CATALYSIS LETTERS
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2026
·Vol. 156
·期 3
·76
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IF 2.5
Khan Khyrullah,Wang Wei,Chang Zhidong,Dong Bin
The innovation for highly effective solid acid catalysts that resist impurities is crucial for enhancing sustainable esterification and transesterification processes, which are vital for biofuel production and green chemistry. In this work, tungsten-modified sulfated titania (WO₃/SO₄ 2 ⁻/TiO₂) catalyst was prepared through the impregnation method and subsequently calcined at 550 °C to assess the impact of tungsten impurity on its structural and catalytic properties. The catalyst was characterized through FT-IR, XRD, NH 3 -TPD, and BET surface area analysis. These analyses revealed that the presence of sulfate and tungsten species inhibited TiO₂ crystallization, improving the textural properties and increasing surface acidity. The 5 wt.% WO₃/SO₄ 2 ⁻/TiO₂ catalyst demonstrated the largest surface area (35.99 m 2 /g) and total acidity (1.20 mmol NH₃/g). This catalyst achieved 86.4% conversion in the reaction of transesterification of ethyl acetate and n-butanol at 100 °C for 3 h. The enhanced catalytic performance and selectivity were attributed to the synergistic interaction between WO₃ and SO₄ 2 ⁻, resulting in the formation of Lewis-Bronsted acid sites. This study provides important insights into how tungsten affects the structure and acidity of sulfated titania, which could guide the design of more efficient, impurity-tolerant solid acid catalysts for environmentally sustainable chemical processes. Graphical
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2026
·
IF 10.4
Hongli Chao,Jing Wang,Yi Wang,Jing Tian,Yi Yang
Flavor esters are extensively used in food and cosmetic industries, yet their sustainable production remains challenging. This study developed a lipase bioreactor through artificial antibody-antigen-mediated immobilization for biocatalytic flavor ester synthesis via transesterification. Artificial antigens were prepared by lipase modification with p -nitrobenzaldehyde, while artificial antibodies were synthesized using 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3-dioxolane (acetal-protected p -nitrobenzaldehyde analogue) as template molecules. These components self-assembled into immobilized lipase with 82.24 ± 0.13% immobilization efficiency, 17.59 ± 0.12 mg/g capacity, and 8.81 ± 0.27 U/mg specific activity. Integrating molecular simulations with acyl donor screening, the bioreactor achieved 97.18 ± 0.93% yield for cinnamyl acetate synthesis from cinnamyl alcohol and vinyl acetate. The system demonstrated exceptional continuous catalysis and scalability, confirming industrial translation potential. Successful synthesis of cinnamyl butyrate (86.25 ± 3.34%) and benzyl acetate (90.68 ± 2.25%) further established its versatility as a platform for diverse flavor ester production.
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ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2018
·
IF 6.14
Yuqin Xiao,Mingming Zheng,Zengshe Liu,Jie Shi,Fenghong Huang,Xiaogang Luo
Continuous flow bioreactors have received increasing attention due to their automated high-throughput continuous processing. Cellulose acetate (CA), which is eco-friendly, renewable, and easily accessed, was made into monoliths with interconnected macropores and mesopores on the skeleton by the method of thermally induced phase separation (TIPS). A continuous flow bioreactor was prepared by the immobilization of lipase on the skeleton of CA monolith (CA-MN). Benefiting from the hierarchical structure, the monolith skeletons with mesopores (15.6 nm) serve as a suitable space for lipase immobilization, and the interconnected macropores (3–5 μm) with controllable permeability make the accommodated lipase more accessible to the substrates. Based on this monolithic bioreactor, an ultrafast continuous esterification/transesterification method with more than 90% conversion was developed. Compared to conventional batch reaction modes, the kinetic parameter Vm/Km increased by 66.4-fold, and the catalysis effect (CE) increased by 6.1-fold. The monolithic continuous flow bioreactor (MCFB) enabled enzymatic esterification/transesterification to be completed in 10 min and to continue uninterrupted for 200 h, which set the highest productivity record for phytosterol esters (422 g/g monolith) without loss of catalytic activity. The novel MCFB with high catalytic activity, high stability, easy separation, scale-up, and automation introduces new expectations for sustainable development of industrial catalysis.
研究领域:
生物工程
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催化化学
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材料科学
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ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2024
·
IF 4.4
Feng Liu,Linsheng Wang,Simeng Xiang,Xiang Lin,Jiao Feng,Hongyu Yang,Xiaming Feng,Chaojun Wan
Epoxy vitrimers combine the advantages of thermosetting and thermoplastic materials, making them an ideal alternative to traditional thermosetting resins. However, the fabrication of high-performance flame-retardant epoxy vitrimers remains a challenge. In this study, utilizing (2-carboxyethyl)phenylphosphinic acid (CEPPA) as a curing agent, we facilely fabricated a dual-dynamic epoxy vitrimer incorporating carboxylate esters and phosphonate esters (CEEP). Compared to traditional epoxy resin (DDEP), the epoxy vitrimer exhibited tensile strength comparable to traditional epoxy resins and significantly outperformed in terms of Young’s modulus. In comparison to carboxylate ester epoxy vitrimer (PAEP), CEEP demonstrated improved solvent resistance and the ability for recycling without the need for a catalyst. Additionally, CEEP exhibited outstanding flame retardancy, achieving a V-0 rating in UL-94 testing, with a remarkable 66.9% reduction in peak heat release rate (PHRR) and a significant 34.5% decrease in total heat release (THR) in cone calorimetry test compared to DDEP. The work offers a promising way for the facile fabrication of high-performance flame-retardant epoxy vitrimers.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
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INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
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2019
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IF 3.375
Yongli Sun,Xiang Gao,Na Yang,Xiaowei Tantai,Xiaoming Xiao,Bin Jiang,Luhong Zhang
With the aim of simultaneously achieving synthesis and morphology control of three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical layered double hydroxide (LDH) by more efficient and environmentally friendly methods, a facile and cost-efficient double-drop coprecipitation method was creatively applied to fabricate 3D flowerlike microstructures (Al2O3-MgAl-LDHs) using γ-Al2O3 as a sacrificial template. The morphology evolution process and growth characteristics of Al2O3-MgAl-LDHs were investigated in detail, revealing that γ-Al2O3 not only provides an effective support for the crystal growth of LDH but also is involved in the LDH layer formation process through self-decomposition. More importantly, LDH morphologies can be regulated by varying the reaction conditions, such as the γ-Al2O3 concentration, Mg2+/Al3+ molar ratio, and pH. Additionally, a possible formation mechanism for 3D hierarchical flowerlike Al2O3-MgAl-LDHs was illustrated. Remarkably, owing to the high specific surface area and low/medium/high-strength basic sites, the as-obtained LDH after calcination exhibited excellent catalytic activity and reusability in the transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate.
研究领域:
材料科学
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催化
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化学工程
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纳米技术
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ENERGY & FUELS
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2020
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IF 3.421
Xiaoda Wang,Xin Xu,Qinglian Wang,Zhixian Huang,Jianyang He,Ting Qiu
This work studied the flow pattern and reaction kinetics for fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) synthesis through transesterification of palm oil with methanol in a microchannel reactor. It was observed in the experiments using a high-speed camera that the flow pattern evolved along the microchannels due to the coalescence of adjacent droplets. This coalescence phenomenon had significant effects on the variation trend of FAME yield along the microchannels. The influences of catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, and reactant molar ratio on the flow pattern were systematically investigated. It was the first successful attempt to determine the kinetics data for the transesterification of palm oil with methanol in the first 120 s, owing to the use of microchannel reactors. A pseudo-homogeneous model was used to describe the reaction kinetics of FAME synthesis in microchannels. This model performed well at the condition that the reaction equilibrium was reached before the occurrence of droplet coalescence.
研究领域:
化学工程
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生物化工
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Royal Society Open Science
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2018
·Vol. 5
·期 11
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IF 2.504
Chao Chen,Lei Cai,Xinchen Shangguan,Liang Li,Yanping Hong,Guoqiang Wu
Developing high-efficiency hetero-catalysts for transesterification reaction is of great importance in the production of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas L. seed oil (JO). Here, we synthesized a series of sulfated TiO2 by treating with varying H2SO4 concentration (SO42−/TiO2) and TiO2 catalysts and applied to the transesterification of JO. Furthermore, these heterostructures were characterized by many characterization methods including XRD, FT-IR, N2-adsorption, SEM, TEM, TG, py-IR and NH3-TPD, and their catalytic performance was investigated under various operating conditions. The results reveal that both the Brønsted and Lewis acid sites are presented in the SO42−/TiO2 catalysts, while only Lewis-type sites are observed in the TiO2 catalyst. And the acid intensity, surface area and mesoporous volume of catalysts are improved obviously after treating TiO2 with sulfuric acid. Then the SO42−/TiO2 catalysts exhibit much higher catalytic activity than TiO2 catalyst, which is attributed to the larger surface area and mesoporous volume and stronger acidity. Furthermore, the reusability behaviour of 1.5 SO42−/TiO2 catalyst in the transesterification of JO was also studied.
研究领域:
催化化学
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可再生能源
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纳米材料
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Processes
·
2023
·Vol. 11
·期 6
·1810
·
IF 3.5
Jichao Sun,Hewei Yu,Peisen Zhang,Gaoyu Qi,Xiuxiu Chen,Xiaohui Liang,Hongyu Si
For further resource utilization of solid waste steel slag and the reduction in biodiesel production costs, this study used steel slag as a carrier to synthesize a CaO-CeO2/slag solid base catalyst for the effective transesterification of palm oil into fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). The synthesis involved a two-step impregnation of steel slag with nitrate of calcium and cerium and thermal activation at 800 °C for 180 min. Then, the catalysts’ textural, chemical, and CO2temperature-programmed desorption properties were characterized. The catalytic activity depended highly on the ratio of Ca-Ce to steel slag mass; the CaO-CeO2/slag-0.8 catalyst showed outstanding performance. Characterization showed that the surface area and total basicity of the Ca-Ce/slag-0.8 catalyst were 3.66 m2/g and 1.289 mmol/g, respectively. The reactivity results showed that FAMEs obtained using 7 wt.% catalyst, 9:1 of methanol-to-palm-oil molar ratio, 180 min reaction duration, and 70 °C reaction temperature was optimum (i.e., 95.3% yield). In addition, the CaO-CeO2/slag-0.8 catalyst could be reused for at least three cycles, retaining 91.2% of FAMEs yield after n-hexane washing. Hence, the catalyst exhibits an excellent potential for cost-effective and environmentally friendly biodiesel production.Keywords:steel slag;calcium oxide;cerium oxide;transesterification;biodiesel
研究领域:
化学工程
·
环境科学
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APPLIED CLAY SCIENCE
·
2023
·
IF 5.6
Qiming She,Minyang Qiu,Kejin Li,Jiahui Liu,Chunhui Zhou
Montmorillonite (Mt) as a solid acid catalyst or support has been widely used in catalytic reactions . However, the existence and catalytic activities of its surface basic sites have rarely been revealed. Here, the surface and structure of Na-Mt are modulated by thermal treatment, providing both acidic and basic sites for the transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) to glycerol carbonate (GLC). The experimental results showed that the thermally activated Na-Mt exhibited bifunctional catalytic properties in glycerol transesterification. The Na-Mt calcined at 400 °C had a basic site density of 1.38 mmol/g and led to a glycerol conversion of 96.8% and a GLC yield of 94.5%. Edge surfaces of Na-Mt provided M II (M III ) atoms as Lewis acidic sites for facilitating the generation of glyceroxide anions from activated glycerol and -M-OH groups as Brønsted and Lewis basic sites for enhancing the carbonyl activation of DMC. This work revealed the co-existence of acidic and basic sites over thermally activated Na-Mt for synergetic catalysis in the transesterification of glycerol to GLC, making the development of Mt-based materials as bifunctional catalysts for one-pot acid-base catalytic processes possible.
研究领域:
催化化学
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材料科学
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FUEL
·
2026
·
IF 7.8
Xin Li,Jisen Liu,Shengli Niu,Yie Hua Tan,Huaji Zhang,Yue Zheng,Xiaobin Sun,Kemeng Li,Yujie Wei
The coexistence of free fatty acids (FFAs) and moisture in biodiesel feedstock oils poses major limitations for conventional basic catalytic systems, which motivates the development of heterogeneous catalysts capable of promoting transesterification and esterification. In this work, a Mn-doped perovskite catalyst, BiFe 0.7 Mn 0.3 O 3 , was synthesized using BiFeO 3 as the matrix for biodiesel preparation. Mn doping disrupted the lattice charge balance of BiFeO 3 , which induced lattice distortion and promoted the formation of oxygen vacancies. These structural changes regulated the surface electronic environment and optimized the distribution of acidic-basic active sites. Under optimized reaction conditions of 140 °C, 3.5 h, methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 14:1, and catalyst amount of 3.0 wt%, BiFe 0.7 Mn 0.3 O 3 achieved a biodiesel yield of 95.20%. Even in reaction systems containing 30 wt% FFAs or 8 wt% moisture, the biodiesel yield remained above 80.00%, which confirms its strong resistance to FFAs and moisture-containing feedstocks. Mechanistic analysis reveals that Mn doping-induced oxygen vacancies create an optimized surface acid-base environment that enables the simultaneous promotion of transesterification and esterification reactions. Moreover, BiFe 0.7 Mn 0.3 O 3 exhibits favorable magnetic responsiveness, which enables rapid separation and recovery under an external magnetic field after reaction. Combined with the low synthesis cost and recyclability, this catalyst shows strong potential for sustainable biodiesel preparation from low-quality feedstock oils.
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Molecular Catalysis
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2026
·
IF 4.3
Xiaofei Ma,Shijiao Hao,Hui Jiang,Weiqian Qi,Hefang Wang
Cu-Al mixed oxide catalysts (CxA-LDO), prepared via calcination of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) precursors, were investigated for the transesterification of propylene carbonate (PC) with methanol to dimethyl carbonate (DMC). Characterization demonstrated that calcination temperature and the Cu/Al molar ratio critically influence the surface basicity properties and structural stability. Under optimized conditions (80 °C, 2 h, 2.0 wt% loading, MeOH/PC = 10:1), the C 0.5 A-400-LDO catalyst achieved 57.93% PC conversion and 57.29% DMC yield (TON = 28.94). Surface basicity was identified as the key governing factor for the reaction. This conclusion is supported by a strong correlation observed between the reaction rate and the number of total basic sites. However, the catalyst deactivated significantly over six cycles (PC conversion dropped from 57.93% to 47.2%), which ICP-AES analysis unambiguously attributed to significant copper leaching (8.1 wt.% net loss) rather than sintering. Kinetic analysis revealed a complex reaction mechanism that could be simplified to pseudo-first-order reaction behavior. The activation energies were determined to be Ea( k + ) = 51.61 kJ·mol -1 for the forward reaction and Ea(k - ) = 55.34 kJ·mol -1 for the reverse reaction. Concurrently, a hybrid genetic algorithm-optimized backpropagation (GA-BP) neural network was developed. Compared to conventional BP, the GA-BP model demonstrated superior predictive accuracy (R 2 = 0.997 for training set and 0.977 for testing set) and exhibited significantly reduced error metrics. This study not only contributes to the fundamental understanding of base-catalyzed transesterification but also introduces a synergistic experimental-computational strategy applicable to rational catalyst design.
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Molecular Catalysis
·
2025
·
IF 4.9
Hafsa Aftab,Jiajun Zhang,Yan Cao,Fengqin Guo,Shuang Xu,Peng He,Huiquan Li,Liguo Wang
Cyclic carbonates are valuable green chemicals with wide-ranging applications, but their conventional synthesis often involves toxic reagents or inefficient catalytic systems. In this work, zirconia catalysts with different crystalline phases (tetragonal, monoclinic, and mixed-phase) were developed and evaluated for the transesterification of 1,2-butanediol with dimethyl carbonate. The tetragonal ZrO 2 ( t -ZrO 2 ) exhibited superior catalytic activity (space-time yield of 41.76 g 1,2-BC g cat. −1 h −1 ) due to favorable surface properties and exposed active (101) facet. This study establishes a green, efficient route for 1,2-butylene carbonate synthesis, providing key insights into catalyst structure-activity relationships.
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