Materials Science and Engineering B-Advanced Functional Solid-State Materials
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2024
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IF 3.9
Xianzhao Zhang,Qiyi Yin,Hengwen Cheng,Ruihua Zheng,Hui Zhang,Kunhong Hu,Fei Lin,Liping Fang,Shicheng Wang,Zhen Zhang
In this study, new lead-free piezoelectric ceramics (1 − x )(K 0.5 Na 0.5 )NbO 3 (KNN)– x (Bi 0.45 Y 0.05 )Na 0.5 ZrO 3 (BYNZ) were prepared using the conventional solid-state method, and the relation between the doping amount of (Bi 0.45 Y 0.05 )Na 0.5 ZrO 3 and its structural and electrical properties was investigated. Material characterization and structural analyses conducted using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy revealed that KNN–BYNZ ceramics formed single perovskite structures at 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05 and a polycrystalline phase boundary (PPB) for the coexisting orthorhombic and tetragonal phases at 0.03 ≤ x ≤ 0.05. The ceramics exhibited desirable electrical properties at x = 0.04 ( d 33 = 305 pC/N, k p = 45.8 %, ε r = 1316, tanδ = 2.4 %, T c = 332 °C, P r = 28.2 μC/cm 2 , and E c = 1.07 kV/mm). These findings reveal that the introduction of BYNZ enables the effective formation of a PPB in the KNN-based ceramics to improve their electrical properties, and they exhibit potential for replacing lead-based piezoelectric ceramics in the market.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
物理学
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DOI
高影响因子
Materials Today Chemistry
·
2021
·
IF 8.301
Xiaoyong Huang,Shaoying Wang,Balaji Devakumar,Nan Ma
The development of new efficient and environmental-friendly inorganic phosphors is highly important for phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes and optoelectronic displays. In this paper, we report a novel and simple one-step solid-state reaction to synthesize lead-free cesium copper halide Cs 3 Cu 2 Br 5 powders with bright blue emission around 460 nm. The preparation process is performed at low calcination temperatures (290–320 °C) and requires no complex apparatus, reagents, or techniques, and thus it holds great potential for mass production of halide emitters. The Cs 3 Cu 2 Br 5 powder phosphors are characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, photoluminescence excitation and emission spectroscopy , CIE color coordinates, color purity, photoluminescence quantum yield, and temperature-dependent emission spectra . The effect of calcination temperature on the photoluminescence properties of the as-prepared Cs 3 Cu 2 Br 5 blue phosphors has been investigated and the air-stability property has also been discussed. Impressively, Cs 3 Cu 2 Br 5 blue phosphors show outstanding stability toward air exposure exceeding one month (30 days). Our work will open a new and simple approach to obtain excellent halide emitters for future solid-state lighting and displays.
研究领域:
材料科学
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光学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
MINERALS ENGINEERING
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2025
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IF 5
Qinbo Cao,Yan Yan,Heng Zou,Haiyu Zhang,Dianwen Liu,Shuming Wen
The S 2 O 8 2− /Fe 2+ system can be used to depress PbS, where the activation of S 2 O 8 2− leads to the generation of SO 4 • − radicals that oxidize PbS. However, a high S 2 O 8 2− /Fe 2+ dosage is needed for PbS depression (0.15 mol/L). In this study, ultrasonication was employed to improve the depression ability of S 2 O 8 2− /Fe 2+ . The flotation and contact angle results implied that 120-kHz ultrasonication enhanced the depression ability of S 2 O 8 2− /Fe 2+ for PbS, resulting in a decrease in the S 2 O 8 2− /Fe 2+ dosage. Ultrasonication induced hot spots (5000 K) in the PbS slurry and on the PbS surface. These hot spots may cause the thermal activation of S 2 O 8 2− to generate SO 4 • − radicals, facilitating the oxidation of PbS. Thus, the ultrasound-assisted treatment increased the oxidation level of PbS. The XPS study revealed that ultrasonication favored the oxidation of S 2− on the PbS surface to SO 4 2− , such that the surface was covered with PbSO 4 and the hydrophobicity of PbS was lowered. However, ultrasonication did not considerably increase the oxidation state of the CuFeS 2 surface; thus, CuFeS 2 could still be floated and separated from PbS. This study provides a novel strategy for separating PbS–CuFeS 2 mixtures.
研究领域:
矿物加工工程
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化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
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2025
·
IF 5.5
Xinxin Xia,Cheng Zhang,Wenyi Lai,Zhenglin Zou,Peigen Zhang,Jingwen Tang,Ying Guan,Shuang Tian,Balázs Illés,ZhengMing Sun
The spontaneous growth of metal whiskers has long posed reliability challenges in electronic devices, often resulting in short-circuit failures. Recent findings on the rapid and extensive formation of tin (Sn) whiskers on Ti₂SnC substrates underscore the critical role of atomized Sn in whisker growth. In this study, mechanochemically decomposed Ti₂SnC, capable of quantitatively and efficiently generating large amounts of atomized Sn, was implanted to Sn, Bi, and Pb metal matrices. After three days of being annealed at 60 °C, numerous whiskers grown on all implanted matrices, proving the critical role of atomized Sn in whisker growth. Notably, SnBi bimetallic and solid solution whiskers were detected. TEM analysis proved that the formation of SnBi whiskers was caused by the released latent heat of crystallizing atomized Sn, which creates SnBi micro-melt pools at the interface, facilitating interface flow and supplying the necessary constituents for SnBi bimetallic and solid solution whisker formation. Likewise, SnPb bimetallic whiskers were observed in Pb matrices implanted with the mechanochemical decomposed Ti 2 SnC. These findings provide two contrasting strategies for future applications: effectively suppressing whisker formation and intentionally synthesizing bimetallic nanowires.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电子工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
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2024
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IF 6.2
Chuanyue Chen,Xueer Wang,Yingrong Jin,Yinchang Yao,Suchang Li,Zhi Liao,Xiaolin Zhang,Xiaojun Yan
The increasing deposition of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic ecosystems is a worldwide concern. MPs can interact with other environmental pollutants, such as heavy metals, and change their toxicity. In this study, we focused on the effects of MPs and lead (Pb), as a toxic heavy metal, on marine mussel Mytilus coruscus under separate and co-exposure situations at environmentally relevant concentrations: MPs (1 mg/L) and Pb (50 μg/L). We found that MPs alone or in combination with Pb significantly decreased the respiration and filtration rates of the mussels ( p < 0.05). Histological observations revealed varying extents of damage to the gill and digestive gland caused by a single exposure to MPs, which was aggravated by co-exposure to Pb. In addition, co-exposure induced a higher level of oxidative stress, which was reflected by an increase in hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content, and a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activity. Meanwhile, co-exposure poses a significant threat to the immune function of the mussels, as evidenced by induction of hemocytes to produce excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), significantly reducing lysosome activity ( p < 0.05), inhibiting the expression of autophagy-related genes, and inducing the expression of apoptosis-related genes, resulting in hemocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, the TLR/MyD88/NFκB signaling pathway is involved in the immune response of mussels to environmental stress. This study provides novel perspectives on the toxicity of MPs combined with Pb in marine animals, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying their ecotoxicological effects.
研究领域:
环境科学
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毒理学
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分子生物学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS
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2024
·Vol. 24
·期 11
·3641-3655
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IF 2.8
Huang Haofeng,Lin Qintie,Liu Jiaxin,Wei Longyi,Liu Yuxin,Zheng Junli,Lei Haoxin,Chen Tingxi,Luo Hao
Purpose The purpose of the study is to develop remediation technology for soil with arsenic and lead composite pollution by leaching. Arsenate carries a negative charge in soil, while lead carries a positive charge in soil, causing soil remediation more challenging. There is an urgent need to develop a remediation method that can efficiently remove both arsenic and lead simultaneously. Methods A complex agent composed of potassium pyrophosphate (PP) and potassium hypophosphite (PHP) was applied to the Soil A (As soil samples) and B (As-Pb soil samples). The research methods identified the optimal condition of As and Pb removal efficiency by concentration, molar ratio, liquid‒solid ratio, washing time and pH. The mechanism of the experiment is studied through Wenzel/BCR method analysis, I R and M F analysis, leaching toxicity and soil physicochemical properties analysis. Results The results show that the removal of arsenic from Soil A and B was 71.53% and 68.27% by 0.5 mol·L −1 PP and 0.2 mol·L −1 PHP, L/S = 10:1(L/S is liquid–solid ratio, volume ratio of agent to soil), t = 10 h, pH = 5.0. The removal of Pb in Soil B reached 74.89% by 0.6 mol·L −1 PP and 0.3 mol·L −1 PHP, L/S = 15:1, t = 8 h, pH = 7.0. According to Wenzel method, the complex agent converts specific adsorption into nonspecific adsorption state of As by Fe–P complexes through complexation and reductive dissolution of iron oxide. In addition, PP increases the efficiency of lead leaching by preventing the formation of Ca 2 Pb 3 (PO 4 ) 3 Cl, and PHP promotes the reductive dissolution of galena (PbS). Conclusions The mechanism involves competitive adsorption, inner-sphere complexation, reduction dissolution and electron transfer. The effect of pH on removal efficiency was significant. The optimal removal pH for As is weakly acidic, while the Pb removal efficiency is optimized under neutral conditions. There is synergy between PP and PHP in regard to removal of As and Pb in soil.
研究领域:
环境科学
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土壤化学
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污染控制
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DOI
高影响因子
APPLIED OPTICS
·
2024
·Vol. 63
·期 5
·1258-1264
·
IF 1.7
Hongliang Zhao,Yating Zhang,Yating Zhang,Jianquan Yao
Lead halide perovskites (LHPs) have been extensively studied due to their remarkable optoelectronic performance. However, the toxicity of a lead ion to humans and its instability under ambient conditions render lead-based halide perovskite an unsuitable material for commercialization. Meanwhile, lead-free halide perovskite (LFHP) devices generally exhibit poor performance. Therefore, enhancing photoelectric conversion capacity is the most important issue that needs to be addressed. Here, we propose a photodetector (PD) fabricated using ${{\rm CsBi}_3}{{\rm I}_{10}}/{\rm phenyl} {\text -} {{\rm C}_{61}}$-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) bulk heterojunction as the active layer. The PD illuminated under 532 nm can reach a high responsivity (1.54 A/W) at ${-}{2}\;{\rm V}$ bias, while at 2 V bias, the PD reaches a higher responsivity (224.40 A/W). All of those results suggest that ${{\rm CsBi}_3}{{\rm I}_{10}}/ {\rm PCBM}$ bulk heterojunctions hold enormous potential in substituting for LHPs in optoelectronic devices.
研究领域:
材料科学
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光电子学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 6.3
Yuxin Xu,Yu Li,Guixin Wang,Meiling Zhang,Xiongxin Peng,Fan Yang,Kui Cheng
The effective mitigation of the environmental impact of heavy metal remains a significant scientific challenge. In this study, a novel and environmentally friendly approach has been proposed to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) functional composite materials for Pb(II) removal. The easy-to-recycle spherical adsorbent is prepared by the dual utilization of sodium alginate (SA) as a bio-source precursor for the synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) and as a natural framework for the formation of SA hydrogel. The abundant surface-active groups on the SA hydrogel not only provide additional adsorption sites for the aggregation of heavy metal ions but can also be readily cross-linked with CDs without chemical additives, and thereby offering a 3D porous structure for chelating metal ions. The resulting HL-5CDs adsorbent demonstrates an impressive adsorption capacity of 305.21 mg·g −1 for Pb(II). The adsorption mechanism involves both chemical reaction and diffusion, leveraging the porous structure and rich oxygen groups of the material. Notably, a pot experiment revealed that the as-prepared HL-5CDs could inhibit the bioavailability of Pb(II). This study introduces a green and straightforward method for creating high-performance adsorbents, showcasing potential applications in energy, cleaning, and the remediation of wastewater pollution.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2024
·
IF 12.2
Bokun Chang,Zixuan Huang,Xiaodong Yang,Tianhuan Yang,Xianhui Fang,Xianbao Zhong,Wei Ding,Gang Cao,Yajun Yang,Feinan Hu,Chenyang Xu,Ling Qiu,Jialong Lv,Wei Du
To investigate the adsorption effects of aged microplastics (MPs) on Pb(II) and their co-transport properties in homogeneous (quartz sand) and heterogeneous (quartz sand with apple branches biochar) porous media, we explored the co-transport of UV-irradiated aged MPs and coexisting Pb(II) along with their interaction mechanisms. The UV aging process increased the binding sites and electronegativity of the aged MPs' surface, enhancing its adsorption capacity for Pb(II). Aged MPs significantly improved Pb(II) transport through homogeneous media , while Pb(II) hindered the transport of aged MPs by reducing electrostatic repulsion between these particles and the quartz sand. When biochar, with its loose and porous structure, was used as a porous medium, it effectively inhibited the transport capacity of both contaminants. In addition, since the aged MPs cannot penetrate the column, a portion of Pb(II) adsorbed by the aged MPs will be co-deposited with the aged MPs, hindering Pb(II) transport to a greater extent. The transport experiments were simulated and interpreted using two-point kinetic modeling and the DLVO theory. The study results elucidate disparities in the capacity of MPs and aged MPs to transport Pb(II), underscoring the potential of biochar application as an effective strategy to impede the dispersion of composite environmental pollutants.
研究领域:
环境科学
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生态学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2024
·
IF 12.2
Shuai Tang,Shengjia Ma,Lujian Lin,Yimei Ding,Xiaoting Zhang,Xiaowei Wu,Qun Zhang,Md. Nahid Pervez,Chengjin Cao,Yaping Zhao
Face masks have emerged as a significant source of microplastics (MPs) under the influence of biotic and abiotic interactions. However, the combined effects of abiotic photoaging and biofilm-loading on mask-derived MPs as carriers of metal ions are not clear. We investigated the Pb(Ⅱ) adsorption onto polypropylene (PP) and polyurethane (PU) mask-derived MPs treated by photoaging, biofilm-loading, and both combinations, evaluating the composite risks. PU mask-derived MPs (1.15 7.47 mg/g) exhibited greater Pb(Ⅱ) adsorption capacity than PP mask-derived MPs (0.84 2.08 mg/g) because of the presence of intrinsic carbonyl functional groups. Photoaging (30.5%, 88.4%), biofilm-loading (110.7%, 87.1%), and both combinations (146.7%, 547.0%) of PP and PU masks enhanced Pb(Ⅱ) adsorption compared to virgin mask-derived MPs due to the increase of oxygen-containing functional groups. High-throughput sequencing indicated that the structural morphology and chemical composition of masks significantly affected the microbial community. Adsorption mechanisms involved electrostatic force and surface complexation. A combination of photoaging and biofilms increased the ecological risk index of mask-derived MPs in freshwater, showing the risk level to be high (PP mask) and very high (PU mask). This research highlights the crucial role of photoaging combined with biofilms in controlling metal ion adsorption onto mask-derived MPs, thereby increasing the composite risks.
研究领域:
环境科学
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生态学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
·
2024
·Vol. 53
·期 8
·3722-3730
·
IF 3.5
Shiquan Cao,Yujia Kang,Huiping Tang,Zhi Chen
The extraction of lead-212 (212Pb) from radioactive thorium (Th) waste is immensely important, as it serves to mitigate environmental risks associated with radioactive waste and provides a vital source for medical isotopes. To economically extract 212Pb from thorium, we synthesized a novel extractant known as 2,13-disulfonyldiethylamine dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DSADB18C6). We assessed its performance in isolating Pb(II) by employing stable lead and optimizing the parameters of the extraction system. The results showcased an exceptional ability to extract Pb(II) efficiently. Within 10 minutes, using 20 mmol of DSADB18C6 and under conditions of 10 mg L−1 lead concentration (HNO3 = 0.5 mol L−1), the extraction efficiency reached up to 96.1%. Even after four rounds of stripping with 0.4 mol L−1 ammonium citrate, the efficiency remained at 90.2%. Moreover, the extraction stoichiometry and thermodynamics revealed that DSADB18C6 exhibited superior extraction performance compared to the commercial extractant 4′,4′′,(5′′)-di-(tert-butyldicyclohexano)-18-crown-6 (DtBuDC18C6), in line with the density functional theory (DFT) calculation result. Furthermore, we successfully separated 212Pb from the thorium nitrate solution, maintaining radioactive equilibrium with its progeny. Gamma-spectroscopy confirmed a recovery yield of extraction exceeding 85.7%. This study presents a viable approach, underscoring the potential of DSADB18C6 as a promising extractant for the effective separation of 212Pb from radioactive thorium sources.
研究领域:
放射化学
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核医学
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
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2024
·
IF 6.9
Yun Li,Yu Liu,Liyuan Chai,Xin Wang,Dezhou Zhang,Yongming Chen,Yunyan Wang,Shenghai Yang,Yong Ke,Cong Peng,Pingsheng Zeng,Xingwu Lu,Xiaobo Min
PbSO 4 is the main component of lead paste, lead smoke and other lead-containing solid wastes. It usually matches with the primary lead concentrate to co-smelt for lead extraction, mostly in the oxidation smelting stage. The lead waste quickly experiences different temperature and atmosphere fields from feeding the furnace to the completion of the reactions. This work investigated PbSO 4 decomposition kinetic and phase transformation mechanism during lead waste pyrometallurgical recycling. The results show that the activation energy of the decomposition reaction of PbSO 4 at 800 ℃∼1000 ℃ in Ar atmosphere is 121.35 kJ/mol. The PbSO 4 decomposition reaction in Ar and Air is a multi-step decomposition process, which may undergo PbSO 4 → PbO·PbSO 4 → 2PbO·PbSO 4 → 4PbO·PbSO 4 → PbO. PbO is not generated through direct decomposition of PbSO 4 . The results are expected to provide guidance for the lead wastes co-smelting process to achieve a target PbSO 4 decomposition product.
研究领域:
冶金学
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材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）