ORGANIC PROCESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
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2026
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IF 3.3
Ran Wang,Liming Xu,Yifan Yang,Wenqing Wang,Mingzhe Liu,Xiaoye Su,Yu Shao
In recent years, oligonucleotide drugs, as a novel class of drug molecules, have provided new treatment modalities for patients with chronic diseases. Although the traditional synthesis process system for oligonucleotide drugs is continuously improving and maturing, the ammonolysis process still commonly uses offline methods. Especially during industrial scale-up, limitations such as difficulties in material transfer, nonuniform sampling, and monitoring of high-concentration supersaturation have highlighted the lack of an efficient, real-time, and accurate online control system for monitoring the oligonucleotide ammonolysis process. In this study, a novel online ammonolysis process system for oligonucleotides was constructed for the first time. This system is equipped with online Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), enabling real-time monitoring and endpoint control of the oligonucleotide ammonolysis process. The experimental results showed that under conditions of different temperatures and various types of solid supports, this method can stably and accurately reflect the oligonucleotide ammonolysis process. The detection results at multiple wavelengths (IR 1232 cm–1, 1457 cm–1, 1504 cm–1, 1635 cm–1) are comparable to the traditional offline ultraviolet (UV) detection method (UV 260 nm) (Pearson correlation coefficient r > 0.9). To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to achieve real-time online infrared monitoring and control of the ammonolysis process for oligonucleotides within the public literature. This achievement lays a solid foundation for deploying IR process analytical technology on an industrial scale and realizing online quality control and process optimization for the production of oligonucleotide drugs.
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Small Methods
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2026
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IF 8.7
Tianchang He,Wenhua Zheng,Lina Zhu,Xiaoyan Fang,Chunjie Miao,Xinyang Shi,Lemei Zhao,Shuai Jiang
Coating nanoparticles with cell membranes has emerged as a powerful strategy for developing biomimetic nanocarriers that replicate essential cellular features such as immune evasion, prolonged circulation, and site-selective distribution. Despite substantial efforts to optimize ligand presentation on cell membranes, achieving efficient, uniform, and scalable membrane coating remains challenging. Moreover, precise quantification of coating degree, particularly at the single-particle level to reveal inter-particle heterogeneity, has been lacking. Here, we establish S ingle- P article A nalysis of CE ll M embr AN e ( SPACEMAN ), a quantitative platform that enables accurate evaluation of coating integrity and heterogeneity with single-nanoparticle resolution. Using SPACEMAN, we demonstrate that a nano-vesiculation strategy based on ultrasonication achieves a significantly higher overall coating rate (82.2% of particles) compared with extrusion (68.0%) and sonication (61.0%), and yields a greater proportion of particles with high surface coverage (50%–75% and 75%–100% of surface area). Nanoparticles coated via this method exhibited superior immune evasion and prolonged circulation in both in vitro and in vivo models. Indeed, SPACEMAN offers a generalizable single-particle analytical framework for quantitatively probing heterogeneity in physicochemical properties, drug loading, and surface modifications of nanoparticle formulations.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2026
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IF 12.5
Yi-Fan Luo,Xiao-Juan Lei,Kai Zhang,Ming Wang
Multifunctional fibers capable of achieving switchable electromagnetic shielding effects while integrating versatile responsive capabilities are critically important for wearable electronics and electromagnetic shielding technologies. Nevertheless, existing conductive fibers typically suffer from passive shielding characteristics and insufficient mechanical performance, whereas poly( p -phenylene-2, 6-benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fibers exhibit superior mechanical properties yet lack multifunctionality. To resolve this, we developed a metallized PBO fiber platform featuring switchable microwave shielding and Joule heating through interfacial engineering of self-assembled copper-polymer networks. A polydopamine-mediated electroless plating strategy, utilizing polydopamine-anchored silver nanoparticles as catalytic sites, enables uniform Cu 2 O/Cu coatings with high electrical conductivity (up to 1.6 × 10 5 S/m), while remarkably enhancing mechanical properties within an optimal conductivity range compared to pristine PBO fibers. The aligned conductive fibers demonstrate a 55 dB dynamic EMI shielding range via angle-dependent grating effects, enabling real-time switching between shielding (45 dB) and transmission (5 dB) states through rotational adjustment. Simultaneously, the metallized coating delivers multifunctional capabilities including rapid electrothermal response (reaching 110 °C at 0.07 A), superhydrophobicity (157.4° contact angle), and self-cleaning performance. This work successfully reconciles the longstanding conflict between ultrahigh mechanical strength and active EMI/thermal regulation functionalities, establishing a new paradigm for multifunctional fiber development in aerospace and wearable systems.
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Advanced Science
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2026
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IF 14.1
Yanli Huang,Haifen Luo,Jie Yin,Shuai Cao,Gaolei Dong,Zhi Tan,Chunlin Zhao,Peiye Wen,Fengwei Sun,Shan Zhang,Xianzeng Zhang,Yunlu Dai,Zhen Yang,Wei Huang
Pyroelectric catalysis has shown promising prospects for sustainable energy generation and medical treatments. However, its potential is limited by intrinsically low pyroelectric coefficients and insufficient interfacial reactivity, resulting in poor reactive oxygen species (ROS) output. In this study, we design Ba(Ti 0.85 Zr 0.15 )O 3 (BTZ) nanocatalysts, featuring enhanced polarization tunability and oxygen-vacancy-rich interfaces, for efficient NIR-II-driven photo-pyroelectric cancer therapy. Molecular dynamics and phase-field simulations indicate that Zr incorporation maintains strong polarization while facilitating rapid polarization switching via multiscale nanodomain formation. This results in an ultrahigh pyroelectric coefficient (3505 µC m −2 K −1 ), representing a 678% enhancement over pristine BaTiO 3 . Interface engineering introduces oxygen vacancies that enhance NIR-II photothermal conversion and serve as reactive sites to facilitate the dissociation of water molecules. Density functional theory calculations reveal that Zr doping narrows the bandgap and redistributes conduction band electrons, while interfacial oxygen vacancies facilitate water adsorption through optimized hydroxyl binding. As a result, synergistic pyrocatalysis and peroxidase-like activity under NIR-II-driven mild thermal cycling enable robust multipath ROS generation. Both in vitro and in vivo studies confirm efficient tumor cell ablation via NIR-II induced pyroelectric therapy. This work presents a co-engineering strategy integrating polarization and interface design to overcome long-standing limitations in pyroelectric catalysis, advancing its application in precision oncology.
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ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
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2026
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IF 6.1
Xiaoli Zhou,Xinyue Yan,Xiaofeng Liang,Ziyi Zhao,Yong Huang,Kun Hu
Background The overuse of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has raised public health and environmental concerns, and their concentrations are low in environmental and biological samples, where complex sample matrices can interfere with analytical accuracy, creating an urgent need for a simple, effective, and sensitive method to detect NSAIDs in complex samples. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising adsorbents owing to their tunable pore structures and abundant functional groups. Nevertheless, synthesizing COFs that simultaneously exhibit high adsorption performance and enable sensitive detection of NSAIDs remains a remarkable challenge. Results To address this, we synthesized triazine COFs with the assistance of an ionic liquid (IL), termed T-IL-COFs, and employed them as adsorbents for enriching and detecting various NSAIDs. For comparison, W-COFs (lacking IL assistance and triazine units) and T-COFs (containing triazine groups but synthesized without IL) were also prepared. Compared with these two COFs, T-IL-COFs contained triazine units and exhibited larger specific surface areas and pore sizes, enhancing their adsorption performance and selectivity. Adsorption mechanisms were examined using multiple spectroscopic techniques, revealing that interactions were driven by π–π stacking, hydrophobic, electrostatic, and hydrogen-bonding forces. A T-IL–COF–based high-performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet (HPLC–UV) method was then developed for dispersive solid–phase extraction of NSAIDs. The proposed method exhibited excellent linear ranges (ibuprofen: 1–800 ng/mL; flurbiprofen and ketoprofen: 0.5–800 ng/mL), high enrichment factors (50–81), low limits of detection (0.12–0.33 ng/mL), and excellent recoveries (80.51%–104.70%) in urine and river water samples. Significance This study presents an alternative strategy to enhance the adsorption performance and selectivity of COFs for NSAIDs by introducing functional groups and increasing the specific surface area and pore size. Moreover, it offers an efficient HPLC–UV method for the selective enrichment and sensitive detection of NSAIDs in environmental and biological samples.
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
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2026
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IF 7.8
Lidong Wang,Yongyan Sun,Yuting Sun,Changbin Zhang,Guixi Wang,Junnan He,Yan Zhao,Ming Li
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) holds promise for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) but is limited by the tumor microenvironment─specifically hypoxia, elevated glutathione (GSH), and the lack of tumor-selective photosensitizer activation. To overcome these barriers, we developed a GSH-activated nanoplatform Cu-TCPP(Zn)/Ti3C2Tx for fluorescence imaging-guided synergistic photodynamic/chemodynamic therapy (PDT/CDT). The system is constructed from two-dimensional Cu-TCPP(Zn) MOF nanosheets, where Cu2+ and Zn2+ completely quench the fluorescence and PDT activity of TCPP and surface-anchored Ti3C2Tx MXene. In the TME, overexpressed GSH reduces Cu2+ to Cu+ and abstracts Zn from the Zn–N4 complex, triggering nanocomposite disintegration to restore fluorescence, activate PDT, and simultaneously deplete GSH to reduce antioxidant defense. The resulting Cu+ catalyzes a Fenton-like reaction with endogenous H2O2 to generate •OH for CDT, while Ti3C2Tx acts as a catalase-like nanozyme, decomposing H2O2 into O2 to alleviate hypoxia, promote charge transfer, improve the utilization efficiency of photogenerated electrons, and enhance PDT efficacy. In vitro, the platform showed excellent biocompatibility and GSH-responsive activation, inducing 41.21% apoptosis in CAL-27 cells under 660 nm laser irradiation, significantly outperforming controls. In vivo, the nanocomposite accumulated efficiently in tumors via the EPR effect, suppressed tumor growth, and exhibited no observable systemic toxicity. This work provides a TME-responsive theranostic platform that integrates tumor-specific activation, GSH depletion, hypoxia alleviation, and enhanced ROS generation for precise and effective OSCC treatment.
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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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2026
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IF 7.3
Weizhao Yao,Yaru Li,Yuling Du,Rongzi Gao,Junhao Tan,Jinlong Fan,Yuan Liu
Liquid biopsy faces critical limitations in detecting low-abundance protein biomarkers due to serum complexity, single-target constraints, and insufficient sensitivity. Here, we present an integrated microfluidic protein aptamer corona-CRISPR (PACC) platform that synergizes nanoparticle protein corona (PC) enrichment, multiplexed aptamer recognition, and CRISPR-Cas12a-driven signal generation for facile and rapid point-of-care testing. Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles capable of streamlining PC isolation via magnetic separation were employed to concentrate cancer-associated proteins from serum. A 6-plex aptamer panel, which selectively bound target proteins via forming protein–aptamer coronas (PACs), was used to initiate the in situ activation of CRISPR-Cas12a via complementary crRNAs for fluorescence signal generation. This entire workflow was miniaturized into a 3D-printed microfluidic chip and portable reader, achieving a fast sample-to-answer process. Clinical validation with 112 serum specimens demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.95 and 88.24% accuracy. By integrating these modalities, the PACC platform overcomes serum matrix interference and biomarker scarcity, providing a scalable and low-cost avenue for detecting low-abundance protein biomarkers and advancing liquid biopsy toward precision oncology.
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Nature Communications
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2026
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IF 18.1
Zhao Yuehua,Chen Hongbo,Hu Ming,Xu Wen-Sheng,Wang Dapeng
The adsorption of charged nanoparticles at water-oil interfaces constitutes a fundamental phenomenon, underlying pivotal technologies spanning from emulsion stabilization to the sophisticated fabrication of foams. However, the diffusional behavior of these nanoparticles remains poorly understood. Here, we use single-molecule tracking experiments to show that the diffusion of like-charged nanoparticles at the water-oil interface not only becomes anomalous but also displays a diffusional aging phenomenon at the interfacial coverage that is not associated with the glassy state. We further develop a theoretical framework that quantitatively reproduces all experimental observations. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the necessity of the coexistence of attraction and repulsion for the emergence of aging dynamics. The interplay between attraction and repulsion leads to nanoparticle adhesion taking place over observable timescales, which is manifested as aging dynamics. The discovery of diffusional aging demonstrates that interfacial evolution persists beyond adsorption equilibrium, suggesting that this effect must be accounted for in applications involving water-oil interfaces laden with charged nanoparticles.
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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
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2026
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IF 6
Jun Yu,Xianwei Zhao,Yongjun Chen,Azhu Wang,Pei Li,Yuzhe Wang,Haining Chen,Huicong Liu,Hui Ye,Weiping Li
Ga-doped zinc oxide (GZO) has attracted considerable interest for applications in electronic transport owing to its superior electrical properties. In this study, we report a low-temperature (<100°C) aqueous open-system route for the in-situ synthesis of GZO powders. The efficient substitutional doping of Ga 3+ into the ZnO lattice is achieved via a formation, in-situ transformation and dissolution–reprecipitation pathway of ε-Zn(OH) 2 or ZnGa-layered double hydroxide (ZnGa-LDH) intermediates, which simultaneously endows the products with unique flower-like or bundle-like morphologies. Chemical equilibrium calculations and time-dependent experiments reveal that the ionic species Zn(NH 3 ) 4 2+ and Ga(OH) 4 - , formed in the aqueous solution under high ammonia concentration, serve as reactive monomers that facilitate the formation and transformation of the intermediate phases. Electrical measurements combined with UV-Vis-NIR, EPR, and PL spectroscopic analyses indicate that Ga doping introduces shallow donor-type defects alongside zinc vacancy-related acceptor defects into the ZnO lattice, narrowing the optical bandgap and enhancing the electrical conductivity of the resulting powders. The GZO powder with a nominal doping ratio of 5% exhibits the lowest resistivity (Surface resistivity measured by the four-probe method is 3.43 × 10 4 Ω/□). This work provides a new pathway for the controllable preparation of functional conductive oxide powders.
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MATERIALS SCIENCE IN SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING
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2026
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IF 5.2
Wenzhi Zhou,Mingkun Wu,Yuelong Liang,Zhenghai Yang,Jindong Yang,Mengkui Tian
Constructing heterojunctions is an effective strategy to enhance charge carrier separation and photocatalytic performance. In this study, a Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 /InVO 4 S-scheme heterojunction composite was prepared by a solvothermal method. The physicochemical properties were thoroughly investigated using various characterization techniques. Visible-light degradation experiments of ciprofloxacin (CIP) showed that the optimal sample, 5% Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 /InVO 4 (BI-5), exhibited the highest degradation activity (92.77%) along with excellent cycling stability. The effects of different environmental factors on the degradation performance were also systematically studied. The enhanced activity is attributed to the synergistic effect of the S-scheme heterojunction and increased oxygen vacancies. The S-scheme charge transfer, driven by the IEF at the heterointerface, enables spatial separation of photogenerated electrons and holes while preserving strong redox potentials, with reductive electrons accumulating in Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 and oxidative holes remaining in InVO 4 . Meanwhile, the introduction of InVO 4 creates abundant oxygen vacancies. These vacancies act as electron capture centers to suppress bulk recombination, introduce in-gap states that facilitate interfacial charge transfer, and provide additional active sites for surface reactions. Consequently, the S-scheme junction and oxygen vacancies jointly promote the separation, migration, and surface utilization of charge carriers, leading to significantly improved photocatalytic performance.
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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
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2026
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IF 6
Shiqing Yu,Yong Zheng,Yuze Du,Xi Zhang,Kai Wang,Juncheng Yao,Guangyu Wang
Antireflective coatings (ARCs) with self-cleaning and antistatic functionalities were fabricated using the sol-gel method with a Ti-Zn modified SiO 2 sol. Chain-like Ti-Zn composites were incorporated into SiO 2 nanoparticles exhibiting a dual-size distribution, forming a cross-linked composite structure that enhanced coating hardness while maintaining high transmittance and imparting multifunctional properties. The effects of Ti-Zn sol content on the surface morphology, microstructure, optical performance, mechanical strength, and wettability of the coatings were systematically investigated. The resulting coatings exhibited a hardness of 3H, an adhesion rating of 5B, and a solar-weighted transmittance (T sw ) of 95.31% across the wavelength range of 380–1100 nm, significantly higher than that of bare K9 glass (91.38%). Moreover, the introduction of the Ti-Zn composite sol imparted superhydrophilic properties to the coating (water contact angle, WCA = 1.8°) and facilitated the formation of continuous conductive pathways, reducing the surface resistivity to 3.61 × 10 8 Ω/□. This effectively suppressed electrostatic charge accumulation, thereby mitigating dust deposition. Furthermore, the coating demonstrated excellent multifunctional performance. A self-cleaning efficiency of 97.10% was achieved with a negligible loss in T sw (0.03%), while the haze value remained below 2% during antifogging tests. Additionally, the dust deposition density was reduced to 40.48% of that of bare glass, confirming the enhanced anti-dust performance.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2026
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IF 12.5
Yang Wu,Long Zhang,Hao-Ran Yang,Jiaqi Li,Yuzhen Hou,Chang-Shun Li,Bobo Shi,Meng Zhou,Wulin Shang,Weiqing Kong,Huan Xu,Gang Zhou,Jiefeng Gao,Hongwei Zhao
Inspired by biological strategies, we developed an environment-adaptive Janus metafabric via multiscale interfacial electrospinning and soft-template-assisted phase separation strategy. • The Cyphochilus scale cooling layer achieves outstanding solar reflectance (94.8%) and mid infrared emissivity (98.1%), the Photon-trapping thermal layer achieves high solar absorptivity (81.8%). • Gradient porous architecture promotes directional sweat transport for enhanced wearing comfort. To mitigate heat stress during outdoor activities, passive radiative cooling (PRC) has been recognized as promising candidate for personal thermal management (PTM). However, conventional single-layer cooling fabrics cannot meet dynamic environments and wearing comfort. Herein, inspired by the highly scattering porous scales of Cyphochilus beetles, we developed an environment-adaptive Janus metafabric (EAJM) composed of a Cyphochilus scale-inspired cooling (CSC) layer and a Photon-trapping thermal (PTT) layer via multiscale interfacial electrospinning and soft-template-assisted phase separation (ST-PS) strategy. The EAJM combines hydrophilic PAN/SiO 2 fibers and hydrophobic PLA/PPy fibers into a functional Janus architecture. The CSC layer achieves outstanding solar reflectance (94.8%) and mid-infrared emissivity (98.1%), whereas the PTT layer serves as an efficient photon-trapping absorber (81.8%). This asymmetric spectral modulation enables dual-mode thermal management beyond the capabilities of conventional single-layer cooling fabrics. In outdoor tests, EAJM achieved outstanding radiative cooling (∆T max = 7.2 °C) and photothermal performance (∆T max = 2.8 °C) compared with bare skin. Meanwhile, the net cooling and heating power reached 113.7 W m −2 and 363.1 W m −2 , respectively. Furthermore, the wettability and pore-size gradient of EAJM facilitate anisotropic capillary-driven moisture transport, enabling rapid sweat wicking and evaporation. This work offers a promising strategy for PTMM and next-generation smart wearable textiles. Download: Download high-res image (363KB) Download: Download full-size image
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