查找使用阿拉丁产品的科研文献

A multiscale strategy to fabricate tough and highly flame-retardant bamboo-based cellulose bioplastics

Ruishuo Shen,Hong Wang,Chenhuan Lai,Shishuai Gao,Yupeng Liu,Daihui Zhang,Ben Bin Xu,Yuzhi Xu,Fuxiang Chu

Bamboo cellulose exhibits excellent biocompatibility and renewability, making it a promising alternative to conventional non-renewable petroleum-based resources. However, the inherent trade-off between strength and toughness, together with the flammability of cellulose, poses significant challenges for the development of bamboo cellulose-based films that simultaneously exhibit high strength, high toughness, and flame retardancy. In this study, a multiscale strategy involving deep eutectic solvent treatment is employed to deconstruct, modify, and reconstruct the bamboo cellulose network, thereby transforming it into a high-performance bioplastic. First, phosphorylated cellulose fibers with different size scales were prepared using a reactive ternary deep eutectic solvent. Subsequently, a film was successfully constructed via a micro/nano scale design strategy involving the physical entanglement of cellulose microfibrils and the physical filling of cellulose nanocrystals. The resulting film exhibits high strength (82.32 MPa), high toughness (20.05 MJ m −3 ), excellent flame retardancy (LOI = 62.17%), as well as outstanding thermal stability, biodegradability, and recyclability, outperforming most reported cellulose-based flame-retardant films. This study demonstrates the significant promise of bamboo biomass as a sustainable substitute for petroleum-derived materials, thereby advancing the transition toward high-value applications of bamboo cellulose.

Nitrogen-Doped Carbon/Cellulose Nanofibers Synergistically Enhanced LiFePO4 Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries

Mengxia Shen,Xiangming Zhang,Liguo Yang,Chanjuan Liang,Jiayin Li,Jianfeng Huang,Yan Li,Zhengliang Zhang,Xunfei Zheng

Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) is recognized as one of the potential cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries owing to its environmental sustainability, affordable cost, and excellent thermal stability. Nevertheless, the sluggish diffusion of lithium ions and the relatively limited electronic conductivity emerge as critical factors that impede the advancement of LiFePO4 cathode materials. In this study, we present a simple, effective, and environmentally friendly method for incorporating cellulose nanofibers (CNF) as an additional carbon source into metal–organic coordinated structure-derived carbonized LiFePO4 cathode material (LFP@C). The hierarchical porous electrode material (LFP@C/CNF), consisting of a three-dimensional carbon nanofiber conductive network integrated with nitrogen-doped carbon-coated LiFePO4 nanoparticles, is successfully prepared via freeze-drying followed by pyrolysis. CNF forms a stable interaction with LFP@C particles through electrostatic self-assembly, thereby constructing a “core (LFP)-shell (C)-network (CNF)” multi-level hierarchical structure. The unique structure significantly shortens the transport distance for lithium ions and electrons, thereby enhancing their mobility. Additionally, the porous nature of this structure provides ample space for electrolyte storage. Owing to these distinctive structural features, LFP@C/CNF composites demonstrate exceptional specific capacity (158.5 mAh g–1 at 0.1 C), impressive rate performance (116.5 mAh g–1 at 5 C), and remarkable cycling stability (87.08% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 1 C). These outstanding characteristics position LFP@C/CNF composites as highly promising candidates for use in next-generation lithium-ion batteries.

Machine learning-guided design of cellulose-based hydrogels for predictive swelling and impact resistance

Onome Ejeromedoghene,Ephraim Akor,Huaguang Wang,Olayinka Oderinde,Muzammal Hussain,Zexin Zhang

Robust hydrogel composites were fabricated through a one-step chemical gelation route using carboxymethyl cellulose, acrylamide, and a fixed gold nanoparticle-containing formulation platform to obtain impact-resistant materials with composition-dependent swelling and mechanical responses. Increasing cellulose content progressively reinforced the network, raising tensile strength from 3.68 to 10.79 MPa, increasing compressive strength by 3.3 MPa, and enabling complete resilience recovery of 100%, while dynamic mechanical analysis showed concurrent increases in storage modulus and loss modulus, consistent with improved energy storage and dissipation. Wettability and swelling were likewise governed by network density, with cellulose-rich formulations showing lower equilibrium water uptake and higher water contact angles, whereas swelling remained stimulus-responsive, decreasing at 65 °C relative to 25 °C and increasing markedly at pH 13. Swelling kinetics were well described by Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas behavior, indicating coupled diffusion and network relaxation during water uptake. To predict swelling ratio, a machine learning workflow was implemented using grouped cross-validation that held out complete formulation, pH, and temperature condition groups, with formulation percentage, pH, temperature, and time as inputs. Under this conservative protocol, the random forest model delivered the best mean fold performance, with a mean R 2 of 0.652 ± 0.257, while the aggregated held-out prediction series reached an R 2 of 0.842. The CEL 4 composite also protected glass from shattering in bottle, ball, and hammer impact demonstrations, highlighting strong cushioning behavior. These results establish cellulose-tuned p(CEL/AAm)/Au hydrogel composites as promising protective layers with predictable swelling behavior, while Au nanoparticle-specific contributions remain to be isolated by future control studies.

Solvent-free, one-pot mechanochemical synthesis of high-DS cellulose esters with tunable thermoplasticity

Zhongkai Xu,Fangyue Cheng,Qingbo Zhao,Zhenxing Wu,Peng Wei,Chunzu Cheng,Shi-Zhong Luo

Cellulose esters represent promising thermoplastic biobased materials. However, their conventional synthesis often relies on the use of ionic liquids or substantial quantities of pyridine and acid anhydrides. This study presents an alternative approach in which cellulose was first converted to alkali cellulose using sodium hydroxide solution, followed by a mechanochemical reaction with acyl chlorides to obtain thermoplastic cellulose esters with a degree of substitution (DS) above 2.5. Hydrolysis of the acyl chloride was effectively suppressed by using conjugated and hydrophobic benzene-ring structures along with low reaction temperatures, which promoted efficient grafting onto cellulose even in the presence of water. The resulting para-substituted benzoyl cellulose esters exhibit clear thermoplasticity, with a measurable glass-transition temperature (Tg) and a thermal decomposition temperature approximately 30 °C higher than that of native cellulose. By varying the alkyl chain length attached to the rigid benzene ring, both Tg (from 175 °C for methyl to 151 °C for heptyl) and mechanical properties (strength and elongation) could be tuned. Moreover, external plasticization with triethyl citrate further lowered the Tg to 98 °C, significantly improving the melt-processability. This solvent- and catalyst-free mechanochemical method eliminates the need for pyridine or anhydrides, offering a scalable route to high-performance cellulose-based thermoplastics.

Electrospun cellulose acetate/poly(lactic acid) hybrid fibers for tunable sustained release of ibuprofen

Liu Yaqing,Ye Xiang-Yu,Gou Faliang,Xing Guiying,Yang Peng,Chen Chengguang,Shao Linjun

Precise modulation of drug release profiles from fibrous carriers remains a significant challengein sustained-release formulations. Herein, we present a novel and tunable drug delivery system based on electrospun cellulose acetate (CA) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) hybrid fibers. Herein, CA/PLA composite fibers were designed and fabricated via electrospinning, and their potential as a drug delivery platform was evaluated. By varying the electrospinning solution concentration from 6% to 14%, smooth and uniform fibers with controlled mean diameters (0.59–1.92 μm) were successfully prepared. Meanwhile, the swelling properties and surface wettability of the fibers were effectively modulated by adjusting the CA/PLA ratio (30–70% PLA). Ibuprofen, used as a model drug, was uniformly encapsulated within the fiber matrices with drug encapsulation efficiency (> 93%). In vitro release studies demonstrated that the ibuprofen release rate decreased with increasing fiber diameter and PLA content, and exhibited pH-dependent behavior. The drug release profiles exhibited excellent fit to the Ritger-Peppas model, indicating a Fickian diffusion mechanism. Furthermore, strong correlations were established between drug release half-lives and key fiber parameters (diameter and PLA content). This work presents a simple yet effective strategy for tailoring drug release kinetics, highlighting the significant potential of CA/PLA composite fibers for advanced fibrous sustained-release drug delivery systems.

Efficient urea removal using dialdehyde microcrystalline cellulose for dialysate regeneration in wearable artificial kidneys

Zhongfeng Song,Hongtao Zhang,Wei Guo,Keyong Tang,Jie Liu,Jun Zhang,Fengmin Shao

The wearable artificial kidney (WAK) offers a promising alternative to hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease, depending on efficient dialysate regeneration for continuous operation. Herein, dialdehyde microcrystalline cellulose (DMC) was prepared by periodate oxidation of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and evaluated for its urea adsorption performance and underlying mechanism in dialysate. The structure of the DMC was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and optical microscopy. Batch adsorption studies indicate that the equilibrium urea adsorption capacity increased with increasing aldehyde content of DMC, reaching a maximum of 90.3 ± 7.5 mg/g. FTIR, Raman, and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance analyses suggest that urea adsorption involves hydrogen-bonding interactions and formation of Schiff base linkages. Thermogravimetry-FTIR-mass spectrometry analysis supports the proposed adsorption mechanism and provides important information for the safe disposal of spent adsorbents. Under fixed-bed column conditions simulating WAK operation, DMC achieved a maximum urea removal efficiency of 73.8 ± 1.7% within 120 min, markedly higher than that of native MCC (40.5 ± 5.5%). Our findings suggest that DMC is a promising candidate adsorbent for WAK devices.

Hydroxypropyl cellulose-based conductive hydrogels with water-content-regulated electromagnetic shielding and multifunctional sensing

Xinwei Yuan,Wenao Liao,Yan Li,Wei Li,Lin Xiao,Ninghao Song,Jianghong Luo,Huaqiong Feng

A thermoresponsive PNIPAM/HPC-CNT hydrogel enables dynamic EMI shielding. • Water-content evolution governs the electromagnetic response of hydrogels. • A tunable EMI shielding range of ~21.4 dB is achieved in the X-band. • Reversible EMI shielding ON/OFF switching occurs within a mild temperature window. • The hydrogel integrates EMI shielding with temperature and strain sensing. Thermoresponsive polysaccharide hydrogels have attracted considerable attention for wearable electronics owing to their high water content, flexibility, and stimuli-responsive characteristics. However, the role of hydration-state evolution in regulating electromagnetic behavior remains insufficiently understood. Herein, a hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)-based thermoresponsive conductive hydrogel was developed by integrating a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)/HPC double network with a carbon nanotube (CNT)-based conductive framework. The reversible phase transition of the PNIPAM/HPC network induced temperature-dependent dehydration and structural reconstruction, thereby dynamically modulating the conductive pathways, dielectric loss, and impedance matching. Consequently, the representative hydrogel exhibited a shielding effectiveness of approximately 29.8 dB at 25 °C, which decreased to 8.4 dB at 60 °C, corresponding to a tunable range of 21.4 dB. Furthermore, the incorporation of NaCl effectively lowered the phase-transition temperature, enabling reversible temperature-dependent modulation of electromagnetic shielding within a mild temperature window of 15–40 °C. More importantly, the combined changes in hydration state, dielectric dissipation, and effective attenuation ultimately led to a pronounced decrease in shielding effectiveness. In addition to dynamic electromagnetic regulation, the hydrogel demonstrated reversible temperature- and strain-responsive sensing for monitoring skin temperature and human motion. This work highlights hydration-state engineering as an effective strategy for regulating electromagnetic properties in polysaccharide-based hydrogels and provides new opportunities for multifunctional wearable bioelectronics.

Continuous phase separation of cellulose nanocrystals to facilitate the preparation of chiral photonic films

Wang Peng-Fei,Xu Ling-Hua,Li Le,Cao Xue-Fei,Sun Shao-Ni

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are promising nanomaterials with unique optical properties for advanced anti-counterfeiting applications. However, the wide particle size distributions of CNCs and the strict self-assembly conditions of the chiral photonic films (CPFs) severely hampered their practical use. Hence, a continuous phase separation strategy was developed to achieve stepwise fractionation of CNCs and further facilitate the preparation of the CPFs. Spectroscopic and microscopic analyses revealed that the CNC particles were graded into various CNC fractionations with different properties after the continuous phase separation. The CNCs in the anisotropic phase had relatively high length, diameter, aspect ratio, surface charge, and crystallinity than these in the isotropic phase. CPFs with uniform chiral nematic liquid crystal structure and vibrant structural colors could be easily prepared from the anisotropic CNCs without the time-consuming evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) process. Subsequently, these CPFs were crushed into chiral photonic micro-flakes and embedded into polymer matrices to fabricate films and coatings. The resulting composites demonstrated anti-counterfeiting capabilities and easily distinguishable features under circularly polarized light. This environmentally friendly and scalable phase separation strategy significantly improves the preparation efficiency and reproducibility of CNC-based CPFs, providing a promising pathway for their application in anti-counterfeiting materials.

Hydrogel electrolytes regulated by hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose for zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors

Chunling Liu,Huaqing Zhang,Qingqian Pan,Xieraili Maimaitiyiming

The practical application of zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZIHSCs) is limited by the trade-off between interfacial stability and ion transport in aqueous electrolytes. Herein, two cellulose ethers with distinct substituent structures, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), were introduced as regulatory components to construct composite hydrogel electrolytes, denoted PASMCE and PASECE, respectively. Their effects on water states, network morphology, ion transport, and electrochemical behavior were comparatively investigated. HPMC, containing relatively hydrophobic methoxy and amphiphilic hydroxypropyl substituents, promoted a denser network and stronger water confinement. These features were associated with a wider electrochemical stability window of 2.33  V , lower hydrogen-evolution and corrosion currents, and improved Zn interfacial stability. In contrast, HEC promoted a more open freeze-dried network morphology and higher ionic conductivity, enabling PASECE-based ZIHSCs to deliver a specific capacity of 105.3 mAh g −1 at 0.75 A g −1 and a maximum energy density of 115 Wh kg −1 at 825 W kg −1 . These findings demonstrate that cellulose ethers can serve as regulatory polymeric components for tailoring hydrogel electrolyte microenvironments and balancing ion transport with Zn interfacial stability. Download: Download high-res image (189KB) Download: Download full-size image

3D MnO2/GO-cellulose sponge enabling salt-resistant interfacial evaporation and efficient antibiotic degradation

Tielin Du,Yuxiao Ran,Lang Liu

Monolithic MnO 2 /GO-cellulose sponge couples solar evaporation with photocatalytic antibiotic degradation. • Evaporation rate of 1.40 kg m −2  h −1 and 85% tetracycline degradation achieved under one sun. • 78% degradation efficiency maintained in 10 wt% NaCl with zero surface salt crystallization. • “Mesopore-concentration and macropore-reflux” mechanism enables robust salt resistance. Simultaneous antibiotic removal and salt resistance remain a promising yet challenging frontier in solar-driven interfacial evaporation. Herein, we fabricated a three-dimensional super-hydrophilic cellulose sponge integrated with a MnO 2 /GO composite (MGCS) via polydopamine-assisted deposition, successfully coupling photothermal steam generation with photocatalysis. This composite architecture enables efficient broadband solar harvesting and suppresses photogenerated electron–hole recombination, thereby enhancing both photothermal evaporation and photocatalytic degradation. Under one sun irradiation, MGCS delivers an evaporation rate of 1.40 kg m −2  h −1 and degrades 85% of tetracycline (15 mg L −1 , 150 min). Crucially, in a 10 wt% NaCl matrix, the system maintains a 78% degradation efficiency with zero surface salt crystallization over 24 h of continuous operation. This exceptional salt tolerance originates from a synergistic anti-fouling mechanism driven by the negatively charged, super-hydrophilic surface and a dynamic “mesopore-concentration and macropore-reflux” structural architecture. Ultimately, this monolithic platform provides a robust material framework for purifying complex, hypersaline wastewaters. Download: Download high-res image (186KB) Download: Download full-size image

Carboxyl-Functionalized Lotus Cellulose Fiber-Based Superabsorbent Hydrogel for Efficient Water and Fertilizer Management

To address challenges associated with the water–food nexus under climate change and population growth, a multifunctional cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogel (L-CF/CMCAA-1ATP) was developed by incorporating carboxyl-functionalized lotus cellulose fibers (L-CF) derived from waste lotus stems via deep eutectic solvent extraction and spray drying into a carboxymethyl cellulose/acrylic acid/attapulgite hydrogel network. Under optimized conditions, the L-CF/CMCAA-1ATP hydrogel exhibited an equilibrium swelling capacity of 1979 g/g in deionized water and retained 74.37% of absorbed water after 250 min at 75 °C. Soil application significantly improved water-holding capacity (40.11% to 56.55%) and maintained 34.41% water retention after 21 days. Additionally, cumulative nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium losses were reduced by 28.84%, 28.56%, and 42.23%, respectively, after five leaching cycles, with DFT calculations indicating that nutrient retention arises from hydrogen-bonding interactions with carboxyl, hydroxyl, and siloxane groups in the hydrogel network. Agricultural assays demonstrated enhanced maize growth, with chlorophyll content increasing by 21.56% compared with the control. Cell viability remained above 95% at all tested concentrations, confirming low cytotoxicity. These results demonstrate that the L-CF/CMCAA-1ATP superabsorbent hydrogel combines excellent water absorbency, water retention, nutrient conservation, plant growth promotion, and low in vitro cytotoxicity, highlighting its potential as a waste-valorization approach for utilizing agricultural residues and improving water and nutrient management in agriculture.

Cellulose Nanofiber and Sodium Caseinate Reinforced Polyacrylamide Ionic Conductive Hydrogel for Flexible Strain Sensors

Youcheng Yang,Kaifa Li,Jichao Shi,Shufang Chang,Huafeng Tian,Xiaowei Xu,Runping Jia

Ionic conductive hydrogels attract significant attention in flexible electronics due to their excellent ion transport and mechanical flexibility, but limited elasticity and poor fatigue resistance hinder practical applications. In this work, a highly tough and mechanically stable hydrogel is fabricated by incorporating cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and sodium caseinate (SC) into a polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel matrix. CNF serves as a nanoscale reinforcing component that enhances the structural strength, while SC forms micellar structures that act as dynamic energy dissipation centers. The synergistic effect of CNF and SC significantly enhances the toughness and structural stability of the hydrogel. The resulting PAM/CNF/SC hydrogel exhibits a tensile strength of 0.71 MPa, a fracture strain of 1840%, and a high toughness of 3866.6 kJ m −3 . Benefiting from the presence of sodium ions in SC, the hydrogel sensor shows excellent ionic conductivity and a rapid response time of 195 ms, enabling sensitive detection of human motions such as joint bending, swallowing, and laryngeal vibrations. This work provides a simple and effective strategy for developing high-performance ionic hydrogels, offering strong potential for application in wearable and flexible electronic devices. Graphical This study presents a cellulose nanofiber- and caseinate-reinforced polyacrylamide ionic hydrogel with improved mechanical strength, toughness, and ionic conductivity. The hydrogel enables reliable and sensitive strain sensing, demonstrating strong potential for use in flexible wearable electronics.