文献检索

查找使用阿拉丁产品的科研文献

检索与阿拉丁产品相关的同行评审论文、DOI、PubMed 编号、期刊、作者、CAS 号及研究领域。

科研影响力快照

与阿拉丁产品相关的已发表科研成果

在搜索之前,这些指标可帮助访客快速了解产品关联科研的规模与质量。

346,364+ SCI 论文 与阿拉丁产品引用相关
2,295,288.15 总影响因子 匹配文献记录中影响因子的总和
81.20 最高期刊影响因子 匹配期刊中的最高 IF
6.63 平均期刊影响因子 匹配文献的平均 IF

参考指标 指标基于阿拉丁文献引用数据库及期刊影响因子记录。文献关联仅供科研参考,请以原始文献为准。

热门产品

视图 列表 网格

显示第157至168个,产品总数203个

设置提升方向
MB
Biomaterials Advances · 2025 · IF 6

An injectable hydrogel for hemostasis and tumor suppression in intraoperative breast cancer

Yue Wang,Nan Jiang,Shuhan Wu,Guangshuai Lin,Wudang Lu,Bin Shang,Xulong Zhu,Wei Han,Yongmei Chen,Jianhui Li

In the period between surgery and systemic therapy for breast cancer, residual tumor cells may proliferate, leading to tumor recurrence. Additionally, intraoperative wound bleeding may cause surgical failure or the spread of tumor cells. This study introduces an innovative injectable hydrogel composed of oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHA) loaded 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and N-carboxyethyl chitosan (CEC), designed for intraoperative hemostasis and tumor suppression in intraoperative breast cancer. The CEC/OHA injectable hydrogel was synthesized through a Schiff base reaction between the aldehyde group of OHA and the amino group of CEC, incorporating 5-FU during hydrogel formation. This CEC/OHA injectable hydrogel demonstrated hemostatic effects comparable to gelatin sponges in both an in vivo rat liver hemorrhage model and an in vitro rat tail amputation model. When loaded with 5-FU, the injectable hydrogel effectively inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in vitro , significantly inhibited tumor growth and recurrence in vivo , and did not induce significant damage or inflammatory response in any major organ. This CEC/OHA & 5-FU injectable hydrogel is envisioned as a complementary therapeutic regimen during the intraoperative period in breast cancer surgery to prevent hemostasis and tumor recurrence.

CAS / MDL: 9012-76-4
研究领域: 生物医学工程 · 肿瘤学 · 药剂学 · 材料科学
✓ 已验证 产品关联 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
查看原文 查看 PubMed
ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY · 2022 · IF 3.191

Ratiometric electrochemical aptasensor for the sensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen based on a hairpin DNA probe and exonuclease I-assisted target recycling

Huikai Ma,Ping Wang,Yaoyao Xie,Jinghan Liu,Wei Feng,Sanqiang Li

A novel ratiometric electrochemical aptasensor was constructed for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) based on a hairpin DNA (hpDNA) probe and exonuclease Ⅰ (Exo Ⅰ)-assisted target recycling amplification strategy. A thiolated methylene blue (MB)-labeled hpDNA as the internal control element was fixed on the surface of the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-modified gold electrode (AuE) through Au–S bonds. A ferrocene (Fc)-modified aptamer DNA (Fc-Apt) was partially hybridized with hpDNA to form a Fc-Apt/hpDNA duplex. Due to the specific recognition of Fc-Apt to CEA, the presence of CEA caused dissociation of Fc-Apt from the duplex, and further triggered the degradation process of Exo Ⅰ and recycling of CEA. Hence, the Fc tags were released from the electrode surface and the oxidation peak current of Fc (I Fc ) decreased while that of MB (I MB ) remained stable owing to the distance between MB tags and the electrode unchanged. A linear relationship was observed between I Fc /I MB and the logarithm of CEA concentration from 10 pg mL −1 to 100 ng mL −1 with a detection limit of 1.9 pg mL −1 . Moreover, the developed aptasensor had been applied to detect CEA in diluted human serum with satisfactory results, indicating its great potential in practical applications.

研究领域: 分析化学 · 生物传感器 · 电化学 · 癌症诊断
✓ 已验证 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
查看原文 查看 PubMed
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS · 2020 · IF 10.257

Identification of dual therapeutic targets assisted by in situ automatous DNA assembly for combined therapy in breast cancer

Bing Han,Lingjun Sha,Xiaomeng Yu,Mei Yang,Ya Cao,Jing Zhao

Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease among women worldwide. Nowadays, combined therapy against several therapeutic targets is becoming a promising treatment to enhance the survival rate of the patients with some lethal subtypes, and also proposes high demand on the discrimination of the co-existing targets in breast cancer. In this work, we designed in situ automatous DNA assembly reaction and applied it for the simultaneous identification of dual therapeutic targets using electrochemical techniques . Taking triple-negative breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 as a model, chained strand displacement reactions were initiated after the capture probes recognized the surface biomarkers, epidermal growth factor receptor and intercellular adhesion molecule-1, respectively. Then, an increased electrochemical signaling was created to reveal the co-expression of the two targets using quantum dots as electrochemical labeling. Electrochemical results demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity of our method toward the identification of the coexisted therapeutic targets even in the serum samples, which also allowed to monitor the enhanced efficiency of combined therapy. Therefore, our method suggested a potential use in the accurate identification of therapeutic targets in breast cancer that might provide more information to facilitate the combined therapy in clinic.

研究领域: 肿瘤学 · 分子生物学 · 生物技术 · 电化学 · 治疗学
✓ 已验证 产品关联 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
查看原文 查看 PubMed
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · 2021 · IF 9.229

H2O2-Responsive Gold Nanoclusters @ Mesoporous Silica @ Manganese Dioxide Nanozyme for “Off/On” Modulation and Enhancement of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy

Zhibin Yin,Qian Ji,Di Wu,Ziwei Li,Minfei Fan,Hongxin Zhang,Xiaolong Zhao,Aiguo Wu,Liang Cheng,Leyong Zeng

In order to achieve safe and high-efficient photodynamic therapy (PDT), it was a powerful strategy of constructing O2-generated nanozyme with intelligent “off/on” modulation and enhancement. Herein, a kind of H2O2-responsive nanozyme was developed for off/on modulation and enhancement of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and PDT, in which great amounts of gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) were loaded into mesoporous silica to form nanoassembly, and manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanosheets were wrapped as switching shield shell (AuNCs@mSiO2@MnO2). In a neutral physiological environment, stable MnO2 shells eliminated singlet oxygen (1O2) generation to switch off PDT and MR imaging. However, in an acidic tumor microenvironment, the MnO2 shell reacted with H2O2, in which MnO2 degradation switched on MR imaging and PDT, and the generated O2 further enhanced PDT. H2O2-responsive MnO2 degradation brought about excellent MR imaging with a longitudinal relaxation rate of 25.31 mM–1 s–1, and simultaneously sufficient O2 generation guaranteed a 74% high 1O2 yield. Under the irradiation of a 635 nm laser, the viability of MDA-MB-435 cells was reduced to 4%, and the tumors completely disappeared, demonstrating strong PDT performance. Therefore, H2O2-responsive AuNCs@mSiO2@MnO2 nanozyme showed excellent off/on modulation and enhancement of MR imaging and PDT and was a promising intelligent nanoprobe for safe and high-efficiency theranostics.

研究领域: 纳米技术 · 生物医学工程 · 癌症研究 · 材料科学 · 诊疗学
✓ 已验证 产品关联 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
查看原文 查看 PubMed
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING · 2021 ·Vol. 49 ·期 3 ·847-860 · IF 9.236

RGD-functionalised melanin nanoparticles for intraoperative photoacoustic imaging-guided breast cancer surgery

Liu Jing-Jing,Wang Zun,Nie Li-Ming,Zhu Yuan-Yuan,Li Ge,Lin Lin-Ling,Chen Min,Zhang Guo-Jun

Purpose Obtaining tumour-free margins is critical for avoiding re-excision and reducing local recurrence following breast-conserving surgery; however, it remains challenging. Imaging-guided surgery provides precise detection of residual lesions and assists surgical resection. Herein, we described water-soluble melanin nanoparticles (MNPs) conjugated with cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp (cRGD) peptides for breast cancer photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and surgical navigation. Methods The cRGD-MNPs were synthesised and characterized for morphology, photoacoustic characteristics and stability. Tumour targeting and toxicity of cRGD-MNPs were determined by using either breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 tumour-bearing mice or the FVB/N-Tg (MMTV-PyVT) 634Mul/J mice model. PAI was used to locate the tumour and guide surgical resection in MDA-MB-231 tumour-bearing mice. Results The cRGD-MNPs exhibited excellent in vitro and in vivo tumour targeting with low toxicity. Intravenous administration of cRGD-MNPs to MDA-MB-231 tumour-bearing mice showed an approximately 2.1-fold enhancement in photoacoustic (PA) intensity at 2 h, and the ratio of the PA intensity at the tumour site to that in the surrounding normal tissue was 3.2 ± 0.1, which was higher than that using MNPs (1.7 ± 0.3). Similarly, the PA signal in the spontaneous breast cancer increased ~ 2.5-fold at 2 h post-injection of cRGD-MNPs in MMTV-PyVT transgenic mice. Preoperative PAI assessed tumour volume and offered three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction images for accurate surgical planning. Surgical resection following real-time PAI showed high consistency with histopathological analysis. Conclusion These results highlight that cRGD-MNP-mediated PAI provide a powerful tool for breast cancer imaging and precise tumour resection. cRGD-MNPs with fine PA properties have great potential for clinical translation.

研究领域: 医学影像 · 癌症手术 · 纳米技术 · 生物医学工程
✓ 已验证 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
查看原文 查看 PubMed
ACS Applied Nano Materials · 2023 · IF 5.9

NaErF4-Based Nanocarrier for Enhanced Ferroptosis Therapy of Cancer

Jin-Yang Liu,Na Liu,Yue Wu,Xiao-Min Ning,Wen-Chao Zhang,Jing Qian

To improve the treatment efficiency of ferroptosis and accurately monitor the therapy process, we developed small-sized upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) by a simple one-step solvothermal method. On this basis, a facile strategy is reported to construct mesoporous SiO2-coated UCNPs as the nanocarrier to load dual drugs of MnO2 and methylene blue (MB) photosensitizer for hypoxic tumor theranostic. Due to the components of high charge elements, the synthetic NaErF4:Yb,Gd,Eu@mSiO2/MnO2/MB@FA (UPSMF/MB, FA = folic acid) exhibited radiosensitization function. Emitting strong red upconversion luminescence (UCL) excited the encapsulated MB to initiate photodynamic therapy (PDT). In addition, UPSMF/MB released green UCL imaging in vivo, so as to trace drug distribution and achieve accurate theranostic. In tumor microenvironment, the loaded MnO2 possessed catalase-like (CAT) catalytic activity, which could effectively decompose excessive H2O2 into O2, thus alleviating hypoxia in the tumor area and promoting PDT and radiotherapy (RT) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, MnO2 had excellent glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-like activity, which could effectively decompose intracellular over-expressed glutathione (GSH), thus causing lipid peroxide (LPO) accumulation and inducing ferroptosis. In situ ROS generation by PDT and RT further promoted the accumulation of intracellular LPO. Cytotoxicity assay revealed that the apoptosis rate of UPSMF/MB promoted by RT and PDT was 79.76%, which was 46% higher than that of solo ferroptosis induced by UPSMF. Notably, in vivo results illustrated that the tumor inhibition rate of UPSMF/MB could be increased to 83.4% under the triple effects of RT, PDT, and ferroptosis with negligible side effects to normal tissues. This work paves a way to enhance the efficacy of ferroptosis-based cancer therapy by associating PDT with RT.

研究领域: 癌症研究 · 纳米技术 · 诊疗一体化 · 生物医学工程 · 材料科学
✓ 已验证 产品关联 DOI 高影响因子
查看原文 查看 PubMed
RSC Advances · 2023 ·Vol. 13 ·期 6 ·3459-3467 · IF 3.9

Liposomes loaded with dual clinical photosensitizers for enhanced photodynamic therapy of cervical cancer

Gulinigaer Alimu,Ting Yan,Lijun Zhu,Zhong Du,Rong Ma,Huimin Fan,Shuang Chen,Nuernisha Alifu,Xueliang Zhang

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become a potential anti-cancer strategy owing to its negligible invasiveness, low toxicity, and high selectivity. The photosensitizer (PS) plays an indispensable role in PDT. Herein, a novel type of PS (Ce6-MB@Lips) which can be excited by a near-infrared (NIR) laser was designed and synthesized. Methylene blue (MB) and Chlorin e6 (Ce6), two organic dyes approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), were used to prepare Ce6-MB@Lips by thin-film dispersion method, which improve the water solubility of Ce6 and reduce the cytotoxicity of MB. The Ce6-MB@Lips were shown to have a spherical nanostructure with an average particle size of 160.3 nm and excellent water solubility. Then the optical properties of Ce6-MB@Lips were further studied. Ce6-MB@Lips showed absorption peaks at 413 nm/670 nm and fluorescence peak at 697 nm. Compared with Ce6@Lips and MB@Lips, Ce6-MB@Lips showed better stability, stronger fluorescence intensity, and higher singlet oxygen (1O2) generation ability. Cell experimental analysis exhibited that the stable Ce6-MB@Lips showed low cytotoxicity, high phototoxicity and high reactive oxygen species (ROS) production capacity. After effective cell internalization, the prepared Ce6-MB@Lips showed excellent ability to promote tumor cell apoptosis in vitro. The Ce6-MB@Lips could be a promising candidate for PDT of cervical cancer.

CAS / MDL: 7220-79-3 61-73-4
研究领域: 肿瘤学 · 药学 · 生物医学工程
✓ 已验证 产品关联 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
查看原文 查看 PubMed
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA · 2021 · IF 6.558

A novel miniaturized homogeneous label-free electrochemical biosensing platform combining integrated microelectrode and functional nucleic acids

Fangming Chen,Xingchuang Fu,Yao Meng,Mingrui Jiang,Jian Wang,Ying-Lin Zhou,De-Wen Zhang

A miniaturized platform combining integrated microelectrode (IME) and functional nucleic acids was developed for homogeneous label-free electrochemical biosensing. IME was constructed with a carbon fiber microelectrode and a platinum wire in a θ type glass tube as a two-electrode system for electrochemical monitoring at microliter level. A newly reported G-triplex/methylene blue (G3/MB) complex was used as the signal generator in the homogeneous label-free electrochemical biosensor . G3 has strong affinity with MB and it can cause significant decrease of the diffusion current of MB after binding. Melamine was chosen as the model target. Since melamine can interact with nucleobase thymine (T) to form T-melamine-T structure through complementary hydrogen bonds , a single-strand functional DNA hairpin structure with poly T and G3 elaborately blocked via base pairing was designed. The presence of melamine can trigger the conformation switching of the DNA hairpin to release the G3. The released G3 combined with MB could therefore change the diffusion current, leading to a simple and rapid detection of melamine. The combination of functional DNA hairpin as target recognition element, G3/MB as signal generator, and IME as transducer provided a “Mix and Measure” miniaturized platform for the construction of homogeneous label-free electrochemical biosensors.

研究领域: 电化学 · 生物传感器 · 分析化学 · 核酸化学
✓ 已验证 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
查看原文 查看 PubMed
APPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY · 2019 ·Vol. 33 ·期 10 ·e5120 · IF 3.259

Studies of proteasome inhibition and apoptosis induction in triple-negative breast cancer cells by novel amino acid–polypyridine–copper complex

Dongdong Li,Luyao Wang,Ernesto Yagüe,Linlin Dai,Xiumei Zhao,Zibo Yang,Shuang Zhi,Yunhui Hu

An innovative ternary copper(II) complex, [Cu(Cl-PIP)(Tyr)Cl] n , has been synthesized and characterized using infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. X-ray crystallography indicates that the Cu atom is five-coordinated in a square-pyramidal configuration. The unit forms a one-dimensional chain along the crystallographic c -axis. The complex was screened for cytotoxicity against a panel of eight human cancer cell lines, namely MDA-MB-231, CAL-51, K562, HeLa, SGC-7901, A549, MCF-7 and SMMC-7721. The best anticancer activity was obtained with triple-negative breast cancer CAL-51 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, with IC 50 values in the range 0.035–0.10 μM, and this was better than using carboplatin. The complex inhibits proteasomal chymotrypsin-like activity, and docking studies reveal its interaction with 20S proteasome. In addition, the complex causes accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, induces apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation, indicating its great potential as a novel therapy for triple-negative breast cancer.

CAS / MDL: 104-88-1
研究领域: 癌症研究 · 化学 · 药理学 · 分子生物学 · 细胞生物学
✓ 已验证 产品关联 DOI 高影响因子
查看原文 查看 PubMed
ACS Applied Nano Materials · 2021 · IF 5.097

Ag Nanorods for Label-Free Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Analysis of Cancer Cells from Cell Lysates

Siying Liu,Hai-Sheng Su,Zhengxia Yang,Yun Zhang

The identification of cancer cells and tumors significantly advances the accurate diagnosis of cancer and improves the patient survivor rates. However, it remains challenging to achieve the rapid and label-free differentiation of cancer cells from their normal counterparts. Herein, we developed a rapid and effective method for the synthesis of Ag nanorods (NRs) with high uniformity and yield. The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates demonstrated uniformity and reliability, with a low relative standard deviation (RSD) of 10% and an enhancement factor (EF) of 3.32 × 105. The optimized AgNR SERS substrates were then applied in the quantitative analysis of creatinine and furthermore the bioanalysis of cell lysates for cell classification. Specifically, a high sensitivity with a low detection limit (LOD) of 5.3 μM and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 17.68 μM was achieved for the detection of creatinine. More importantly, label-free SERS analysis showed the distinct spectral features of the cell lysates for normal breast cell strains (MCF-10A) and breast cancer cell strains (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231). Statistical analysis, such as t-test, principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) aided in the clear discrimination between the normal and cancer groups and further in differentiating the two cancer groups. These results demonstrate the great potential of the combination of a high-quality AgNR SERS substrate and statistical analysis for the identification of cancers.

CAS / MDL: 50-81-7 60-27-5
研究领域: 纳米技术 · 癌症诊断 · 生物医学工程 · 分析化学 · 生物信息学
✓ 已验证 产品关联 DOI 高影响因子
查看原文 查看 PubMed
Small · 2021 ·Vol. 18 ·期 3 ·2104034 · IF 13.281

Microbial Lipopeptide Supramolecular Self-Assemblies as a Methuosis-Like Cell Death Inducer with In Vivo Antitumor Activity

Jiao Yang Lu,Wei Tao Huang,Kexuan Zhou,Xiaoli Zhao,Shuqing Yang,Liqiu Xia,Xuezhi Ding

Discovering new drugs and improving action mechanisms is a promising strategy to overcome chemotherapy ineffectiveness caused by cancer cell apoptosis resistance. Natural products (like cyclic lipopeptides, CLPs) are potential sources of nonapoptotic cell death inducers and can form diverse supramolecular structures, closely relating to their bioactivities. Herein, it is found for the first time that fatty chain is the key to maintain self-assembled form and antitumor activity of microbial-derived amphiphilic CLP bacillomycin Lb (B-Lb). Compared with B-Lb analogues assemblies without antitumor activity, B-Lb supramolecular self-assemblies (including nanomicelles, nanofibers, giant micrometer rods) can be generated in a multilevel and cross-scale manner and served as a methuosis-like cell death inducer triggered by cytoplasmic vacuolation through macropinocytosis in MDA-MB-231-Luc and MCF-7 cells and in vivo tumor-bearing mice. This study will promote constructing of customized CLP micro-/nanostructures with multipurposes and functions, and boost designing of new antitumor drugs as nonapoptotic cell death modulators based on structure–activity relationship.

CAS / MDL: 67769-47-5
研究领域: 药学 · 生物技术 · 癌症研究 · 纳米技术 · 分子生物学
✓ 已验证 产品关联 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
查看原文 查看 PubMed
PHYTOMEDICINE · 2022 · IF 6.656

Study on inhibition of Britannin on triple-negative breast carcinoma through degrading ZEB1 proteins

Hong Lu,Zhengyu Wu,Yijun Wang,Di Zhao,Biyun Zhang,Mei Hong

Background Triple-negative breast carcinomas (TNBCs) are a breast carcinoma with the most aggressive form, which is demonstrated as enhanced invasion and recurrence. Britannin is extracted mainly from the traditional Chinese herb Inula japonica Thunb, and few studies have focused on its effect on TNBC. Moreover, there is still no report concerning the role of Britannin in degrading the transcripts of Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) proteins. Purpose To explore the potential effect of Britannin on invasion and stemness of TNBCs and its underlying mechanism. Methods Cellular activity was measured using MTT, and cell cycle was measured using flow cytometry (FCM). The effect of Britannin on the migrating and invading abilities of MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells were measured using the wound healing and transwell assays. The sizes and number of breast carcinoma cells were measured by tumor formation assay and in vitro limiting-dilution assay. CD44 expression in tumor spheroids was tested by immunofluorescence assay . Nextly, the expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and ZEB1 protein expressional level were detected by western blot . ZEB1 mRNA expressional level was analyzed using RT-qPCR. Drug affinity-responsive target stability (DARTS) method was used to detect the binding activity between Britannin and ZEB1. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) analysis was applied to test the ubiquitination of ZEB1. The mouse models for experimental lung metastasis of 4T1 cells were established to detect the anti-metastasis effect of Britannin in vivo , and the expressional levels of EMT markers in lung metastases were detected by immunohistochemistry . Results Britannin could inhibit cell growth and G2/M arrest in TNBC cells. Britannin could inhibit the migrating and invading ability without inducing severe apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells. Meanwhile, Britannin reduced the size and number of spheroids formed in these two cells, and decreased the expressional level of stem cells biomarker CD44 in tumor spheroids. Mechanism research showed that Britannin specifically bound to ZEB1 and induced its ubiquitination in MDA-MB-231 cells. Afterwards, Britannin disturbed protein stability and promoted ZEB1 protein degradation. Importantly, Britannin could not inhibit cell invasion and spheroid formation after ZEB1 expression was knocked down. Finally, Britannin inhibition of 4T1 cell metastasis was confirmed through establishing mouse models for the experimental lung metastasis. It was proved that both Britannin and paclitaxel could decrease the lung metastases, and Britannin could also down-regulate the protein expressional levels of ZEB1, MMP9 and CD44. Conclusion This study reveals that Britannin suppresses the invasion and metastasis of TNBC cells through degrading ZEB1, which suggests that Britannin can be used to prevent tumor metastasis and recurrence via degrading ZEB1proteins.

CAS / MDL: 9002-93-1
研究领域: 肿瘤学 · 药理学 · 细胞生物学 · 分子生物学
✓ 已验证 产品关联 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
查看原文 查看 PubMed
已复制

文献关联基于可获得的产品、CAS、DOI 及引用记录。收录不代表作者或出版方对阿拉丁产品的背书,请以原始文献为准。