ENERGY & FUELS
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2024
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IF 5.2
Siyuan Wang,Yunze Zhang,Jian Wang
Rationally designing highly active electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) without relying on precious metals is critical for promoting the application of metal–air batteries and fuel cells. As a promising alternative to traditional Pt-group-based catalysts, transition-metal oxides (TMOs) with high corrosion resistivity and diverse structure configuration have exhibited great catalytic potential. However, the current favorable ORR performance of TMOs has often been achieved through their coupling with engineered carbons such as graphene and carbon nanotubes, which can obscure the intrinsic catalytic potential of TMOs. To promote TMO-based catalysts for ORR applications, comprehensively analyzing their catalytic properties and screening promising TMO-based parent materials is crucial. Herein to eliminate the research gap, 22 noble-metal-free TMOs (e.g., Co3O4, MnO, and Fe2O3) were benchmarked for ORR catalysis, with Pt/C and RuO2 as comparisons. Nb2O5 demonstrated the greatest potential as an ORR electrocatalyst among all of the studied TMOs, with higher specific activity surpassing that of Pt/C. In addition, it could achieve a larger peak power density than Pt/C in a more practical Zn–air battery setup, showing promise for applications. Regarding stability, most of the studied TMOs exhibited larger losses in limiting current densities than the degradation of half-wave potentials (from 0.65% to 7.54) after the 10,000 cycle accelerated degradation tests, pointing out the direction to improve their ORR stabilities.
研究领域:
电化学
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材料科学
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能源存储与转换
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CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
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2019
·Vol. 26
·期 6
·1306-1313
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IF 5.16
Muhammad Sohail Riaz,Siwei Zhao,Chenlong Dong,Shuying Nong,Yantao Zhao,Muhammad Javed Iqbal,Fuqiang Huang
Graphical Selenized and phosphorized cobalt-nickel oxide microcubes formed by a novel strategy using a sacrificial ZnO spherical template are employed as an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst. The selenized samples manifest desirable and robust OER performance, with comparable overpotential at 10 mA cm −2 (312 mV) as RuO 2 (308 mV) and better activity when the current reaches 13.7 mA cm −2 . Oxygen electrocatalysis is of remarkable significance for electrochemical energy storage and conversion technologies, together with fuel cells, metal-air batteries, and water splitting devices. Substituting noble metal-based electrocatalysts by decidedly effective and low-cost metal-based oxygen electrocatalysts is imperative for the commercial application of these technologies. Herein, a novel strategy is presented to fabricate selenized and phosphorized porous cobalt-nickel oxide microcubes by using a sacrificial ZnO spherical template and the resulting microcubes are employed as an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst. The selenized samples manifest desirable and robust OER performance, with comparable overpotential at 10 mA cm −2 (312 mV) as RuO 2 (308 mV) and better activity when the current reaches 13.7 mA cm −2 . The phosphorized samples exhibit core–shell structure with low-crystalline oxides inside amorphous phosphides, which ensures superior activity than RuO 2 with the same overpotential (at 10 mA cm −2 ) yet lower Tafel slope. Such a surface doping method possibly will provide inspiration for engineering electrocatalysts applied in water oxidation.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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能源存储与转换
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催化
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高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
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2026
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IF 7.8
Jiangwen Xu,Hongyi Li,Jinxu Song,Haotian Li,Wenyuan Zhou,Jinshu Wang
Chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is a critical electrochemical process in the chlor-alkali industry and water treatment, yet conventional ruthenium (Ru)-based electrodes suffer from severe structural instability under operating conditions. This study proposes an orbital-engineered self-regulating strategy by tailoring the electronic configuration of RuO2 through tin (Sn) doping. The resulting Sn/RuO2 nanocatalyst achieves exceptional stability over 800 h at an industrial current density of 1 A cm–2, significantly surpassing RuO2 catalyst (∼100 h), while maintaining good activity and selectivity (97.9%). Both experimental and theoretical analyses reveal that the orbital hybridization improves p–d coupling between Ru 4d and Sn 5s/5p states by incorporating Sn. This specific orbital interaction triggers a concerted electron density redistribution, which weakens the Ru–O bond by modulating its π* orbital occupancy, lowering the energy barrier for chlorine intermediate adsorption, while simultaneously enhances the antibonding orbital of the Sn–O bond, strengthening its covalent character and effectively anchoring the lattice oxygen against anodic dissolution. The Ru–O–Sn bridge serves as an efficient electron feedback channel that establishes a favorable electronic structure for sustained catalysis, which suppresses Ru overoxidation and maintains stable electronic states throughout prolonged electrolysis. This work establishes an orbital engineering paradigm for designing high-performance nanocatalysts, demonstrating that deliberate modulation of electronic orbitals via strategic doping offers a practical route to simultaneously achieve high activity and exceptional durability under demanding industrial conditions.
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高影响因子
ACS Catalysis
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2026
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IF 13.6
Xiaojie Chen,Wenqi Jia,Xuejie Cao,Guangyu Xu,Ting Jin,Lifang Jiao
Ruthenium oxide (RuO2) exhibits high activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) but suffers from severe degradation under the harsh operating conditions of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs), especially at high current densities. This study reveals that the accelerated degradation at high current density is driven by potential-dependent Ru–O bond contraction, enhanced bond covalency, and the subsequent activation of lattice oxygen. High crystallinity effectively stabilizes RuO2 by preventing detrimental structural evolution, thereby eliminating dynamic anion redox under high oxidative potential up to 1.8 VRHE. Based on this principle, RuO2 featuring high bulk and surface crystallinity and a large surface area (denoted as RuO2-HCLA) is prepared via a gel-template pyrolysis method, which exhibits high catalytic stability. As a practical validation, the PEMWE with the RuO2-HCLA anode demonstrates a low degradation rate of ∼38.4 μV h–1 at industrial-related conditions (1.5 A cm–2, 60 °C). Notably, the assembled electrolyzer withstands harsh voltage fluctuation scenarios, demonstrating minimal performance loss (∼1%) at 3 A cm–2 after 280 h of fluctuating input (1.5–1.8 V). This work provides a design strategy for durable and high-performance Ru-based anodes.
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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
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2026
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IF 6.7
Qianqian Fan,Yueyue Shao,Jia Zhou,Gui-Gen Wang
Combining the precise incorporation of electronegative nitrogen (N) species with a core-shell structure is essential for achieving high-performance bifunctional electrocatalysis. In this study, we leverage the intrinsic catalytic properties of ruthenium (Ru) to propose a method that simultaneously achieves in-situ controllable N doping and anchoring of Ru. Subsequently, a core-shell structured Ru@RuO 2 /NC electrocatalyst is obtained via air oxidation. Experimental and theoretical results reveal that the Ru@RuO 2 induces strong metal-oxide interfacial coupling, while the introduction of N promotes the redistribution of charges in the material. The synergistic effect not only endows the material with bifunctional properties but also enhances its intrinsic activity and significantly improves the utilization efficiency of Ru (4.2 wt%). Ru@RuO 2 /NC exhibits outstanding bifunctional activity for oxygen evolution (223 mV@10 mA cm - ²) and hydrogen evolution (39 mV@10 mA cm - ²) during alkaline water electrolysis. This work provides a new strategy for the controllable design of high-performance electrocatalysts, highlighting the crucial roles of both precise interfacial doping and synergistic support engineering on optimizing catalytic performance.
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APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
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2026
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IF 19.7
Wenlu Zhang,Yaning Fu,Zhen Feng,Mengyao Huang,Youcai Lu,Qingchao Liu
Mn doping creates symmetry-broken Co δ+ -O-Ru δ− heterointerfaces. • Polarized Ru and Co sites enable catalytic shunting of ORR and OER. • Reversible metal-oxygen bond adaptation accelerates Li 2 O 2 conversion. • The catalyst delivers an ultralow discharge-charge overpotential of 0.37 V. • Li-O 2 cells reach 34,738 mAh g −1 and cycle stably for 208 cycles. Aprotic Li-O 2 batteries require efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis, yet ORR and OER impose conflicting demands on oxygen-intermediate adsorption and product desorption. Herein, we construct a symmetry-broken Mn-doped Co 3 O 4 /RuO 2 heterointerface on carbon cloth to couple catalytic shunting with self-adaptive interfacial bonding. Mn incorporation reinforces Co-O-Ru coupling and generates asymmetric Co δ⁺ -O-Ru δ⁻ units, as verified by XPS, XAS, and theoretical calculations. The resulting interfacial polarization spatially divides the oxygen-redox pathway: electron-enriched Ru sites preferentially promote O₂ adsorption/activation for ORR, whereas electron-deficient Co sites facilitate Li₂O₂ decomposition/desorption for OER. Meanwhile, in situ Raman spectroscopy and theoretical bond-length analysis reveal reversible metal-oxygen bond elongation/contraction during discharge/charge, enabling temporal adaptation of interfacial bonding to evolving intermediates. This spatial shunting and temporal self-adaptation synergistically mitigate the adsorption-desorption conflict, improve Li 2 O 2 reversibility, and maintain efficient charge-transfer pathways. Consequently, the Mn-Co 3 O 4 /RuO 2 cathode achieves a low overpotential of 0.37 V, a high discharge capacity of 34,781 mAh g −1 , and stable cycling for 208 cycles. This study provides a shunt-adaptive heterointerface strategy for multistep oxygen electrocatalysis. Download: Download high-res image (275KB) Download: Download full-size image
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IONICS
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2025
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IF 2.6
Yang Jian,Zhang Yaowen,Liu Yongping
The oxygen evolution reaction (OER), serving as the anode in water electrolysis, plays a pivotal role in various applications. Developing efficient non-iridium-based catalysts for acidic water splitting remains a significant challenge. This study employs a phase engineering strategy to synthesize defect-rich crystalline/amorphous Ru 0.6 Mo 0.2 Cr 0.2 O x solid solution catalysts through dual-metal doping. The catalyst exhibits superior acidic OER performance with an overpotential of 204 mV (@10 mA cm −2 ) and mass activity of 577.8 A g Ru −1 at 1.5 V vs RHE, outperforming all control samples. Furthermore, synergistic Cr/Mo doping effectively reduces the oxidation state of Ru in RuO 2 while enhancing structural stability, resulting in minimal activity decay during prolonged testing. Theoretical calculations reveal that dual-doping synergistically modulates charge distribution on Ru sites, lowering the energy barrier for *OOH formation in the thermodynamic limiting step. This work provides a facile strategy for developing high-performance acidic OER catalysts with dramatically reduced noble metal loading, demonstrating critical industrial relevance.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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能源转换
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高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2025
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IF 9
Yucheng Liu,Hantao Du,Xu Huang,Mingming Yin,Hongtao Liu,Haoran Sun,Lizhang Wang
The treatment of high-salinity organic wastewater (HSOW) poses severe challenges, with sulfate ions (SO 4 2− ) playing a critical role in electrocatalytic oxidation processes. In this study, a series of Ti/RuO 2 -MO x electrodes were fabricated by coating composite metal oxides onto titanium substrates, and the SO 4 2− -mediated electron transfer mechanism on the electrode surface was elucidated. We reveal that surface metal atoms form M O S electron channels with SO 4 2− , facilitating direct electron transfer for organic oxidation. The oxidation state of metal ions exerts a significant regulatory effect on electron transfer processes. Specifically, composite formation with metal oxides (i.e., Sn 4+ , Ce 4+ , Mn 4+ ) exhibiting valence state matching with Ru 4+ optimizes surface electron distribution, expands electron channels, and enhances SO 4 2− adsorption stability, thereby exerting a positive promotional effect on electron transfer. Conversely, composite systems involving metal oxides with significant valence state discrepancies from Ru 4+ (i.e., Cu 2+/3+ , Co 2+/3+ , Fe 2+/3+ ) disrupt surface electron distribution, shrink electron channels, and reduce SO 4 2− adsorption stability, leading to impaired charge transfer kinetics. Notably, via the SO 4 2− -mediated electron transfer process, the Ti/RuO 2 -SnO 2 electrode with outstanding electron transfer properties achieved ultra-low energy consumption (0.0022 kwh‧g −1 ) degradation of organic pollutants, with a carbon footprint of 0.68 kg CO 2 ‧m −3 . This study provides novel insights for the ultra-low energy treatment of HSOW.
研究领域:
环境科学
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电化学
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废水处理
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材料科学
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APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
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2022
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IF 24.319
Qian Lu,Xiaohong Zou,Xixi Wang,Liang An,Zongping Shao,Yunfei Bu
The sluggish oxygen reduction/evolution reaction (ORR/OER) kinetics greatly limits the application of zinc-air batteries (ZAB). Regarding this, searching for high-efficient electrocatalysts should be emphatically considered, while reactant accessibility and charge transfer on catalysts are the decisive factors for ORR/OER activities. Here we propose the incorporation of excess Co into (101) plane of RuO 2 to form a single-phase material with abundant Ru/Co dual-atom sites on the active (110) surface to simultaneously optimize the charge transfer and reactant accessibility in the electrode reactions, while oxidized carbon nanotube applied as supports for electron transfer. Ru and Co atoms serve as the main ORR and OER catalytic sites respectively, while Ru/Co dual atoms tend to co-adsorbs the intermediate *OOH to produce the synergistic effects. As a result, the optimal electrocatalysts achieve an ultralow overpotential gap of 0.67 V in 0.1 M KOH and superior stability over 800 cycles at 10 mA cm -2 for ZAB.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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高影响因子
CRYSTENGCOMM
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2023
·Vol. 25
·期 38
·5420-5427
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IF 3.1
Qian Chen,Ruonan Wang,Lin Liu,Zhiming Guan,Zhibin Zhu,Lixin Cao,Bohua Dong
Developing an acid-stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst is essential for efficient water splitting; however, high overpotentials and poor stability severely hinder its development. Herein, we present the synthesis of ultra-thin carbon shell-coated grain boundary-rich Ru/RuO2 nanoparticles by molecule-assisted pyrolysis and a subsequent oxidation strategy, assembled into flexible nanosheets. Ru/RuO2@C is reported as a stable and active acidic OER catalyst that exhibits an ultralow overpotential of 173 mV in 0.5 M H2SO4 and a low degradation rate (0.075 mV h−1) over a 120 hours stability test. The systematic experimental results reveal that the carbon layer with high electrical conductivity acts as a protective layer against Ru/RuO2 dissolution and enhances the stability of the catalyst. The presence of grain boundaries within the core–shell structure enhances the catalytic activity of the catalyst, and the compression or stretching of the lattice strain at the grain boundaries results in faster electron transport at the electrode/electrolyte interface, thus providing more active sites for the OER. The outstanding activity and long-term stability indicate that Ru/RuO2@C could act as an efficient anode catalyst in proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers for water splitting.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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催化化学
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Engineering
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2025
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IF 11.6
Bin Zhao,Jialin Yang,Ruiping Liu,Jiuhui Qu,Meng Sun
The contamination of wastewater with organic pollutants and nitrogen compounds poses significant environmental challenges. The primary objective of wastewater treatment is the simultaneous denitrification and decarbonization of ammonia nitrogen into harmless by-products. This study presents a novel method for the directional generation of chlorine radical species like ·ClO and ·Cl using electro-reactive membranes (EMs), which were fabricated using an electro-deposition coupled template approach known as RuO 2 @PbO 2 -M. This method facilitates the rapid and efficient conversion of ammonia to nitrogen and concurrently reduces the chemical oxygen demand in the effluent. Our system achieved ultra-efficient simultaneous denitrification and decarbonization with minimal energy consumption in single-filtration mode, thereby eliminating the need for chemical precursors. We elucidate the formation pathway of ·ClO and ·Cl during the electrochemical oxidation process involving RuO 2 @PbO 2 -M, where ·Cl generated from RuO 2 reacts with ·OH from PbO 2 under hypochlorous acid conditions, thereby enhancing nitrogen and carbon removal. These findings highlight a novel filtration model that utilizes single-channel electro-filtration and an innovative reactive membrane design for ·ClO synthesis, which provides a new research framework for the concurrent removal of nitrogen and carbon, and offers a promising solution to enhance wastewater treatment efficiency.
研究领域:
环境科学
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水处理技术
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电化学
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膜科学
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化学工程
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可持续废水管理
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高影响因子
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
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2023
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IF 22.1
Tanglue Feng,Jingkun Yu,Da Yue,Haoqiang Song,Songyuan Tao,Geoffrey I.N. Waterhouse,Siyu Lu,Bai Yang
Designing highly active and durable electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) over a wide pH range is of great significance, but it remains challenging. Herein, a defect-rich RuO 2 electrocatalyst with pH-universal OER activity is developed by rationally utilizing the electronic reservoir effect of Mn-coordinated carbonized polymer dots (Mn-CPDs). Mn-CPDs as distinct electron acceptor/donor endows Ru-O sites of RuO 2 with abundant defective structures (i.e., O-Ru-O-Ru-Ru sites and O-Ru-O-Mn units) via reduction-oxidation processes, with incorporated Mn atoms simultaneously feeding electron to Ru. The resultant Ru-O-Mn/CPD exhibits an ultralow OER potential of 196 mV, 194 mV and 251 mV at 10 mA·cm −2 under 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 , 1.0 M KOH, and 1.0 M PBS media, respectively, and long-term catalytic stability, which are among the best OER electrocatalysts. Surprisingly, Ru-O-Mn/CPD also shows great Pt-like hydrogen evolution activity. The theoretical simulation indicates that defective Ru-O-Mn structures produce electron-rich Ru region and near-optimal Ru-4d/O-2p band center, thus optimizing the adsorption/desorption kinetics of key intermediates.
研究领域:
电化学
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材料科学
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催化
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高影响因子
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