INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
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2015
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IF 2.587
Jian-Chao Liu,Miao-Jun Xu,Tao Lai,Bin Li
Ammonium polyphosphate (APP), which is an important component of intumescent flame retardant (IFR), has been modified with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (KH550) and silicon resin to enhance its hydrophobic properties. The structure and properties of the modified ammonium polyphosphate (MAPP) were well-characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and water contact angle (CA). The water CA of MAPP was as high as 148°, which demonstrated that MAPP possessed excellent hydrophobic properties. MAPP and APP were mixed with triazine, which is a char-foaming agent (CFA), and polypropylene (PP) to prepare PP/MAPP/CFA and PP/APP/CFA composites, respectively. The fire retardancy and thermal degradation behavior of PP/MAPP/CFA and PP/APP/CFA composites were investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94), cone calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The surface and fracture morphologies were evaluated by SEM. The mechanical properties was analyzed by tensile, flexural, and izod impact tests. The results demonstrated that the MAPP imparted excellent flame retardancy of PP/MAPP/CFA systems, along with a higher LOI value, UL-94 rating, and lower heat release rate and total heat released values. The modification enhanced the interfacial adhesion, mechanical stability, and thermal stability of PP/MAPP/CFA composites. Moreover, PP/MAPP/CFA composites with the thickness of 1.6 mm can still pass the UL-94 V-0 rating after treatment with water for 168 h at 70 °C, meanwhile the weight loss rate was decreased from 2.31% for PP/APP/CFA composites to 0.85%, indicating excellent water resistance. This investigation shows a promising formulation for water-resistant intumescent flame-retardant PP composites with extraordinary properties.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Omega
·
2022
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IF 4.132
Yutao Yan,Sijie Dong,Haochong Jiang,Bohan Hou,Zhe Wang,Chunde Jin
An efficient and durable flame-retardant coating was constructed on wood via a layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly approach by using a chitosan (CS), graphene oxide (GO), and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) ternary flame-retardant system. Both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis indicated that CS-GO and APP polyelectrolytes were successfully deposited on wood, and the deposition amount was increased with the numbers of the LBLs. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the CS-GO-APP coating could decrease the initial and maximum thermal decomposition temperature of the coated wood while increase the char residue significantly, which may be attributed to the earlier degradation of CS and APP and effective heat barrier of the incorporated GO, thus increasing the thermal stability of the modified wood. The limited oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimeter analysis results of the pristine and coated wood indicated that the fire resistance was significantly improved after CS-GO-APP modification; when 15 BLs were deposited on the wood, the LOI was increased from pristine 22 to 42, while the heat release rate and total heat release decreased from pristine 105.50 kW/m2 and 62.43 MJ/m2 to 57.51 kW/m2 and 34.31 MJ/m2, respectively. What is more, the 24 h immersion experiments and abrasion tests proved the excellent durability of the deposited coating. Furthermore, the SEM images of the char residues after flaming test proved that the CS-GO-APP assembly coating could promote the char layer formation on the wood surface and block the heat and flame spread, thus protecting the wood from fire attacking.
研究领域:
材料科学
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防火技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
POLYMER
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2016
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IF 3.586
Jian Jing,Yan Zhang,Xinlei Tang,Yang Zhou,Xiaonan Li,Baljinder K. Kandola,Zhengping Fang
In this study, a facile approach to fabricate a novel bio-based hybrid (BBH) with core/shell structure is presented by taking advantage of plant-derived resources. The BBH developed herein comprises of an inorganic core of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), covered with an organic shell that is constructed via layer-by-layer assembly of a novel bio-based polyelectrolyte (BPE) and polyethylenimine (PEI). BBH can simultaneously enhance the flame retardancy and toughness of polylactic acid (PLA) with very high efficiency. The flame retardant PLA composite can pass UL94 V0 rating at the BBH loading content of 10 wt%. The efficient flame retardant performance is due to its effectiveness in both gas and condensed phases. More importantly, the flame retardant PLA composite containing 10 wt% BBH exhibits ductile fracture with an elongation at break of 27.3%, which is much higher than that of neat PLA (8%). The debonding and plastic void deformation of the PLA matrix around the BBH are responsible for the enhanced toughness. This work provides important hints for devising highly efficient multifunctional flame retardant and broadening the application field of renewable resources.
研究领域:
材料科学
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聚合物化学
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生物质利用
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Energy Storage
·
2024
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IF 8.9
Jianfeng Hu,Shenghua Xu,Ye Wang,Xin Lai,Zhengbin Xia,Zhengguo Zhang,Peng Xie,Sixing Zhang
Organic phase change materials pose a risk of flammability in practical applications, and composite materials prepared after encapsulation also face the problem of high thermal resistance when in contact with equipment. In this study, a new type of flexible composite phase change material with flame retardancy and insulation was prepared. Melamine foam (MF) was also physically modified with flexible long-chain polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to improve tensile property, leading to the preparation of one porous material, denoted as PMF. Subsequently, ammonium polyphosphate (APP), an intumescent flame retardant, was incorporated to formulate the composite phase change material APP/PEG@PMF. The mechanical properties of melamine foam were assessed using the universal material testing machine both before and after modification and the optimal amount of PVA, determined to be 15 %, was selected. The experimental results show that the composite materials have a high latent heat (both higher than 160 J/g). After 100 heating and cooling cycles, the material demonstrates excellent shape stability, proficiently preventing PEG leakage during phase transformation. Additionally, it exhibits prominent shape memory attributes, thereby reducing the contact thermal resistance when integrated within equipment. The oxygen index meter and vertical combustion test show that when the APP content is higher than 10 %, the oxygen index of the composite material reaches 22.6 %, while the thermal conductivity decreases to 0.13 W/(m·K). It not only improves the safety of PCMs in practical application scenarios, but also broadens the potential application spectrum of this composite material within the thermal insulation domain.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源存储
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安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
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2025
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IF 5.4
Shengchao Huang,Xiaosui Chen,Yuhang Huang,Yipei Zhang,Shuzheng Liu,Aiqing Zhang,Wei Liu
Polylactic acid (PLA) resin has inherent deficiencies like high flammability and severe melt-dripping, which limit its wide application. To address these issues, a novel APP-based flame retardant (MAPP) with reduced particle size was facilely fabricated by grafting 9, 10-Dihydro −9-oxa −10-phosphaphenanthrene −10-oxide (DOPO) and 4-formylphenylboronic acid (FPBA) onto the surface of raw APP via an ion exchange reaction, achieving a high char yield of 31.3 % in N 2 atmosphere. The synergistic effects of phosphorus-, nitrogen- and boron-containing compounds improved the flame retardancy and anti-dripping performance of PLA/MAPP composites efficiently. Notably, the PLA/6 %MAPP composite exhibited the highest limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 30.1 % and a UL-94 V-0 rating without melt dripping. Its cone calorimeter results also presented the lowest peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR), which were 19.8 % and 23.2 % lower than those in pure PLA, respectively. The gas- and condensed-phase product analysis revealed combined flame retardancy mechanisms including inert gas dilution, free-radical quenching, catalytic charring, and physical barrier effect. Importantly, the incorporation of MAPP did not significantly compromise the tensile strength (92.0 % of pure PLA) but enhanced the impact strength (31.9 %) of the relating PLA composites. This favorable balance between flame retardancy and mechanical properties in PLA/MAPP composites offers a viable approach to broaden the practical application of PLA.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）