Journal of Functional Foods
·
2021
·
IF 4.451
Yaozhong Hu,Jiaxin Gu,Jing Lin,Yi Wang,Feier Yang,Jia Yin,Zhenting Yu,Sihao Wu,Huan Lv,Xuemeng Ji,Shuo Wang
The intervention of EGCG on M1/M2 macrophage polarization was still unclear and should be studied comprehensively. In this context, the intervention of EGCG on macrophage polarization has been investigated to reveal that EGCG promoted M2 polarization of RAW264.7 upon treating with EGCG. A significant inhibitory effect of EGCG on M1 polarization was observed upon stimulating with LPS and IFN-γ. The expression of macrophage phenotype related marker genes (iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β for M1; Arg-1, Ym-1, IL-10 for M2) demonstrated the suppression of M1 polarization and the promotion of M2 polarization in liver, colon, spleen, and brain. Further analysis against peritoneal macrophages verified the increased M2 phenotypes and decreased M1 macrophages, and the similar variation in liver were confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). No significant variation of spleen macrophages was observed with the general macrophages in declined tendency. Bio-distribution of EGCG and its metabolites (EGC, GA) in different organs has been further determined.
研究领域:
免疫学
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药理学
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细胞生物学
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高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
·
2026
·
IF 5.2
Jianan Zhang,Yangli He,Yundi Wu,Tian Xie,Wanmeng Fu,Xilong Wu,Lei Zhou,Min Zeng
Effective management of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains a clinical challenge. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a natural antioxidant, exhibits therapeutic potential in I/R models; however, it is limited by poor bioavailability and inadequate targeted delivery. Therefore, using a synergistic therapeutic strategy, we designed a nanoplatform (PB@PEI@FPBA-EGCG NPs, referred to as PPFE NPs) to address these limitations. PPFE NPs integrate Prussian blue nanoparticles (PB NPs) with EGCG, harnessing the multi-enzyme–mimicking activities of PB NPs (SOD/CAT mimetic, •OH scavenging) together with the pharmacological properties of EGCG. Notably, in this nanoplatform, PB NPs and EGCG demonstrate excellent synergistic therapeutic effects, characterized by enhanced ROS-responsive drug release and injured cardiac tissue-selected delivery. In vitro and in vivo studies confirmed the efficacy of PPFE NPs in neutralizing ROS, restoring mitochondrial homeostasis, and inhibiting apoptosis following I/R injury. Mechanistically, cardioprotection was mediated through the regulation of DJ-1 (PARK7) and its downstream pathways—Nrf2/ARE antioxidant signaling and ASK1/p38/JNK apoptotic regulation. Importantly, this study is the first to utilize native PB NPs as an EGCG carrier, exploiting their ROS scavenging ability and boronate ester bonds to improve EGCG loading efficiency and targeted delivery. Furthermore, we innovatively found that the combination of EGCG and DJ-1 may represent a key mechanism underlying the protective effects of EGCG against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). This work pioneers a ROS-responsive Prussian blue (PB) nanoplatform with superior synergistic efficacy. The study establishes PPFE NPs as a biocompatible nano-platform for myocardial I/R injury and provides a translatable strategy to optimize the clinical application of EGCG.
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PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2026
·
IF 10.4
Qian Zhou,Ran Feng,Chen-Chen Wang,Si-Jie Wu,Qiu-Ya Ji,Ran Meng,Bao Zhang
Nanoparticles are successfully constructed by a green H₂O₂ oxidation strategy. • Formation entails EGCG oxidation, Mannich cross-linking and H-bonding/π-π stacking. • Nanoparticles show excellent antioxidant activity and enhanced stability. • The greater the number of hydroxyl groups, the stronger the interaction force. This study developed a green, carrier-free EGCG-flavonoid nanoparticle assembly strategy driven by H₂O₂. This approach overcomes the drawbacks of traditional formaldehyde-induced methods, including solvent toxicity and poor biocompatibility. It further investigated how the number of flavonoid hydroxyl groups regulates the assembly process and properties of EGCG-flavonoid nanoparticles. The formation involves H₂O₂-mediated oxidation of EGCG hydroxyl groups to generate aldehyde and carboxyl groups, which then undergo covalent bonding with the amino group of glycine. Flavonoids are embedded into the EGCG–glycine network through noncovalent interactions, resulting in spherical nanoparticles (200–260 nm, PDI ≈ 0.3). Increasing hydroxyl groups on flavonoids enhanced their loading capacity and interaction with EGCG. Nanoparticles with polyhydroxylated flavonoids exhibited strong antioxidant activity (>85% DPPH•/ABTS• + scavenging), high storage stability (>70% retention after 60 days), and improved thermal stability. This work provides a theoretical foundation for green synthesis of polyphenol-flavonoid nanosystems in functional foods and targeted delivery. Download: Download high-res image (114KB) Download: Download full-size image
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PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
·
2026
·
IF 13.8
Zihao Chen,Muyao Luo,Taotao Dai,Min Fu,Zhaoying Li,Qin Geng,Jun Chen,Ti Li,Risi Wang
To overcome the functional limitations of plant proteins, oat protein (OP) was first complexed with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and then further assembled with sugar beet pectin (SBP) to obtain a ternary complex. The interaction mechanisms and functional properties of the resulting ternary complex were systematically characterized across varying mass ratios. Turbidity analysis confirmed ternary complex formation. Particle size characterization revealed minimal variation at low SBP ratios (OP-EGCG: SBP = 4:1 to 2:1), while a significant increase from 170 to 210 nm occurred at the 1:1 ratio, with scanning electron microscopy further confirming SBP-induced particle aggregation at this high ratio. FTIR spectroscopy revealed hydrogen bonding and suggested hydrophobic interactions. ITC further confirmed the dominant role of hydrogen bonds in the complexes. The hydrogen-bonded non-covalent interaction patterns between the ternary complexes were further visualized through molecular docking. SBP reduced interfacial tension to a minimum value of 6.49 mN/m at a 2:1 ratio, leading to improved emulsification activity and stability. Conversely, excess SBP (1:1 ratio) increased interfacial tension and compromised emulsification performance. Short-term storage (7 days) confirmed SBP's sustained protection of antioxidant capacity. Collectively, this study elucidated interaction mechanisms between SBP and protein-flavonoid complexes, providing mechanistic insights for functional food applications.
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高影响因子
Animals
·
2026
·Vol. 16
·期 6
·966
·
IF 3.2
Liting Xu,Caiwei Luo,Xuyang Gao,Jianmin Yuan,Bin Fu
Simple SummaryTo meet the rapidly growing global demand for poultry products, broiler breeding generally pursues rapid growth, high feed conversion rate, and high breast meat yield, which also make it more vulnerable to oxidative stress. Although (−)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) is considered a potential functional antioxidant additive, its strong bitterness and poor palatability limit its practical application. Due to the current limitations in the synthesis yield, this study employed a diquat-induced mouse model to evaluate the protective effects of chemically synthesized EGCG derivatives against oxidative stress and to explore their underlying mechanisms. The results demonstrated that these derivatives, particularly epigallocatechin ibuprofen ester, significantly alleviated growth retardation and mitigated oxidative damage in the liver and intestine. Their protective effects, which include improved intestinal barrier function and enhanced systemic antioxidant capacity, were partially mediated by activating a key antioxidant defense pathway in cells—the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) signaling pathway. Compared with EGCG, these derivatives exhibited reduced bitterness and improved palatability, which helped maintain normal feed intake. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the use of EGCG derivatives as effective, low-bitterness antioxidant feed additives in broiler production.(−)-Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) is a potent natural antioxidant, but its strong bitterness and poor palatability limit its application in animal production. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of chemically synthesized EGCG derivatives against oxidative stress using a diquat-induced mouse model. A total of 36 male ICR mice were randomly assigned into six groups (n = 6): Control (T0), Diquat (T1), EGCG + Diquat (T2), Epigallocatechin octanoate (EGCO) + Diquat (T3), Epigallocatechinp-chloromethylbenzoate (EGCP) + Diquat (T4), and Epigallocatechin ibuprofen ester (EGCI) + Diquat (T5). Oxidative stress was induced by intraperitoneal injection of diquat at day 27 of the experiment, while EGCG or its derivatives were administered via dietary supplementation. At day 28, the mice were weighed, killed, and the tissues were sampled. Diquat challenge significantly impaired growth, increased serum injury markers (ALT, AST, DAO, and D-LA) (p< 0.05), suppressed hepatic and jejunal antioxidant enzymes (GPx, SOD, and TAOC) while elevating MDA (p< 0.05), damaged jejunal morphology (villus atrophy) (p< 0.05), and downregulated tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and Occludin) (p< 0.05). Chemically synthesized EGCG derivatives, especially EGCI, effectively alleviated diquat-induced growth impairment and hepatic and intestinal oxidative damage by improving intestinal barrier function and enhancing systemic antioxidant capacity, possibly in part through activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) signaling pathway. Compared with EGCG, EGCI exhibited reduced bitterness and improved palatability, which favored normal feed intake. These findings provide strong theoretical support for the future application of EGCG derivatives, especially EGCI, as functional antioxidant additives in broiler production.
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高影响因子
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
·
2026
·
IF 8.8
Yang Cao,Yile Zhao,Zhixin Li,Di Wu,Chen Chen,Aili Jiang,Xiangzheng Yang,Da Wang,Xian Li,Kunsong Chen
A bio-based antibacterial film was fabricated by combining EGCG with DKGM and CCNF. • EGCG exhibited good antibacterial activity when acting on fresh-cut fruit flesh. • EGCG interacted with the film via H-bond, thereby increasing its structural ordering. • The incorporation of EGCG also enhanced the thermal stability of the DKGM/CCNF films. • The films inhibited >80% S. aureus after being covered on fresh-cut apples for 1 h. Fresh-cut fruits are susceptible to microbial contamination that leads to quality deterioration. In short-term distribution scenarios oriented toward consumers, there is a need for active packaging materials that are contact-safe and capable of exerting rapid antibacterial effects. The present study incorporated epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) into a deacetylated konjac glucomannan/carboxylated cellulose nanofibers (DKGM/CCNF) matrix to prepare bio-based antibacterial films loaded with low and high EGCG concentrations (LEG-DKGM/CCNF and HEG-DKGM/CCNF). The effects of EGCG incorporation on the structure, mechanical properties, and barrier performance of the composite films were systematically studied, and the films were applied to fresh-cut fruits. Results indicated that EGCG formed hydrogen bond interactions with the DKGM/CCNF network and altered the film's microstructure, enhancing thermal stability while reducing the tensile strength and elongation at break of the composite films. In vitro antibacterial tests demonstrated that EGCG-loaded composite films inhibited foodborne pathogens associated with fresh-cut produce contamination, including Staphylococcus aureus , Listeria monocytogenes , and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli , with more pronounced inhibition against S. aureus . Further using S. aureus -inoculated fresh-cut apple as a model, after short-term (1 h ) coverage with the films, LEG-DKGM/CCNF and HEG-DKGM/CCNF films achieved an inhibition rate of over 80% against S. aureus . In addition, fresh-cut apple storage tests showed that EGCG-loaded films reduced browning index and helped maintain the appearance and firmness of fresh-cut apples during storage. Overall, the EGCG-functionalized DKGM/CCNF films provide a feasible solution for developing bio-based antibacterial packaging with rapid antibacterial and preservation functions for fresh-cut fruits. Download: Download high-res image (139KB) Download: Download full-size image
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高影响因子
FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 9.8
Fang Fang,Zijing Tian,Zhaoyizhu Guan,Yongjian Cai,Lihua Huang
This study developed high-performance emulsion gels stabilized by cellulose nanofiber/epigallocatechin gallate (CNF/EGCG) complexes and investigated the effects of pH and NaCl concentration on their properties. Emulsion gels were prepared via one-step high-speed shearing. Results showed that lowering pH or increasing NaCl concentration decreased electrostatic repulsion, leading to particle aggregation and reduced droplet sizes. Rheological analysis revealed that emulsion gels prepared at lower pH or with 900–1500 mM NaCl exhibited higher apparent viscosity and viscoelastic moduli. These structural enhancements resulted in improved centrifugal and freeze–thaw stability. Additionally, all gels demonstrated excellent thermal and storage stability over 30 days. Overall, the findings indicate that acidic conditions and salt addition effectively tune the interfacial and bulk properties of CNF/EGCG-stabilized emulsion gels by strengthening the gel network. This work provides insights into the design of cellulose/polyphenol-based emulsion systems for applications in food and related industries.
研究领域:
食品科学
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胶体与界面科学
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高分子科学
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材料科学
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高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Qian Luo,Jiao Zhang,Samira Batur,Chuansheng Fu,Wei Chen,Qi Xie,Conglian Yang,Zhiping Zhang
Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss, causing serious physical and mental distress to patients. The key factors contributing to AGA include oxidative stress and insufficient vascularization in the microenvironment around hair follicles. Currently, the available treatment options are limited, and there is no comprehensive treatment strategy with minimal side effects and optimal efficacy. Herein, we developed a novel minoxidil and epigallocatechin gallate co-loaded ionic liquids drug delivery system (ME@CGIL), which was simple to prepare and could effectively regulate hair follicle microenvironment homeostasis. After topical application, the ionic liquids, which had a certain function of promoting hair regrowth, facilitated drugs delivery into the epidermis and dermis while prolonging their retention time, so as to reduce the frequency and dosage requirements. ME@CGIL promoted hair regrowth by activating hair follicle stem cells, scavenging excessive reactive oxygen species and promoting neovascularization in the AGA mouse model, showing superior efficacy than commercially available minoxidil products. Altogether, this study may provide a simple and ingenious treatment strategy for AGA, which has great potential for clinical application.
研究领域:
药学
·
皮肤病学
·
生物医学工程
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高影响因子
Biomaterials Advances
·
2026
·
IF 6.7
Yahui Xie,Yun Liu,Haibo Zhao,Xuemin Kang,Haiteng Tao,Bin Yu,Bo Cui
Surgical suture techniques are commonly used for hemostasis and wound closure, but they often fail to achieve optimal results, particularly in post-laceration hemostasis and healing. Furthermore, complications such as bacterial infections, oxidative stress, and inflammation often worsen the initial wound, leading to secondary damage. In this study, a novel tissue adhesive was developed by integrating a natural epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and zirconium ion (Zr) chelate complex (EGCG-Zr) into a gelatin/starch hydrogel (GDSH). The resulting multifunctional tissue adhesive (EGCG-Zr@GDSH) exhibits excellent injectability, superior adhesion strength compared with commercial protein fiber-based tissue adhesives, and cytocompatibility. The hydrogel enables the sustained release of EGCG and Zr, providing effective antibacterial effects. In vivo histological analysis of an incision wound model revealed that EGCG-Zr@GDSH promotes angiogenesis and collagen deposition, scavenges reactive oxygen species, restores intracellular redox balance, and mitigates oxidative stress-induced cellular damage. Moreover, it regulates M1 macrophage polarization, thereby reducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and alleviating inflammation. This hydrogel possesses antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties, indicating its application potential as a tissue adhesive and highlighting the importance of immune regulation in tissue repair and regeneration.
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PubMed
高影响因子
Regenerative Biomaterials
·
2026
·
IF 8.7
Du Yunzheng,Liu Zhuang,Chai Yamin,Wang Biao,Wang Lichun,Wang Zimeng,Guo Xiaofang,Zhou Guanlun,Yang Jingxuan,Zhu Chunling,Yang Leilei,Lv Xinyao,Ou Lailiang
Hemoperfusion has emerged as a crucial treatment for liver failure in clinics. However, the challenge remains in the incapacity to effectively and concurrently eliminate multiple harmful toxins, including inflammatory cytokines and bilirubin. This study employed molecular docking for directing the design of adsorbents. To develop a multi-target adsorbent material for liver failure, capable of absorbing both bilirubin and TNF-α, a functional platform was constructed. This platform employs a TiO2-modified polystyrene-based microsphere PSVT, which was designed for bilirubin adsorption, and coated with polydopamine and grafted with EGCG for TNF-α adsorption. The results confirm that EGCG possesses a high binding affinity for TNF-α, and the introduction of EGCG as a functional moiety markedly improves the clearance effectiveness of TNF-α. Meanwhile, PSVT served as the foundation to guarantee the effective removal of bilirubin. PSVT/P/EGCG exhibits outstanding clearance performance, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 263 ng/g for TNF-α and 23.91 mg/g for bilirubin, demonstrating its high efficiency in removing both inflammatory mediators and toxins. EGCG contributes exceptional antioxidant capabilities to PSVT/P/EGCG. The adsorbent exhibits remarkable biocompatibility and stability. The multi-target adsorbent material developed in this study has an extensive spectrum of potential applications in liver failure treatment employing an artificial liver.
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PubMed
高影响因子
Materials Today Bio
·
2024
·
IF 8.7
Min Wang,Aoling Yu,Wen Han,Jingyi Chen,Chunhua Lu,Xiankun Tu
Ferroptosis, a newly discovered form of regulated cell death, has garnered significant attention in the field of tumor therapy. However, the presence of overexpressed glutathione (GSH) and insufficient levels of H 2 O 2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) hinders the occurrence of ferroptosis. In response to these challenges, here we have constructed the self-assembled nanocomplexes (FeE NPs) utilizing epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) from green tea polyphenols and metal ions (Fe 3+ ) as components. After grafting PEG, the nanocomplexes (FeE@PEG NPs) exhibit good biocompatibility and synergistically enhanced tumor-inhibitory properties. FeE@PEG NPs can be disassembled by H 2 O 2 in the TME, leading to the rapid release of Fe 3+ and EGCG. The released Fe 3+ produces large amounts of toxic •OH by the Fenton reactions while having minimal impact on normal cells. The generated •OH effectively induces lipid peroxidation, which leads to ferroptosis in tumor cells. Meanwhile, the released EGCG can autoxidize to produce H 2 O 2 , which further promotes the production of •OH radicals and increases lipid peroxide levels. Moreover, EGCG also depletes the high levels of intracellular GSH, leading to an intracellular redox imbalance and triggering ferroptosis. This study provides new insights into advancing anticancer ferroptosis through rational material design, offering promising avenues for future research.
研究领域:
肿瘤学
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药理学
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纳米医学
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PubMed
高影响因子
Gels
·
2025
·Vol. 11
·期 5
·370
·
IF 5.3
Fangyi Liu,Gaoyang Li,Zhenhui An,Sijia Wang,Shouhong Xu,Honglai Liu
Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation play pivotal roles in causing impaired tissue regeneration and delaying wound healing processes. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) demonstrates robust anti-inflammatory and antioxidant characteristics, thereby emerging as a highly promising therapeutic substance for tissue repair applications. In order to counteract the pathological characteristics of the wound microenvironment, including increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), low pH (weak acidic conditions), and elevated glucose concentrations, a hydrogel with pH/ROS/glucose-responsive properties was fabricated. This hydrogel was modified with phenylboronic acid (PBA) groups, which not only enhance its mechanical strength but also endow it with multi-stimuli responsiveness via dynamic boronate ester bonds. The impacts of grafting of PBA and loading of EGCG on the rheological and mechanical properties, as well as the network structure of the hydrogels, were systematically investigated. Moreover, in vitro experiments showed that the hydrogel could achieve excellent sustained and controlled release of both small-molecule and macromolecular drugs. Additionally, cell viability tests verified the hydrogel’s outstanding biocompatibility, and antioxidant experiments demonstrated its efficient ability to scavenge intracellular ROS. In conclusion, this injectable and biodegradable hydrogel possesses multi-stimuli responsiveness, controllable drug release behavior, and antioxidant capacity, presenting a promising approach to alleviate oxidative damage and promote tissue repair. This study offers valuable perspectives for the design of advanced hydrogel materials aimed at treating wound healing.
研究领域:
生物材料学
·
药剂学
·
组织工程学
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PubMed
高影响因子
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