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Rechargeable aqueous zinc batteries (AZBs) are increasingly recognized as an alternative to conventional energy storage systems due to their environmentally safe nature, abundant zinc resources, and high theoretical capacity. However, the intercalation or surface redox mechanisms limit the development of AZBs cathode materials due to low specific capacity and energy density. The tellurium-based (Te) materials with conversion mechanisms are promising cathode materials for AZBs. Nevertheless, the slow kinetics are detrimental to the increase in specific capacity and energy density for Zn-Te battery. Therefore, a hierarchical structure of manganese oxide (MnO) hollow nanospheres loaded on nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets (MnO@NC) was rationally designed and used as Te hosts (Te/MnO@NC) for Zn-Te battery. This hierarchical structure facilitates the loading of more Te species. Meanwhile, the MnO hollow nanospheres can expose more active sites, which can promote the kinetics of Te redox reactions thereby lowering the reaction energy barrier. The Te/MnO@NC cathode exhibits high specific capacity and high energy density (429 mAh g −1 and 407 Wh Kg −1 at 0.1 A g −1 ). Additionally, the conversion mechanism was investigated by systematic characterization and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This study presents a new design platform for developing AZBs with high specific capacity and energy density.
Bismuth telluride-based thermoelectric (TE) devices were widely used in waste heat recovery due to their high thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT), but the severe diffusion between Sn-based solder and TE pillar generated porous and brittle Sn-Te intermetallic compound (IMC), which seriously restricted the reliable service of devices. Ni-based coating was used but the thick Ni-Te IMC also impaired the properties of TE pillars. In this work, the crystalline Co-P coating was inserted between the p-type TE material Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 and the solder by electrodeposition, and the power generation sustainability of the TE pillar were significantly improved, and the mechanism was revealed. The microstructural characterization proved that the Co-P coating could effectively resist the diffusion of active Sn, Bi, Sb, Cu atoms. Co-P coating would provide support for the structural integrity and performance sustainability of TE pillars. It was worth noting that an ultrathin CoTe 2 IMC layer was formed between the Co-P coating and the Bi-Sb-Te pillar, which was much thinner than the Ni-Te IMC layer reported in the literature. This indicated that Co-P only consumed little thermoelectric elements, but also a good metallurgical bond was formed between the Co-P and the Bi-Sb-Te. After aging at 423 K for 150 h, the maximum output power and average Seebeck coefficient of the TE pillar without coating dropped significantly by 74% and 34%, respectively, and the internal resistance rose by 67%. Remarkably, the maximum output power and average Seebeck coefficient of the TE pillar protected by the Co-P coating only decreased by 14% and 5%, respectively, and the internal resistance only increased by 6%.
The development of highly efficient electrocatalysts has attracted increasing attention in the field of electrochemical energy conversion. Therefore, we report a simple self-template method to construct Co–Sn–X (X = S, Se, Te) nanocages through the anion exchange reaction of CoSn(OH)6 nanocubes with chalcogenide ions under mild solvothermal conditions. Benefiting from advantageous compositional features and well-designed architectures, the obtained Co–Sn–X (X = S, Se, Te) nanocages display enhanced electrocatalytic activity for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in an alkaline electrolyte. Remarkably, the Co–Sn–Se nanocages as the counter electrode (CE) catalyst deliver a prominent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.25% for DSSCs compared with Pt CE (8.19%). Furthermore, when used as an OER catalyst, the Co–Sn–Se nanocages also exhibit outstanding electrocatalytic activity in terms of their low overpotential of 304 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 and long-term stability in 1.0 M KOH solution. This work provides wide prospects for the rational design and synthesis of high-performance transition metal chalcogenide-based electrocatalysts for future energy conversion systems.
Hierarchical nanosheet-based nanotubes are very attractive because their unique structure endows them with large surface areas and exposes massive active sites for functional applications. We herein demonstrate a facile one-pot hydrothermal approach to fabricate the hierarchical nanosheet-based MS2 (M = Re, Mo, W) nanotubes by using Te nanowires as sacrificial templates. The hierarchical nanotubes show tube channels of ∼30 nm and hierarchical channel walls with a tunable thickness of up to ∼50 nm. As exemplified for application in Li-ion and Na-ion batteries, the ReS2 hierarchical nanotubes exhibit excellent specific capacities (1137 mA h g–1 for Li-ion batteries and 375 mA h g–1 for Na-ion batteries at 0.1 A g–1 after 100 cycles), good cycling stabilities, and high rate capabilities, demonstrating their promising applicability in rechargeable batteries. This work may open up new opportunities for further exploration of new types of hierarchical nanostructures for applications, e.g., in catalysis, energy chemistry, and gas adsorption and separation.
Four silver chalcogen compounds, Ag 2 O, Ag 2 S, Ag 2 Se and Ag 2 Te, can be utilized as visible-light-driven photocatalysts. In this research, the electronic structures of these compounds were analyzed by simulation and experiments to systematically reveal the relationship between photocatalytic performance and energetic structure. All four chalcogenides exhibited interesting photocatalytic activities under ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared light. However, their photocatalytic performances and stability significantly depended on the band gap width, and the valence band and conduct band position, which was determined by their composition. Increasing the X atomic number from O to Te resulted in the upward movement of the valence band top and the conduct band bottom, which resulted in narrower band gaps, a wider absorption spectrum, a weaker photo-oxidization capacity, a higher recombination probability of hole and electron pairs, lower quantum efficiency, and worse stability. Among them, Ag 2 O has the highest photocatalytic performance and stability due to its widest band gap and lowest position of VB and CB. The combined action of photogenerated holes and different radicals, depending on the different electronic structures, including anion ozone radical, hydroxide radical, and superoxide radical, was observed and understood. The results of experimental observations and simulations of the four silver chalcogen compounds suggested that a proper electronic structure is necessary to obtain a balance between photocatalytic performance and absorbable light region in the development of new photocatalysts.
The absorber layers of end-of-life thin-film solar cells represent valuable sources of tellurium and selenium, necessitating efficient separation and recovery strategies for sustainable resource utilization. In this work, amorphous hydrous zirconium oxides (AHZOs) were synthesized via the sol-gel method, featuring abundant surface hydroxyl groups, and enhanced specific surface area for effective Te(IV)/Se(IV) adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacities reached 743.8 mg/g for Te(IV) at pH 8 and 375.5 mg/g for Se(IV) at pH 2, driven by spontaneous endothermic processes involving synergistic mechanisms of electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, ion exchange, and surface complexation. Competitive adsorption studies revealed Te(IV)’s superior binding affinity, achieving a separation coefficient up to 1609 through the selective displacement of adsorbed Se(IV). Both single and mixed solutions can be treated as wastewater with appropriate amounts of AHZOs to achieve emission standards. A stepwise adsorption-desorption strategy yielded 99.6 %-pure Se(IV)-enriched and 95.9 %-pure Te(IV) solutions, enabling effective separation and purification. Volume-controlled desorption further facilitated resource enrichment, producing concentrated solutions containing 2324 mg/L Te(IV) and 2000 mg/L Se(IV). Through adsorption and desorption, the separation and recovery of Te(IV) and Se(IV) were achieved in the simulated leaching solution with recoveries of 90.8 % and 73.9 %, respectively. This study establishes AHZOs as a promising material for sustainable metal recovery from waste photovoltaic cells, demonstrating significant potential for resource recovery in renewable energy systems.
Ternary compounds in the Al–Te–O system have been considered as potential materials for Low-Temperature Co-fired Ceramics preparation. Two ternary compounds, Al 2 TeO 6 and Al 2 Te 2 O 7 , have been found in the Al–Te–O system under 920 °C in air. The decomposition behavior of these two compounds has been studied with Thermogravimetric Analysis-Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TGA-DSC) and equilibration experiments. Phase equilibrium of the Al 2 O 3 –TeO 2 system has also been experimentally investigated at ambient atmosphere, and corresponding phase diagram has been derived. Obtained results showed that Al 2 Te 2 O 7 , could only be found when TeO 2 was 66.7-70.0 mol pct and temperature was at 590 °C to 610 °C. Al 2 TeO 6 decomposed into Al 2 O 3 , TeO 2 (g), and O 2 (g) when temperature was above 920 °C. Al 2 Te 2 O 7 converted into Al 2 TeO 6 at 620 ± 2 °C, and then followed the decomposition path of Al 2 TeO 6 . In phase equilibrium study, when the initial sample started from the Al 2 O 3 –Al 2 TeO 6 region, Al 2 TeO 6 and Al 2 O 3 were found in quenched samples at the temperature range of 500 °C to 915 °C. When the initial sample started from the Al 2 TeO 6 –TeO 2 phase region, two solid phases, Al 2 TeO 6 and TeO 2 , could be found in samples prepared under 725 ± 2 °C. When the temperature was above 730 ± 2 °C, there were Al 2 TeO 6 and one oxide liquid phase. In the Al 2 Te 2 O 7 –TeO 2 region, all equilibrated samples had Al 2 Te 2 O 7 and TeO 2 .
In the present wok, a series of Ti-filled and Te-doped skutterudite compounds Ti x Co 4 Sb 11.5 Te 0.5 (x = 0.2, 0.3, 0.5) were successful fabricated by combination of microwave synthesis and spark plasma sintering technique. The microstructure and thermoelectric properties of Ti x Co 4 Sb 11.5 Te 0.5 bulks have been investigated systematically. The experimental results show that nearly single phase skutterudite were obtained by 5 min microwave synthesis. The Ti 0.3 Co 4 Sb 11.5 Te 0.5 bulk has smallest and uniform grain size of about 2 μm. The influences of Ti concentration on thermoelectric properties were discussed. A highest ZT of 0.60 for Ti 0.3 Co 4 Sb 11.5 Te 0.5 was achieved at 773 K along with a total thermal conductivity of 3.72 W m −1 K −1 , one might obtain higher values at a higher temperature.
Single-atom catalysts towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) often suffer from unsatisfactory activity and poor stability. Herein, for the first time, we successfully modulated the electronic structure of the Mn–N–C catalyst by introducing chalcogen oxygen groups (XO2, X = S, Se, Te), which induce changes in the Mn–N bond length in the MnN4 structure, thereby modulating the electronic structure of the metal center Mn. The experimental results demonstrate that the introduction of XO2 groups results in the rearrangement of Mn 3d electrons, which can be strongly correlated with the ORR activity of the Mn–N–C catalysts, among which the SeO2 modification increases the kinetic current density of the Mn–N–C catalyst achieving a half-wave potential (E1/2) of 0.79 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode, approaching that of Fe–N–C catalysts along with significant stability in acidic media. The promising performance of the Mn–N–C catalyst as a PGM-free cathode was confirmed through fuel cell testing. First-principles calculations demonstrate that the introduced XO2 group downshifts the d-band center of the Mn center, thus successfully optimizing the adsorption of oxygen intermediates. This finding significantly facilitates the activity enhancement of Mn–N–C catalysts via the construction of a geometric structure–electronic structure–catalytic property relationship.
The Te-based glass powder exhibits distinctive characteristics such as a low melting temperature and high chemical stability, rendering it a focal point of research in the realm of glass powder applications for solar cells. In this investigation, a pioneering Ge-containing Te-based lead-free glass powder was synthesized, and the influence of GeO2 content on critical parameters such as glass transition temperature (Tg), high-temperature fluidity, high-temperature wettability, acid and alkali resistance, as well as the network structure of the glass, was systematically explored. At an optimal GeO2 content of 8%, the glass powder displayed the lowest Tg (437°C), accompanied by a subdued crystallization reaction. The high-temperature fluidity and wettability exhibited favorable characteristics, indicating that the inclusion of GeO2 in the glass powder resulted in an enhanced interface contact. Building upon this foundation, techniques to augment the Ag+ content within the glass powder were investigated, along with the interaction between Ag+ and the SiNx anti-reflection layer or silicon on the surface of crystalline silicon solar cells. It was discerned that the Ag+ content in the glass powder significantly influences the deposition of silver microcrystals on the surface of crystalline silicon, thereby impacting the contact resistance of the solar cell. Then influences the series resistance and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.
Photothermal therapy is a powerful candidate for tumor treatment. However, photothermal therapy still faces some challenges, such as lacking photothermal agents with high photothermal conversion efficiency and undesirable inflammatory responses, which may result in tumor recurrence and therapeutic resistance. Here, the Pt/Te nanoheterostructures (PT) were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal reaction. The photothermal conversion efficiency was up to 51.84%. The outstanding photothermal conversion capacity of PT was attributed to the unique localized surface plasmon resonance frequency of metals and semiconductors and the increased circuit paths of electron transitions from nanoheterostructures. After coating with the murine mammary carcinoma (4T1) cell membrane, the camouflaged PT (mPT) exhibits excellent biocompatibility and effective homologous targeting capacity. Benefiting from antioxidative activity, mPT can efficiently scavenge inflammation-related reactive oxygen species and cytokines (such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6) caused by hyperthermia to alleviate inflammation in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro and in vivo therapeutic results showed that mPT could effectively inhibit 4T1 breast tumors. In addition, the in vivo therapy could be guided by photoacoustic imaging. These results demonstrated that these multifunctional mPT provide a paradigm for biomimetic metal and semiconductor nanoheterostructures for enhanced photothermal therapy and anti-inflammatory action on tumors.
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