wang Yanqi,Belfiore Laurence A.,Tang Jianguo

Inorganic/polymer hybrid hydrogels generally exhibit excellent mechanical properties, while extra function include luminescence are extremely explored due to the further application in sensors and optoelectronic devices. Herein, we report the rare-earth (RE) complex/silica nanoparticles (SNs) luminescent hybrid polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels showing stable luminescence. The hybrid hydrogels coordinated with RE (Eu3+) complex are fabricated via a convenient in situ photocrosslinked procedure. The coordination polymers showed red luminescent color under the 365 nm UV irradiation. Furthermore, the hybrid hydrogel exhibited long luminescence lifetime. These properties of hybrid luminescent hydrogel gave rise to a great improvement in the potential applications as a soft material.

研究领域: 材料科学 · 光电技术 · 纳米技术 · 聚合物化学
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APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE · 2025 · IF 6.9

Tuning *OH adsorption strength via alloy structural engineering for electrochemical ethylene glycol synthesis

Jialin Fan,Xiaoxing Ke,Ge Chen,Yong Yan

The industrial synthesis of ethylene glycol (EG) via ethylene oxide hydration is energy-intensive and environmentally harmful due to high greenhouse gas emissions. Although electrochemical oxidation presents a more sustainable route for the direct synthesis of EG from ethylene, existing technologies are hampered by limited catalytic performance stemming from inadequate regulation of the key intermediate, adsorbed hydroxyl radicals (*OH). Herein, we employ a structural engineering strategy to fabricate a PdPtRh trimetallic alloy catalyst by introducing highly electronegative platinum (Pt) and rhodium (Rh) into a palladium (Pd) matrix. By precisely tuning the catalyst’s electronic structure, we effectively optimize the adsorption strength of *OH. Benefiting from this alloying effect, the developed PdPtRh catalyst demonstrates exceptional performance in the ethylene-to-EG conversion, achieving a peak Faradaic efficiency of 52 % and a production rate of 7.61 μmol/cm 2 /h-markedly superior to conventional monometallic Pd catalysts. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations further reveal that the alloy structure facilitates charge redistribution among the metals, effectively lowering key energy barriers in the reaction process. This work not only offers a novel design paradigm for developing efficient, eco-friendly catalysts for EG electrosynthesis but also highlights the immense potential of harnessing multimetallic synergistic effects to optimize performance in the field of electrocatalysis.

CAS / MDL: 18497-13-7
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ACS Applied Nano Materials · 2022 · IF 6.14

Sol–Gel-Derived Biodegradable Er-Doped ZnO/Polyethylene Glycol Nanoparticles for Cell Imaging

Yuhang Chen,Qi Xue,Weiguo Luo,Yu Sun,Xiaonong Zhang,Di Lu,Xin Qian,Chun-Chao Chen,Ming Li,Tao Hang

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) as promising and nontoxic fluorescent labels are currently developed for cell imaging owing to their excellent biocompatibility. However, the low intensity of the emission band and stability of ZnO NPs have restricted their further applications. In this work, 5 mol % rare-earth metal erbium (Er)-doped ZnO nanoparticles with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) surface modification (Er-doped ZnO/PEG NPs) are fabricated by the sol–gel method. Their fluorescence characteristics and biodegradation behavior are investigated. The results indicate that the visible photoluminescence of Er-doped ZnO/PEG NPs has been dramatically enhanced by 631.6% compared with that of bare ZnO NPs. After being stored for one month, particle size variation is less than 1 nm, and fluorescence performance can be well retained. Furthermore, the degradation and cytotoxicity results confirm the degradable and biocompatible characteristics of Er-doped ZnO/PEG NPs, thus extending their potential applications for cell imaging.

研究领域: 材料科学 · 细胞生物学 · 生物医学工程
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CANCER LETTERS · 2012 · IF 4.238

Epirubicin loaded with propylene glycol liposomes significantly overcomes multidrug resistance in breast cancer

Ying-Zheng Zhao,Dan-Dan Dai,Cui-Tao Lu,Li-Juan Chen,Min Lin,Xiao-Tong Shen,Xiao-Kun Li,Ming Zhang,Xi Jiang,Rong-Rong Jin,Xing Li,Hai-Feng Lv,Lu Cai,Pin-Tong Huang

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the major reasons for the failure of cancer chemotherapy. A newly reported liposome carrier, propylene glycol liposomes (EPI-PG-liposomes) were made to load epirubicin (EPI) which enhanced EPI absorption in MDR tumor cells to overcome the drug resistance. MDA-MB 435 and their mutant resistant (MDA-MB 435/ADR) cells were used to examine the cellular uptake and P-gp function in vitro for EPI-PG-liposomes by fluorescence microscopy and FCM, respectively. Mammary tumor model was also established to investigate the tumor growth inhibition and pharmacodynamics of EPI-PG-liposomes in vivo . Morphology evaluation showed that EPI-PG-liposomes had a homogeneous spherical shape with an average diameter of 182   nm. Based on cell viability assay, fluorescent microscopy examination, and EPI uptake assay, EPI-PG-liposomes exhibited an effective growth inhibition not only in MDA-MB-435 cells, but also in MDA-MB 435/ADR cells. EPI-PG-liposomes have high permeability not only on tumor cell membrane, but also on cell nucleus membrane. P-gp function assay showed that the anticancer action of EPI-PG-liposomes was not related to P-gp efflux pump, suggesting that PG-liposomes would not affect the normal physiological functions of membrane proteins. EPI-PG-liposomes also showed a better antitumor efficacy compared to EPI solution alone. With high entrapment efficiency, spherical morphology and effective inhibition on MDR cancer cells, EPI-PG-liposomes may represent a better chemotherapeutic vectors for cancer targeted therapy.

研究领域: 肿瘤学 · 药理学 · 生物医学工程
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Soft Matter · 2012 ·Vol. 8 ·期 13 ·3620-3626 · IF 4.39

Preparation of poly(ethylene glycol) aligned porous cryogels using a unidirectional freezing technique

Jingjun Wu,Qian Zhao,Jianzhong Sun,Qiyun Zhou

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) cryogels with aligned porous structures were prepared by unidirectional freezing and subsequently cryopolymerization. The aqueous reaction precursor of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and the initiator was first unidirectionally frozen using liquid nitrogen or other cooling agents such as frozen ethyl alcohol and frozen acetic ether, followed by radical polymerization at subzero temperature. The morphology of the obtained cryogels was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The pore structure of the obtained cryogels was the replica of the unidirectional ice crystals formed during the unidirectional freezing. Microtubular pores aligned along the freezing direction were observed in both dry and swollen states. The obtained cryogels showed anisotropic compressive strength according to the pore directions. The effect of the PEGDA molecular weight and the freezing temperature on morphology of the orientation-structured cryogels were also studied. The pore diameter could be adjusted from 10 to 50 μm.

研究领域: 材料科学 · 生物医学工程
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Catalysts · 2023 ·Vol. 13 ·期 10 ·1327 · IF 3.9

Synthesis of Precursors to Ethylene Glycol via the Acid-Catalyzed Carbonylation of Formaldehyde

Di Wang,Jiangang Lv

Methyl glycolate was synthesized as a precursor to ethylene glycol from the acid-catalyzed carbonylation of formaldehyde, followed by esterification with methanol. Homogeneous acids and different solid acids (e.g., resins and zeolites) were used as catalysts, and the effect of the solvent was examined. Afterward, a carboxylic acid protection strategy was proposed. With sulfolane and acetic acid as the mixed solvent, the solubility of CO increases, and the reaction rate can be accelerated. The rapid reaction between acetic acid and glycolic acid inhibits glycolic acid polymerization and pulls the reaction balance to promote the carbonylation reaction rate. Under the optimal solvent system (a molar ratio of acetic acid to sulfolane of 1:5) and the appropriate reaction conditions, the selectivity of the target product is higher than 85%. Solid acid catalysts with a −SO3H or −CF2SO3H functional group are supposed to be efficient in the carbonylation of formaldehyde, based on which a supported Nafion catalyst with a high surface area and total acid content was designed and synthesized. The novel supported Nafion catalyst presents a high total acid content and high Brönsted–Lewis acid ratio due to the characteristics of modified zeolite and, thus, leads to the high reactivity and very low selectivity of the by-product. A possible reaction mechanism is proposed to explain the product’s distribution by ascribing the formation of different products to different types of acid sites.Keywords:carbonylation;formaldehyde;methyl glycolate;ethylene glycol;acid catalyst

研究领域: 化学合成 · 催化化学
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POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES · 2022 ·Vol. 33 ·期 10 ·3455-3469 · IF 3.348

Organic solvents enhance polyvinyl alcohol/polyethylene glycol self-healing hydrogels for artificial cartilage

Zishuo Ye,Hailin Lu,Endong Jia,Jian Chen,Lifeng Fu

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels have potential applications in bionic articular cartilage due to their good biocompatibility and low friction. However, the lack of adequate mechanical properties is a key obstacle for PVA hydrogels to replace natural cartilage. In this study, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was introduced into the PVA hydrogel, and the (PVA/PEG) composite gels were prepared by a blending physical cross-linking method. The PVA/PEG gels were treated with a simple and novel organic solvent immersion dehydration to improve its mechanical and tribological properties. And the using of organic solvents for dehydration changed the network structure of the PVA/PEG gels, which improved the mechanical properties effectively. In this study, the effects of different organic solvents on the tribological properties, swelling ratio, shore hardness, and dehydration rate of PVA/PEG hydrogels were investigated. Compared with natural drying, organic solvent dehydration reduced the gel formation time. Notably, the organic solvent dehydration treatment reduces the wear rate of PE ball friction pair to 27.4% of the original amount, improving wear resistance. Meanwhile, self-healing and cellular immune assays demonstrated the excellent biocompatibility and self-healing ability of the PVA/PEG gels. This study provides a new candidate material for the design of articular cartilage, which is expected to advance the progress of artificial cartilage repair.

研究领域: 生物材料学 · 医学工程 · 组织工程
✓ 已验证 DOI 高影响因子
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Acta Biomaterialia · 2018 · IF 6.383

Estrone-modified pH-sensitive glycol chitosan nanoparticles for drug delivery in breast cancer

Huan Yang,Cui Tang,Chunhua Yin

Estrone-modified glycol chitosan nanoparticles (GCNP-ES) based on the mechanisms of ES-mediated endocytosis and intracellular pH-responsive drug release were developed for the treatment of breast cancer. GCNP-ES were prepared by grafting copolymerization of glycol chitosan with 2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate to generate GCNP prior to ES conjugation. The particle size, zeta potential , and paclitaxel (PTX) encapsulation efficiency of GCNP-ES were characterized. In particular, GCNP-ES exhibited pH-responsive dissociation properties while maintaining stability under long-term storage and lyophilization. The drug release of PTX-loaded GCNP-ES (PTX/GNCP-ES) was modestly prolonged with considerable pH sensitivity. GCNP-ES promoted internalization in breast cancer MCF-7 cells by approximately 5-fold as compared to GCNP, and the internalized GCNP-ES was mainly localized in the endosomes of MCF-7 cells. PTX/GNCP-ES exhibited higher cytotoxicity and cell apoptosis ratio than GCNP. In mice with MCF-7 breast cancer xenograft, PTX/GCNP-ES showed higher accumulation at the tumor site, which resulted in a higher tumor inhibition ratio (81.4%) than that achieved by PTX/GCNP (69.4%) and PTX solution (48.8%). Furthermore, no histological and hematological toxicity was detected in in vivo studies of PTX/GCNP-ES. Overall, these results suggested the potential applicability of GCNP-ES as a drug delivery system for breast cancer therapy. Statement of Significance Most breast cancers are hormone dependent. Herein, we developed a estrone-modified glycol chitosan nanoparticles (GCNP-ES) as a drug delivery system to overcome the drawbacks of chemotherpeutic drugs, including poor water solubility and lack of specifity. GCNP-ES could provide efficient drug delivery in breast cancer cells. The study demonstrated that GCNP-ES could dissociate under mildly acidic conditions, leading to the timely payload release of the drug in target tumor cells following internalization. The conjugated estrone of the nanoparticles could significantly increase drug accumulation in the tumor site and result in enhanced therapeutic effect. Thus, the potential applicability of GCNP-ES was suggested.

研究领域: 药学 · 生物医学工程 · 癌症研究 · 纳米技术 · 药物递送系统
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