COLLOID AND POLYMER SCIENCE
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2020
·Vol. 299
·期 4
·663-674
·
IF 1.536
Xia Yunfei,Xu Xiuhang,Yu Haihua,Zhou Chuan,Nie Zhenzhou,Yang Jianfeng,Qian Jiajia,Ni Henmei
Zwitterionic microspheres of poly2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (PDMAEMA) block polymethacrylic acid (MAA) were prepared by RAFT dispersion polymerization in alcohols. 4-Cyano-4-(phenylcarbonothioylthio) pentanoic acid (CPDB) was used as the RAFT agent. 2,2′-Azobis(2,4-dimethyl) valeronitrile (V65) was used as the initiator, and PDMAEMA-CPDB was used as the macro-chain transfer agent (CTA). 1 HNMR was applied to determine the polymerization degrees of both PDMAEMA-CTA and PDMAEMA-b-PMAA. SEM, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAX) were employed to characterize the microspheres. It was observed that the polarity of alcohols impacted the partition of MAA and V65 between the mini-droplets of PDMAEMA-CTA/MAA complexes and the continuous phase, thereby affected on the diameters of microspheres, the total conversion of MAA, and the polymerization degree of PMAA in the copolymers. For example, in methanol, the smallest diameter and polymerization degree of PMAA in the block copolymers were obtained, whereas the total conversion of MAA of the RAFT polymerization system was the highest. Most of RAFT polymerization of MAA occurred nearby PDMAEMA-CTA chains; thus, PDMAEMA-CTA acted as a template to regulate the length of PMAA in the copolymers. pH-sensitive characteristics of microspheres were dependent to the extra length of PDMAEMA-CTA, i.e., the difference of lengths between two blocks. When the length of PMAA was too short, e.g., PDMAEMA 600 -b-PMAA 87 , or the length of PMAA was closed to that of PDMAEMA, e.g., PDMAEMA 79 -b-PMAA 93 and PDMAEMA 102 -b-PMAA 131 , the amphoteric characteristics of microspheres disappeared. The self-assembly behavior of diblock copolymers in KCl alcohol-water solution was also determined by the extra length of PDMAEMA. Microspheres turned into nanofibers or nano-ribbons, but for PDMAEMA 600 -b-PMAA 87 , the microspheres maintained their original spheric morphology. These results indicated that the charge-screening effects of salts played the key roles in the self-assembly.
Graphical abstract
研究领域:
高分子化学
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材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
·
2022
·Vol. 331
·期 12
·5641-5648
·
IF 1.754
Smolenski Valeri,Novoselova Alena,Yan Yongde,Xue Yun,Ma Fuqiu
The equilibrium potentials of Me(III)/Me (Me = Dy, U) couples and the double Me–Ga, Me–Cd alloys vs. Cl − /Cl 2 reference electrode were measured at the temperature range 673–973 K in molten LiCl–KCl–CsCl eutectic by open-circuit potentiometry. The apparent standard potential and the base thermodynamic properties of alloys were determined. Separation factor for Dy/U couple was calculated on gallium and cadmium electrodes. In addition, it was found that the application of gallium electrodes has a significant advantage over cadmium electrodes in the process of electrochemical separation of uranium and dysprosium.
研究领域:
材料科学
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核能工程
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电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
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2024
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IF 6.3
Dongmei Han,Xibo He,Yicheng Hou,Boxi Geng,Hao Zhang,Bachirou Guene Lougou,Yong Shuai
While thermal energy storage (TES) systems are becoming crucial to the stable operation of solar power plants, molten salt packed bed thermal energy storage (PBTES) systems attracted widespread attention due to their wide operating temperature range and low cost. However, achieving high-efficiency thermal storage systems is still a datum challenge to meet the higher energy demand, as well as sustainable development and utilization of renewable energy systems. This study developed spherical capsules employing nanocomposite salts (MgCl 2 –KCl–NaCl/Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles) as composite phase change materials to experimentally study the heat storage process of a high-temperature PBTES prototype experimental system. Also, the heat storage performance of the PBTES system under different operating conditions is further investigated. The results showed that the nanocomposite salt gradually melted along the flow direction of the heat transfer fluid by exhibiting three-stage characteristics including solid phase sensible heat, phase change latent heat, and liquid phase sensible heat. Also, the temperature difference inside and outside the capsules showed the characteristics of peak-trough-peak. The PBTES system reached a heat storage density of 1290.51 MJ m −3 at a thermal efficiency of 86.95 %. The average heat storage rate increased by 49.55 % and the heat storage time was shortened by 29.67 % when the blower speed was increased from 800 r·min −1 to 1200 r·min −1 . The experimental results implied that the PBTES system encapsulating nanocomposite salts has excellent thermal performance. This study demonstrated solving the problems of insufficient thermal energy supply in time or space and improving energy utilization could result in a high-efficiency thermal storage system.
研究领域:
能源工程
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
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2024
·Vol. 14
·期 30
·21786-21798
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IF 3.9
Irfan Ijaz,Aysha Bukhari,Ezaz Gilani,Ammara Nazir,Hina Zain,Attia Shaheen,Mohammed Rafi Shaik,Mohamed E. Assal,Mujeeb Khan
Developing a hydrogel with switchable features and freeze tolerance is remarkably significant for designing flexible electronics to adjust various application needs. Herein, MXenes, AFPs (antifreeze proteins), and potassium chloride (KCl) were introduced to a polyacrylamide (PAM) polymer network to design an anti-freezing hydrogel. The ionic hydrogels are characterized by excellent ionic conductivity, presenting adjustable properties of remarkable mechanical strength and self-adhesion to meet individualized application demands. The capability of KCl and AFPs to inhibit ice crystals gives hydrogels with anti-icing properties under a low-temperature atmosphere. The PAM/MXene15/AFP30/KCl15 hydrogel demonstrated negligible hysteresis behavior, quick electromechanical response (0.10 s), and excellent sensitivity (gauge factor (GF) = 13.1 within the strain range of 1200–2000%). The resulting hydrogel could be immobilized on the animal or human skin to detect different body movements and physiological motions, offering reproducibility and precise accuracy as primary advantages. The approach of developing materials with tunable features, along with inorganic salt and the fish-inspired freeze-tolerance method, offers a new prospect for wearable gadgets.
研究领域:
材料科学
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生物医学工程
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柔性电子学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2022
·
IF 16.744
Wenlong Zhang,Chenzheng Liao,Xiaohui Ning
Based on the high safety and low costs, molten salt batteries (Na-S battery, liquid metal battery, ZEBRA battery, etc.) have received more and more attention as large-scale electrical storage technology. However, the high operating temperature of molten salt batteries is still one of the roadblocks that impeded their practical application. Here we present the novel Ni-graphite molten salt battery based on outstanding electrochemical reversibility of the Ni/NiCl 2 redox and intercalation/de-intercalation chemistry of chloroaluminate anions in graphite. By using the low-cost, quaternary inorganic molten salt AlCl 3 /KCl/NaCl/LiCl as electrolyte, the as-designed Ni-graphite battery possesses low operating temperature of 95 °C, and average voltage about 1.7 V. The Ni-graphite battery delivers stable specific capacity of 174 mAh/g at 500 mA/g after 120 cycles, with the capacity retention rate of 98%. In addition, the Ni-graphite battery also shows low material costs about 113.6 $/kWh and high electrode energy density of 289 Wh/kg. This work develops an advanced molten salt battery with low operating temperature and high energy density, as well as provides an alternative means of developing future large-scale power storage equipment based on molten salt batteries.
研究领域:
储能技术
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电化学
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2020
·
IF 6.215
Da-Wei Yang,Ya-Lan Liu,Tai-Qi Yin,Shi-Lin Jiang,Yu-Ke Zhong,Lin Wang,Mei Li,Zhi-Fang Chai,Wei-Qun Shi
To study the application perspectives of binary Ga–Al alloy electrodes in pyroprocessing, the utilization of Ga–Al alloy electrode for the separation of U from Ce was studied in this work. Specifically, the reduction behaviors of U (III) on Ga, Al and Ga–Al alloy electrodes was first explored in LiCl–KCl eutectic at 773 K. The cathode peak potential of U (III) at the Ga–Al alloy electrode was 0.44 V (vs. Li/Li 3 Bi), and less affected by the Ga/Al ratio. Moreover, potentiostatic electrolysis at 0.55 V (vs. Li/Li 3 Bi) was conducted on the Ga–Al alloy electrode for 4 h to separate U from Ce. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated the co-existence of Al 3 U and Ga 3 U with an identical crystal structure in the deposits. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) illustrated a good diffusion of U metal in Ga–Al alloy electrodes. Inductive coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) determinations exhibited an excellent separation performance of the Ga–Al alloy electrode.
研究领域:
核工程
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材料科学
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电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
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2022
·
IF 5.532
Zetan Liu,Jingkun Xu,Xiaoqing Xi,Weijia Luo,Ji Zhou
Since the synthesis of non-oxidized ceramic and alloy powders requires both high temperature and oxygen insulation conditions, here we demonstrate a cost-efficient molten salt sealing/shielded synthesis method with dynamic gas tightness. Compared to conventional synthesis method, it can prevent the loss of reaction materials at high temperature, cut off the connection between reacting material and outside air, and does not require long-time ball milling mixing treatment or provision of applied pressing before or during heating. Only low-cost salts (e.g., NaCl, KCl), a few minutes of raw material mixing, and regular heating molds are required to obtain high-purity (>96 wt%), micron-sized Ti 3 AlC 2 and Ti 3 SiC 2 powders with narrow size distribution, which significantly decreased the complexity and production costs in the synthesis process. The effect of temperature and raw material content on the products were investigated. The mechanism of diffusion reaction between reactants in molten salt environment was analyzed. The new method developed here was also applicable to Ti 2 AlC, V 2 AlC and Cr 2 AlC MAX phases, as well as provided new ideas for the preparation of other MXenes precursors with certain stoichiometric ratios, air-sensitive materials and nanopowders .
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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纳米技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2023
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IF 6.2
Zhaoyang Wang,Yinshan Zhang,Yanhua Shi,Zhinmin Dong,Yuanping Jiang,Qian Liu,Zifan Li,Yuhui Liu,Xiaohong Cao,Yingcai Wang,Zhibin Zhang,Yunhai Liu
The main purpose of this paper is to study the extraction and separation of key fragment elements based on the electrolytic refining process of spent fuel dry reprocessing. Firstly, the electrochemical mechanisms of Er(III) and Yb(III) in LiCl-KCl molten salts were investigated on W and In film electrodes with applied cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV) and open circuit potential (OCP) at 773 K. The results indicated that the reduction behaviour of In(III) and Yb(III) ions were a two-step transfer process and Er(III) ions was a one-step transfer process. Then, the kinetic parameters in electrochemical processes were calculated on an In electrode with different temperatures. The OCP approach was used to determine the equilibrium potential of Er(III)/Er(0) in the temperature range of 773 K∼848 K, and thermodynamic parameters of the In 3 Er alloy were provided. Based on electrochemical behaviour results, the electrochemical extraction of Er(III) and Yb(III) from LiCl-KCl-ErCl 3 molten salts and LiCl-KCl-YbCl 3 molten salts at liquid In electrodes was performed by constant potential and constant current electrolysis, respectively. The electrolysis products were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), the primary intermetallic compounds generated in the alloys were In 3 Er and In 3 Yb. The average extraction rates for Er(III) and Yb(III) were 94.70% and 96.54%, respectively, according to inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) analysis. Er(III) and Yb(III) were selectively extracted and separated from LiCl-KCl-ErCl 3 -YbCl 3 molten salts by potentiostatic control on the basis of the previously studied Lns (Er and Yb) extraction on In electrodes. The separation rate of Er(III) and Yb(III) by electrochemical selective deposition was 94.21%.
研究领域:
电化学
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材料科学
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核工程
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热力学
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动力学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
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2021
·
IF 4.539
Siqi Wang,Xiaoyu Guo,Peipei Guo,Shuang Guan,Hai Fu,Wei Cui,Yuhui Ao
Due to the limitation of mechanical properties , the applications of traditional polymer hydrogels are seriously hindered in many fields. In this study, a series of hydrogels with controllable mechanical properties were successfully prepared by immersing the thermo-initiated poly (acrylic acid-co-stearyl methacrylate) hydrogels into LiCl, NaCl and KCl aqueous solution. The structural changes and properties of the gel before and after soaking were explored carefully by XRD , IR and Raman, etc. It was found that except for forming coordination interactions with the carboxyl group of acrylic acid , these salts can also promote the formation of hydrophobic associations consisted of long alkyl chains, which significantly improves the mechanical properties of the gel. The tensile strength and fracture energy of the KCl aqueous solution treated hydrogels could reach to 2.1 MPa and 19 MJ/m 3 , respectively, which are much higher than those of original hydrogels. Furthermore, the prepared hydrogels also have pressure sensitive conductivity, which could be used to detect body movements.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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机械工程
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生物医学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2022
·
IF 9.965
Yan-Fei He,Kai Cheng,Zi-Tao Zhong,Xiao-Lin Hou,Chang-Zhi An,Wei Chen,Bo Liu,Yuan-Di Zhao
A method for simultaneous labeling and multicolor fluorescence imaging of different hepatic immune cells below freezing point is established based on quantum dots . In the experiment, carbon quantum dots with emission wavelength of 435 nm, [email protected] quantum dots at 542 nm and [email protected] quantum dots at 604 nm are synthesized respectively, it is found that when the mass fractions of KCl (as antifreeze) are 12 %, 14 %, and 12 %, respectively, the three quantum dot dispersion systems remain liquid state at −20 °C. After they are conjugated with the corresponding secondary antibodies, agarose gel electrophoresis , circular dichroism and capillary electrophoresis confirm the effectiveness of conjugation. By indirect immunofluorescence method, the above three quantum dot fluorescent probes are used to simultaneously and specifically target a variety of liver immune cells, and the multi-color simultaneous imaging of different liver immune cells is realized under the same excitation wavelength, it is found that hepatic macrophages are arranged radially in the liver, hepatic stellate cells present punctate distribution, and hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells present circular distribution, which is consistent with the results of H&E staining and ultrathin section TEM. This study provides an important technical means for elucidating the structure and function of the liver.
研究领域:
免疫学
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生物技术
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细胞生物学
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Nature Communications
·
2022
·Vol. 13
·期 1
·1-11
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IF 17.694
Zhang Zishuai,Zhu Yilong,Yu Miao,Jiao Yan,Huang Yan
Rechargeable aqueous metal||I 2 electrochemical energy storage systems are a cost-effective alternative to conventional transition-metal-based batteries for grid energy storage. However, the growth of unfavorable metallic deposition and the irreversible formation of electrochemically inactive by-products at the negative electrode during cycling hinder their development. To circumvent these drawbacks, herein we propose 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI) as negative electrode active material and a saturated mixed KCl/I 2 aqueous electrolyte solution. The use of these components allows for exploiting two sequential reversible electrochemical reactions in a single cell. Indeed, when they are tested in combination with an active carbon-enveloped I 2 electrode in a glass cell configuration, we report an initial specific discharge capacity of 900 mAh g −1 (electrode mass of iodine only) and an average cell discharge voltage of 1.25 V at 40 A g −1 and 25 \(\pm\) 1 °C. Finally, we also report the assembly and testing of a PTCDI|KCl-I 2 |carbon paper multilayer pouch cell prototype with a discharge capacity retention of about 70% after 900 cycles at 80 mA and 25 \(\pm\) 1 °C.
研究领域:
电化学
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能源存储
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电池技术
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Foods
·
2024
·Vol. 13
·期 5
·737
·
IF 4.7
Jianhao Li,Zihang Shi,Xiankang Fan,Lihui Du,Qiang Xia,Changyu Zhou,Yangying Sun,Baocai Xu,Daodong Pan
The effects of low-sodium salt mixture substitution on the sensory quality, protein oxidation, and hydrolysis of air-dried chicken and its molecular mechanisms were investigated based on tandem mass tagging (TMT) quantitative proteomics. The composite salt formulated with 1.6% KCl, 0.8% MgCl2, and 5.6% NaCl was found to improve the freshness and texture quality scores. Low-sodium salt mixture substitution significantly decreased the carbonyl content (1.52 nmol/mg), surface hydrophobicity (102.58 μg), and dimeric tyrosine content (2.69 A.U.), and significantly increased the sulfhydryl content (74.46 nmol/mg) and tryptophan fluorescence intensity, suggesting that protein oxidation was inhibited. Furthermore, low-sodium salt mixture substitution significantly increased the protein hydrolysis index (0.067), and cathepsin B and L activities (102.13 U/g and 349.25 U/g), suggesting that protein hydrolysis was facilitated. The correlation results showed that changes in the degree of protein hydrolysis and protein oxidation were closely related to sensory quality. TMT quantitative proteomics indicated that the degradation of myosin and titin as well as changes in the activities of the enzymes, CNDP2, DPP7, ABHD12B, FADH2A, and AASS, were responsible for the changes in the taste quality. In addition, CNDP2, ALDH1A1, and NMNAT1 are key enzymes that reduce protein oxidation. Overall, KCl and MgCl2composite salt substitution is an effective method for producing low-sodium air-dried chicken.
研究领域:
食品科学
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蛋白质组学
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感官评价
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生物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）