CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2025
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IF 13.2
Weichen Zeng,Yunan Gao,Xiaofei Li,Han Zhang,Yufei Cheng,Xueding Jiang,Hailong Wang
Antimony-doped tin dioxide reactive electrochemical membranes (ATO-REMs) exhibit robust catalytic activity, yet their large-scale application is hindered by the laborious multi-step synthesis of the conventional sol-gel method. Herein, we propose a facile electrodeposition strategy for fabricating ATO-REMs, involving sequential deposition of Sb and Sn on porous Ti substrates followed by thermal annealing. This method achieved uniform distribution of interconnected ATO clusters with low charge transfer resistance and high electrocatalytic activity. Through systematic analysis of experimental conditions and electrodeposition processes, a comprehensive mechanistic framework was established to elucidate how operating conditions and synthesis parameters influence electrocatalytic performance. By tuning the electrodeposition process, the optimized electrodeposited ATO-REM (EPATO-REM) achieved 99.1% removal of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) during single-pass filtration with a low energy consumption of 0.5 kWh m −3 , outperforming the conventional sol-gel-derived ATO-REM. Further investigations revealed that SMX degradation was driven by •OH oxidation and direct electron transfer, with seven intermediates identified and degradation pathways proposed. Furthermore, EPATO-REMs exhibited oxidation stability during 8-h operation, universal efficacy for diverse contaminants, and practical applicability in complex water matrices. This work provides a facile and scalable alternative to the labor-intensive sol-gel method for ATO-REM fabrication, advancing the development of high-performance REMs for water treatment.
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Scientific Reports
·
2026
·
IF 4.9
Wang Jianfeng,Wang Zhijun,Geng Jingting,Zhu Yong
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is poorly removed by conventional biological treatment, highlighting the need for more effective treatment strategies. In this study, a ball-milled biochar-supported zero-valent iron composite (BC-ZVI) was evaluated as an activator of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for SMX degradation. Among BC mass ratios of 1:2, 1:5, 1:10, and 1:20, the 1:10 composite exhibited the highest catalytic performance. Under the baseline conditions, 98.0% of SMX was removed within 60 min, with an observed pseudo-first-order rate constant ( k obs ) of 0.0628 min −1 , which was 3.69 times higher than that of the ZVI/PMS system. Arrhenius analysis over 15–35 °C yielded an apparent activation energy of 47.5 kJ mol −1 (R 2 = 0.982), whereas k obs decreased by approximately 30-fold as the initial pH increased from 3 to 9, indicating strong pH dependence. Quenching experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance analysis, and solvent-isotope tests collectively indicated the coexistence of radical-mediated and 1 O 2 -associated pathways. Five major transformation-product ions were identified, and a TOC removal of 62.7% indicated that SMX degradation was accompanied by only partial mineralization. The SMX removal efficiency decreased to approximately 69.0% after five reuse cycles, while dissolved-iron release measured during the first cycle suggested incomplete stabilization of the iron phase within the composite. Overall, ball milling promoted the formation of an effective biochar–iron interface for PMS activation and substantially enhanced SMX degradation, although strong acid dependence, matrix inhibition, catalyst deactivation, and iron release remain important limitations for application in complex aqueous systems.
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ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
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2026
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IF 7.2
Bianxia Li,Hongjuan Zhu,Huiting Song,Huanan Li,Wanli Cheng,Jiashu Liu,Zhengbing Jiang
Laccase–mediator systems (LMS) can be used to degrade antibiotics due to their electron–transfer mechanism. However, the impact of mediators on conformational changes in laccase structure remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the degradation of tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole in the presence of different mediators using molecular dynamics simulations. The presence of mediators influences the partial conformation and compactness of laccase. Among the selected mediators, caffeic acid (CA) induced a β–sheet to loop transition within the active binding pocket of laccase, and enhanced the binding stability of laccase–antibiotic complexes. Residue–level energy decomposition revealed that CA shifted the binding model from electrostatic to hydrophobic interactions in the laccase–tetracycline system, whereas it enhanced π–π stacking and hydrophobic effects in the laccase–sulfamethoxazole system. In vitro degradation experiments confirmed that LMS CA could degrade > 90% of tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole. When degrading mixed antibiotics, the removal reached 88.17% for tetracycline in 3 h and 98.71% for sulfamethoxazole in 1 h. Protocatechuic acid, a structural analog of CA, exhibited the same effect as CA in promoting antibiotic degradation. Specifically, tetracycline degradation reached 95.10% at 2 h, and sulfamethoxazole degradation reached 94.89% at 1 h. The degradation pathways were elucidated via LC–MS. Toxicological assays confirmed a significant reduction in the toxicity of antibiotics. Mixed sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline could be degraded by LMS CA in simulated contaminated freshwater. Overall, elucidating the mechanism via in silico study benefits LMS design and highly efficient removal of antibiotics.
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BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
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2026
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IF 8.2
Yingjie Song,Zhangli Hu,Xuewei Yang,Yinglin Lu
Antibiotic residues in wastewater pose ecological and health risks, demanding efficient and sustainable removal strategies. A nature-based tripartite system was developed combining Spirodela polyrhiza , a sulfamethoxazole (SMX)-degrading bacterium ( Pseudomonas sp. N6), and the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor N105 for SMX removal. In sterile batch reactors (1 mg/L SMX), the consortium reduced SMX below the quantification limit (0.05 mg/L) within 12 days, outperforming duckweed alone and duckweed with a single microbial partner. Mass balance analysis showed that biodegradation (0.90 mg/L) dominated SMX dissipation, with fungal oxidative cleavage complementing bacterial hydroxylation and duckweed-mediated deamination. Physiological assays indicated that microbial partners, particularly the fungal component, alleviated SMX-induced oxidative stress and enhanced pigment synthesis, thereby improving duckweed growth. These results demonstrate that integrating duckweed, bacteria, and fungi yields enhanced SMX removal and mitigates phytotoxicity, highlighting a promising nature-based strategy for antibiotic-contaminated wastewater.
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Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2026
·Vol. 14
·期 2
·121689
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IF 7.5
Meiling Cai,Xiaojun Miao,Xiaoyan Wang,Xueyan Xue,Hui Zhu,Liping Yang,Xinqian Zhang,Jiao Yin
Heterogeneous catalytic ozonation (HCO) is a promising technology for water purification but is often restricted by low ozone utilization and poor gas-liquid-solid mass transfer. In this work, a dual-enhanced catalytic ozonation system was developed by coupling a nitrogen-doped cotton-straw-derived biochar supported mixed-valent iron catalyst (FeO x -N-BC) with ozone micro-nanobubbles (O 3 -MNBs). The catalyst was synthesized via impregnation and two-step pyrolysis, enabling uniform dispersion of Fe active sites and electronic structure modulation through nitrogen doping. The O 3 -MNBs improved ozone dissolution and transfer efficiency at the interface. Under optimal conditions, the FeO x –N–BC/O 3 –MNBs system achieved an SMX removal efficiency of 83.3 % and a mineralization rate of 37.9 %, with a pseudo-first-order kinetic constant of 0.30 min −1 , significantly outperforming single ozonation. EPR and quenching experiments confirmed a radical-nonradical dual degradation pathway dominated by singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 , 25.13 %). XPS revealed that C, N, and Fe species underwent synergistic valence state evolution, sustaining ROS generation and catalytic stability. The system maintained 51.1 % removal efficiency after five cycles with negligible anion interference. This study demonstrates a low-cost, efficient, and stable catalytic ozonation strategy, providing a practical route for antibiotic wastewater treatment and valorization of agricultural residues.
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JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
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2026
·
IF 9.2
An-Na Wang,Chao-Fei Wang,Tian-Yu Lu,Yu-Xuan Huang,He Guo
The treatment of high-salinity organic wastewater, characterized by complex composition and poor biodegradability, poses a significant challenge. This study investigated the degradation of a typical antibiotic, sulfamethoxazole (SMX), in NaCl-rich wastewater using a low-temperature plasma (LTP) system. The effects of operational parameters, including SMX initial concentration, input voltage, initial pH, and salt content (NaCl), on degradation efficiency were systematically evaluated. Results indicated that lower SMX concentration (15 mg/L), higher input voltage (200 V), and acidic/neutral conditions favored SMX degradation. The presence of low-concentration salt ions (e.g., 5 g/L NaCl) enhanced degradation compared to a salt-free environment, primarily by improving solution conductivity and generating chlorine-active species, whereas excessive salinity inhibited the process. Electron spin resonance (ESR) and radical quenching experiments confirmed that reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), hydroxyl radicals (·OH), and superoxide radicals (·O 2 − ), played crucial roles in SMX decomposition. The degradation pathways, elucidated via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, involved nitration, hydroxylation, deamination, ring-opening, and coupling reactions. Ecological Structure Activity Relationship (ECOSAR) model predictions demonstrated a significant reduction in the ecological toxicity of SMX and its transformation products towards fish, daphnia, and green algae after LTP treatment. This work confirms the potential of LTP technology for the effective and environmentally friendly treatment of antibiotic-contaminated high-salinity wastewater.
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Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2026
·Vol. 14
·期 3
·122789
·
IF 7.5
Dancheng Zhu,Caiyun Zhang,Jiabin Shen,Chao Shen,Chuanhong Jin,Hao Xu
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a widely used sulfonamide antibiotic, is a persistent aquatic pollutant due to its resistance to conventional treatment. Here, a Cu-ZSM-5/Ti 3 C 2 composite catalyst was fabricated by electrostatic self-assembly for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. Characterization by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, and zeta potential analysis confirmed the successful integration of the components. The catalyst achieved 97.59% removal of 10 mg/L SMX within 30 min. Quenching and EPR results indicated that 1 O 2 was the major reactive species. The enhanced performance under alkaline conditions was associated with the negatively charged composite surface (-38.8 mV at pH 9), the deprotonated state of SMX, and favorable interfacial interactions that may promote preferential oxidation of the isoxazole moiety. Control experiments using a physically mixed sample showed markedly lower activity, especially at pH 11, highlighting the importance of the intimate heterointerface created by self-assembly. The superior activity was attributed to the synergistic interaction between Cu species in Cu-ZSM-5 and Ti-based sites in Ti 3 C 2 . This work provides insight into designing selective PMS activation catalysts for antibiotic-contaminated water treatment.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
Hongli Lu,Hui Lin,Da Kang,Donglin Wang,Qiaojuan Wang,Jie Mao,Dan Cui,Yaohui Bai,Jiuhui Qu,Yongzhen Peng
Nearly 100% sulfamethoxazole (SMX) removal achieved via anodic biofilm. • DNA-SIP application in BESs identifies active SMX-assimilating bacteria. • Revealing specific electron transfer pathways and genes for SMX degradation. • Electrical stimulation structures a functionally partitioned, synergistic consortium. Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) offer a promising strategy for the anaerobic removal of recalcitrant antibiotics while enabling simultaneous energy recovery. In this study, a bioanode was selectively enriched from activated sludge in a dual-chamber BESs operated with acetate as a co-substrate, allowing concurrent sulfamethoxazole (SMX) removal and bioelectricity generation. The bioanode achieved complete SMX removal (100%) at a rate of 0.60 ± 0.05 g/m 3 ·d, while concurrently producing a stable current output of 0.98 ± 0.03 mA and a power density of 292 ± 1.32 mW/m 2 . Analysis of the intermediates indicated that cleavage of the SMX isoxazole ring serves as the primary transformation pathway, accompanied by secondary pathways including cleavage of the sulfur‑nitrogen (S N) bond, isomerization, and acetylation/hydroxylation. Integrated metagenomics and DNA-Stable Isotope Probing revealed synergistic interactions within a specialized microbial consortium in the anodic biofilm, comprising electroactive bacteria (e.g., Geobacter ) and specialized SMX assimilators (e.g., Castellaniella and Pandoraea ) and SMX degraders (e.g., Desulfovibrio , and Rhodocyclaceae ). Notably, Geobacter played multifunctional roles in SMX biotransformation, assimilation, and extracellular electron transfer. Metagenomic analysis further demonstrated that electrical stimulation significantly enriched genes encoding NADH-dehydrogenases, electron transfer flavoproteins, and degradation-associated hydrogenases, which collectively facilitated electron flow and promoted cleavage of the critical isoxazole ring. These findings provide novel insights into the syntrophic microbial networks and genetic determinants driving efficient antibiotic removal at the bioanode. Download: Download high-res image (208KB) Download: Download full-size image
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BIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY
·
2025
·Vol. 39
·期 12
·e70235
·
IF 1.7
Xiangxiang Fu,Jiao Fu,Haibiao Gong,Lili Zhong,FangLing Wang,MengYu Mei,Bingli Zhang,Wenya Xu,Xian Zhang,Min Wang,Wanyang Sun,Lei Yang
This study aimed to develop a high-throughput and high-sensitivity method for simultaneously determining trimethoprim (TMP), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and its metabolite acetyl- N -sulfamethoxazole (NSMX) in critically ill patients' plasma. The samples were precipitated using methanol and then purified using the Oasis PRiME HLB solid-phase extraction column. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of 40% 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and 60% acetonitrile, with a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min. Analyses were conducted using UPLC-Q-Exactive Plus Orbitrap mass spectrometry in positive ion mode. With only 50 μL of plasma required for accurate quantification, this method was applicable for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). Validation demonstrated precision and accuracy within 15% of nominal values. The samples remained stable for 12 h at 4°C and −20°C and for 15 days at −20°C and −80°C, which ensured the reliability of the method during sample storage and handling under different environmental conditions. The method can be applied for concentration monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies, enabling TDM and dose adjustments for critically ill patients. This approach will enhance patient outcomes and reduce medical resource waste, offering reliable sensitivity and specificity to support precision medicine in critical care.
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SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
·
2026
·
IF 4.8
Mengyu Su,Zheng Liu,Long Jing,Qirong Lu,Xiangfei Kong,Xiaoling Luo,Guo-Cheng Han
The overuse of sulfonamide drugs has led to serious ecological problems. A “on-off” ratiometric fluorescence paper-based sensor was developed based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs).This sensor integrates the high specificity of the MIP with the high sensitivity and visual detection capabilities of ratiometric fluorescence and has significant advantages in terms of detection limit and anti-interference ability for the detection of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) residues in animal-derived foods. A visual detection system was established by coupling the sensor with a smartphone. The results showed that a linear relationship was observed between the SMZ concentration in the range of 0.01–20.00 μM and the fluorescence intensity ratio (F 630 /F 550 ) (R 2 = 0.9970). The detection limit was determined to be 67.9 nM. The spiked recovery rates ranged from 94.30% to 101.06%, with a relative standard deviation of less than 3.02%. The developed method has the advantages of simple operation and low cost, providing a feasible solution for the rapid detection of sulfonamide drug residues and having a promising practical application prospect.
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WATER RESEARCH
·
2026
·
IF 12.4
Sihan Zhang,Jiaxing Lu,Lin-lan Zhuang,Huacheng Xu,Guoqiang Wang,Mingde Ji,Qiang Kong,Zhen Hu,Jian Zhang
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) present in tailwater from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) poses a significant threat to ecosystems. Sulfur-based constructed wetlands (CW-S), employed as post-treatment processes in WWTPs, exhibit inadequate removal efficiency for SMX stemming from inefficient electron transfer. Herein, we added pyrite to CW-S (CW-FeS 2 /S) to stimulate sulfur redox cycling, thereby achieving efficient electron transfer, and explored the underlying mechanisms of SMX removal and detoxification. The results revealed that CW-FeS 2 /S presented the highest total inorganic nitrogen (81.15 ± 5.64%) and SMX (79.02 ± 11.41%) removal, with a 62.77% enhancement in SMX removal relative to CW-S. Pyrite addition enhanced sulfur oxidation-reduction cycles in CW-FeS 2 /S and increased electron transport system activity by 1.94-fold compared to CW-S. Besides, the activation of sulfur-cycling in CW-FeS 2 /S significantly contributed to the breakdown of S−N and N−O bonds, along with microbial-mediated ring-opening reactions, leading to improved mineralization of SMX and a notable reduction in toxicity. Microbial analysis proved that CW-FeS 2 /S enriched Microbacterium and Nocardioides , which were capable of cross-feeding via extracellular electron transfer (EET) mediated by sulfur-cycling to facilitate SMX mineralization. The abundances of sulfur-cycling bacteria and functional genes related to sulfur oxidation and electron transport increased in CW-FeS 2 /S, providing evidence for active sulfur-cycling. Co-occurrence analysis revealed that CW-FeS 2 /S not only increased microbial network complexity and connectivity but also strengthened cooperative interactions among microorganisms. This study supplied a promising technique for simultaneous N and SMX removal from tailwater, and offered insights into microbial mediated sulfur cycle for SMX removal and detoxification mechanisms in constructed wetlands.
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ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
·
2023
·
IF 8.9
Xiaolong Yu,Xu Jin,Meng Li,Yuanyuan Yu,Hang Liu,Rujin Zhou,Aiguo Yin,Junyi Shi,Jianteng Sun,Lizhong Zhu
Recently, sodium percarbonate (SPC) as a solid substitute for H 2 O 2 has aroused extensive attention in advanced oxidation processes . In current work, the degradation kinetics and mechanisms of antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) by ultraviolet (UV) driven SPC system were explored. The removal efficiency of SMX was enhanced as the increasing dosage of SPC. Moreover, hydroxyl radical (•OH), carbonate radical (CO 3 •− ) and superoxide radical (O 2 •− ) were verified to be presented by scavenger experiments and •OH, CO 3 •− exhibited a significant role in SMX degradation. Reactions mediated by these radicals were affected by anions and natural organic matters, implying that an incomplete mineralization of SMX would be ubiquitous. The screening four intermediates and transformation patterns of SMX were verified by DFT analysis. Metabolomic analysis demonstrated that a decreasing negative effect in E. coli after 24 h exposure was induced by intermediates products. In detail, SMX interfered in some key functional metabolic pathways including carbohydrate metabolism , pentose and glucuronate metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, which were mitigated after UV/SPC oxidation treatment, suggesting a declining environmental risk of SMX. This work provided new insights into biological impacts of SMX and its transformation products and vital guidance for SMX pollution control using UV/SPC technology .
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危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）