Applied Sciences-Basel
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2019
·Vol. 9
·期 5
·956
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IF 2.217
Huifeng Shi,Xianqiang Liu,Rui Wu,Yijing Zheng,Yonghe Li,Xiaopeng Cheng,Wilhelm Pfleging,Yuefei Zhang
In situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) offers a good way to investigate the structural evolution during lithiation and delithiation processes. In this paper, the dynamical morphological evolution of 3D-line-structured/unstructured Si/C composite electrodes was observed by in situ SEM. The investigation revealed the microstructural origin of large charge capacity for 3D-line-structured anodes. Based on this proposed mechanism, a coarse optimization of 3D-line-structured anodes was proposed. These results shed light on the unique advantages of using an in situ SEM technique when studying realistic bulk batteries and designing 3D electrode structures.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2021
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IF 13.273
Dan Cai,Xianzhang Wu,Jiayuan Xiang,Min Li,Han Su,Xinhong Qi,Xiuli Wang,Xinhui Xia,Changdong Gu,Jiangping Tu
Polyethylene oxide (PEO) based solid electrolyte has gained widespread interests owing to its excellent processability, acceptable ionic conductivity and low interfacial resistance toward electrodes. However, the extremely poor compatibility between PEO-based electrolyte and high-voltage cathode restricts its application in high-energy-density batteries, and recent researches indicate that it is also unstable to the Li anode. In this work, a stable ionic-liquid-containing poly(vinylidenefluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP)-based electrolyte (IPL) with high ionic conductivity is engineered as an interlayer in PEO-based solid-state batteries, and the experimental results demonstrate that the IPL interlayer can effectively suppress the interfacial side reactions and helps to form a stable interface between PEO-based solid electrolyte and LiCoO 2 (LCO) cathode under high voltage. Moreover, the interlayer can enable stable Li stripping and plating for over 1000 h at 0.1 mA cm −2 , exhibiting an excellent stability against the Li anode. Therefore, the LCO/Li cells assembled with the IPL interlayer modified PEO-based electrolyte show high discharge capacity of 144.3 mAh g −1 and 169.7 mAh g −1 at 0.2 C under different voltage of 4.3 V and 4.5 V, and the capacity retention is 85.9% and 82.7% after 100 cycles, respectively. This study provides a novel idea for constructing high-performance PEO-based high-voltage solid-state Li batteries.
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JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
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2026
·
IF 9.6
Yan Li,Haoquan Zhao,Sihai Bi,Ruopeng Li,Xingchen Ma,Yehao Zhang,Hanzhang Wang,Jiayi Xu,Yaqiang Li,Chuankai Fu,Yulin Ma,Peixia Yang
Sulfide-based quasi-solid-state batteries (QSSBs) are severely limited by heterogeneous electrochemical reactions and interfacial chemo-mechanical instability within composite cathodes, which lead to contact degradation, sluggish reaction kinetics, and rapid capacity decay during cycling. Herein, a trace amount of an imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL) additive, composed of 1 M lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) dissolved in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([BMIM][TFSI]) (denoted as MI14), is introduced as a multifunctional interfacial modifier to regulate both cathode microstructure and interfacial chemical evolution. Owing to its superior wetting capability, the trace IL redistributes along interparticle boundaries during composite cathode fabrication, thereby mitigating localized strain accumulation and mechanical deformation. Consequently, interparticle contact continuity is improved, promoting a more uniform ionic-flux distribution within the electrode architecture. Meanwhile, localized electrochemical decomposition of the IL induces the in situ formation of a robust LiF-rich cathode–electrolyte interphase (CEI), which suppresses parasitic interfacial reactions and stabilizes interfacial Li + transport. Multiscale characterizations combined with finite-element simulations reveal that the synergistic structural and chemical regulation sustains continuous ionic percolation pathways and preserves interfacial integrity throughout prolonged cycling. Consequently, Li–In|Li 6 PS 5 Cl|LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 cells achieve 80% capacity retention after 1750 cycles at 1C and deliver a high discharge capacity of 92 mAh g −1 at 5C under 25 MPa. This work demonstrates an effective trace-additive strategy for mitigating coupled chemo-mechanical degradation in sulfide-based QSSBs. Download: Download high-res image (119KB) Download: Download full-size image
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JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
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2025
·
IF 9
Ning Liu,Jie Wang,Huiyu Yang,Fan Cheng,Shuguang Bi,Guoliang Liu,Ying Ou,Hai Liu,Chunli Gong
In order to improve the proton conductivity, CH 3 OH barrier performance and long-term durability of proton exchange membranes in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), herein, a novel functional nanofiber substrate (IL-ZIF-8@PVDF) was prepared by in situ growing metal-organic framework (ZIF-8) on poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofibers, followed by modification with ionic liquid (IL) containing sulfonic acid groups. PVDF nanofibers can provide flexible mechanical support for ZIF-8, thereby effectively solving the processing difficulties of ZIF-8 caused by its brittleness. Further IL modification of ZIF-8 can not only increase the compatibility between ZIF-8@PVDF and the filling polymer, but also utilize the continuous PVDF nanofiber network to establish long-distance continuous H + transport pathways within the membrane. The as-prepared sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) impregnated IL-ZIF-8@PVDF composite membrane showed a very high proton conductivity of 161.92 mS cm −1 (80 °C). Meanwhile, the presence of nanofiber backbone and ZIF-8 inside the membrane effectively limited the swelling and methanol permeation. The peak power density (PPD) of the DMFC output equipped with the membrane is up to 114.86 mW cm −2 (2 M methanol, 80 °C), 1.28 times that of the commercial Nafion 211. The durability test suggested that the composite membrane assembled DMFC possessed excellent open circuit voltage stability (only 6.3 % attenuation after 320 h of continuous testing). This work provides a new design idea for PEMs for DMFCs.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2026
·
IF 12.5
Xinyu Xiao,Yaoxian Hu,Binbin Zhou,Hui Su,Wensen Liu,Zhaowu Zhu,Tao Qi,Zeng Wei
A 6-Bipi/[NTf 2 ] − synergistic system for Li extraction from brine was developed. • Superior Li + selectivity over Na + , Mg 2+ , and Ca 2+ was achieved. • SC-XRD confirmed the tetrahedral coordination structure of [Li(6-Bipi) 2 ][NTf 2 ]. • DFT and IRI analyses revealed methyl steric hindrance as a driver of selectivity. Efficient Li + extraction from brine rich in Na + , Mg 2+ , and Ca 2+ is crucial for meeting the ever-growing demand for Li. This paper proposes a novel Li + extraction system based on the N-heterocyclic chelating ligand 6,6′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine (6-Bipi) and the ionic liquid bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([NTf 2 ] − ), enabling highly selective Li + extraction from complex brine. A systematic investigation of how methyl substitution positions on the bipyridine rings regulate on the extraction performance revealed that the precise steric hindrance introduced by ortho-methyl substitution substantially enhances the separation of Li + from Mg 2+ , Na + , and Ca 2+ . Single-crystal X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of a four-coordinate distorted tetrahedral complex, [Li(6-Bipi) 2 ][NTf 2 ], which serves as the extractant. Density functional theory calculations helped elucidate the microscopic mechanism underlying the extraction selectivity through thermodynamic, electronic structure, and energy analyses, confirming that the steric hindrance of the ortho-methyl group is the primary driver of the high selectivity. Under optimal conditions, the single-stage Li + extraction efficiency of this system reached 92.2%, while the extraction efficiencies of Na + , Mg 2+ , and Ca 2+ remained below 5%. Even in brine with a Li + concentration as low as 0.02 mol/L, the system maintained excellent Li + extraction performance (73%). This study presents a novel Li + extraction system characterized by high selectivity and strong adaptability to complex brine and provides a valuable theoretical basis and experimental support for the molecular design of N-heterocyclic Li extractants. Download: Download high-res image (201KB) Download: Download full-size image
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SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2026
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IF 9.1
Xiankun Wu,Chenyang Xu,Weijian Xiong,Qiang Zhang,Wentao Zheng,Xiaomin Zhang,Youting Wu
The efficient and selective capture of SO 2 from flue gas remains a critical challenge due to the high viscosity and poor SO 2 /CO 2 selectivity of conventional functionalized ionic liquids (FILs). Herein, a series of carboxylate-functionalized ionic liquids based on tetraethylammonium ([N 2222 ]) with different anions (DMG, NA, ImAc) were synthesized, and high-boiling sulfolane (SUL), ethylene glycol (EG), and N -methylpyrrolidone (NMP) were introduced as co-solvents to reduce viscosity and tune the interaction environment. Among all systems, the [N 2222 ][ImAc]-SUL mixed solvent exhibited the best comprehensive performance, achieving an ultrahigh SO 2 absorption capacity of 15.9 mol/kg at 293.2 K and an outstanding SO 2 /CO 2 selectivity of 36.0. Combined FT-IR and NMR characterizations with DFT calculations and molecular dynamics simulations revealed a multi-site synergistic mechanism: the carboxylate oxygen (−COO − ) serves as the primary chemisorption site (ΔH = −67.9 kJ/mol), the sp 2 -hybridized imidazole nitrogen provides auxiliary coordination, and sulfolane contributes physical solvation via dipole–dipole interactions. Furthermore, the system demonstrated satisfactory cyclic stability over five absorption–desorption cycles at a mild regeneration temperature of 343.2 K. This work provides a highly promising absorbent for industrial SO 2 emission control and offers mechanistic insights for designing selective acid gas capture systems.
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POLYMER
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2026
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IF 5.1
Chaohang Xu,Yongqiang Ye,Fei Xiao,Yajun Huang
Ionic liquids (ILs), as a new class of environmentally friendly and highly efficient flame retardants, have been rarely applied to thermoplastic polymers due to their intrinsic liquid nature. In this study, a facile and low-cost strategy was developed to introduce a phosphorus-containing ionic liquid (PIL) into the structure of expandable graphite (EG), forming a hybrid flame retardant (PIL@EG) for improving the fire safety and thermal conductivity of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The results demonstrated that by combining physical ( i.e., EG) and chemical ( i.e., PIL) intumescent strategies, the TPU composite containing 15 wt% PIL@EG achieved a UL-94 V-0 rating and exhibited an increased limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 30.8%. Cone calorimeter test (CCT) results revealed that, compared with neat TPU, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of the TPU/15 EG and TPU/15PIL@EG composites decreased by 82.6% and 82.8%, respectively, while the corresponding total heat release were reduced by 29.4% and 47.3%, respectively. The incorporation of PIL@EG effectively retarded the thermal degradation rate of TPU, enhanced the thermal stability, and suppressed the emission of volatile degradation products during combustion. Meanwhile, the thermal conductivity of TPU/15PIL@EG was significantly enhanced, reaching 0.82 W/m·K, which corresponds to increases of 204% and 22.4% compared with neat TPU and TPU/15 EG, respectively. Overall, this study not only demonstrates the great potential of ionic liquids in thermoplastic systems but also provides new insights into their functionalization and multi-field applications.
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APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
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2026
·
IF 19.7
Ruirui Wang,Hasnain Nawaz,Linbo Huang,Sheng Zhong,Shuang Wei,Bin He,Ruixia Liu,Suojiang Zhang
Electrochemical CO 2 reduction to highly selective ethylene is particularly desirable yet challenging. The competition between methane and ethylene in the CO 2 RR process underscores the critical necessity of designing the catalyst for ethylene by suppressing the methane pathway. Herein, we introduced controllable Cu(II)/Cu(I) interfaces by regulating the ratio of ionic liquids (ILs) and H 2 O. The Cu x O-IL4 catalyst with main CuO/Cu 2 O structure, exhibits a high Faraday efficiency toward C 2 H 4 (∼54 %) and less CH 4 (∼1 %) under 250 mA·cm −2 current density at −1.18 V (vs RHE). Experimental and theoretical analyses demonstrate that Cu(I) sites favor CO bridge formation, while Cu(II) sites preferentially generate CO atop on Cu x O-IL4 catalysts. The Cu(II)/Cu(I) interface in Cu x O-IL4 facilitates the generation of CO bridge intermediates, thereby lowering the energy barrier for *CO dimerization and also preventing *CO hydrogenation to CH 4 formation, thus enhancing the selectivity of CO 2 -to-ethylene conversion. The study provides a novel approach for precisely controlling CO adsorption configurations to enhance CO 2 RR selectivity toward high-value multicarbon products formation.
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APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 6.6
Tianxiang Zhang,Lihong Guo,Wenlei Xie,Shuaixia Hou,Shanshan Li,Yifan Li
In this study, a heterogeneous polyoxometalate-ionic liquid hybrid catalyst was successfully constructed on a hierarchical porous ZrTiO 4 support for one-pot biodiesel production from acidic oils. The three-dimensional ordered macro-mesoporous structure of the catalyst significantly facilitated reactant diffusion and increased the accessibility of active sites, leading to superior catalytic activity compared to non-hierarchical analogues. The immobilized polyoxometalate-ionic liquid composite functioned as integrated Brønsted-Lewis acid sites, substantially boosting the overall acidity. This catalyst demonstrated high efficiency in simultaneously converting triglycerides and free fatty acids into biodiesel. Under optimized reaction conditions, including a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 35:1, a temperature of 130 °C, a catalyst loading of 8 wt%, and a reaction time of 6 h, it achieved 92.7% oil conversion alongside complete conversion of free fatty acids. Kinetic analysis revealed an ultralow activation energy of 35.2 kJ·mol −1 , which is significantly lower than values reported in the literature. In addition, the catalyst demonstrated robust tolerance to both water and free fatty acids in the feedstocks and retained significant activity after five reuses, showing great potential for sustainable biodiesel production from low-cost feedstocks.
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LANGMUIR
·
2026
·
IF 4.4
Tingyu Li,Yixin Wang,Li Hao,Yiping Sun,Shujuan Liu,Qian Ye,Feng Zhou
Herein, nitrogen, phosphorus, and fluorine codoped MXene (N,P,F-MXene) was synthesized via thermal treatment using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM][PF6]) as the doping precursor. Comprehensive characterization confirmed the effective incorporation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and fluorine into the MXene lattice. Tribological testing revealed that N,P,F-MXene demonstrated excellent performance as an additive in lubrication, showing significantly reduced friction and wear. Specifically, it achieved an average COF of 0.109 and reduced wear volume by 62.5% versus the base oil. Furthermore, the N,P,F-MXene-based lubricant exhibited good adaptability under extreme operating conditions, sustaining stable tribological behavior over a broad load, frequency, and temperature range. Notably, its load capacity reached 500 N. Mechanistic analysis indicates that its superior performance originates from the synergistic effects of the physical filling and adsorption of N,P,F-MXene, coupled with the formation of a tribo-chemical film with low shear strength enriched with nitrogen/phosphorus/fluorine compounds and metal oxides in the friction process. This study provides an effective strategy for heteroatom doping of MXene and offers a promising pathway toward high-performance oil-based lubricant additives.
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Small
·
2026
·
IF 11.8
Qiang Wu,Yi Li,Xiyang Xu,Zhao Xu,Zhenyu Gao,Rongqing Xu,Jin Zhao,Yanwen Ma
Ionic liquid-based quasi-solid polymer electrolytes (ILQSPEs) are promising for flexible and transparent energy storage devices. Nevertheless, owing to the lack of ILQSPEs combining high transparency with efficient ionic transport, their application in flexible transparent lithium-ion batteries (FTLIBs) remains unexplored. To break through this bottleneck, herein we propose a crystallinity regulation strategy for the co-optimization of the electrolyte's crystalline-amorphous phase distribution and ionic transport channels, thereby simultaneously achieving high optical transparency and ionic transport performance. Specifically, the amorphous polymer polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is incorporated into poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP)-based ILQSPEs, and its doping ratio is precisely tuned to modulate the crystallinity of the resulting electrolyte membranes. The optimal membrane (PVDF-HFP/PMMA mass ratio of 4:3) exhibits an outstanding optical transmittance of 88.2%, a satisfactory ionic conductivity of 1.91 × 10 −4 S cm −1 , and a high lithium-ion transference number of 0.55. The optimized electrolyte membranes are integrated into FTLIBs; the devices achieve an unprecedented cycle life of 300 cycles at 5 µA cm −2 with 79.9% capacity retention, along with a high specific capacity of 17.9 µAh cm −2 , a high transparency of 61.2% at 550 nm, and a desirable energy density of 44.8 µWh cm −2 . This work provides a novel ILQSPE design strategy for high-performance FTLIBs.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
Cuizhen Yang,Tianyi Wang,Hao Yuan,Chenghao Yao,Wei Su,Guoqiang Liu,Haiyan He,Dongming Liu,Huajie Huang
A facile, scalable wet-chemical strategy is developed for in-situ Pd nanoclusters anchored on ionic liquid (IL)-modified Ti 3 C 2 T x nanosheets. • IL modification tunes Ti 3 C 2 T x surface charge, improves its stability and antioxidant capacity, and strengthens electrostatic interaction with Pd precursors to form active grain boundaries. • Pd/IL-Ti 3 C 2 T x shows superior FAOR & MOR electrocatalytic performance: high activity, good CO-poisoning resistance and favorable long-term stability. • Theoretical simulations confirm IL - Ti 3 C 2 T x modulates Pd electronic structure, weakens CO adsorption, and enables the enhanced electrocatalytic activity. Both direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC) and direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) with high energy-conversion efficiency have garnered considerable attention against the backdrop of continuously increasing energy demand, while the actual performance largely depends on the catalytic properties of their anode catalysts. In this work, we present a facile and scalable wet-chemical strategy for synthesizing palladium (Pd) nanoclusters in situ anchored on ionic liquid (IL)-modified two-dimensional Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene nanosheets, which are capable to serve as highly efficient anode catalysts for both formic acid and methanol electrooxidation. The incorporation of IL not only effectively tune the surface charge characteristics of Ti 3 C 2 T x nanosheets to enhance their structural stability and antioxidant capacity, but also strengthens the electrostatic interactions between Pd species and substrate to induce the formation of catalytically active grain boundary sites. As a result, the as-obtained Pd/IL-Ti 3 C 2 T x nanostructure exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance for both formic acid and methanol oxidation, including large electrochemically active surface areas, high mass/specific activities, strong CO resistance, and dependable long-term stability, which far outperform that of conventional Pd catalysts supported on carbon black, carbon nanotubes, reduced graphene oxide, and pristine Ti 3 C 2 T x substrates. Theoretical simulations further confirm that the stable configuration and optimized electronic structure of Pd nanoclusters on Ti 3 C 2 T ₓ weaken their CO adsorption ability relative to Pd nanoparticles; this provides the foundation for their dramatically enhanced and sustainable electrocatalytic performance. A facile and scalable wet-chemical strategy is developed to synthesize Pd nanoclusters in situ anchored on ionic liquid (IL)-modified Ti 3 C 2 T ₓ nanosheets. The IL modification enhances the structural stability and antioxidant capacity of the Ti 3 C 2 T ₓ support while promoting the formation of catalytically active grain boundary sites via strengthened electrostatic interactions. The resulting Pd/IL-Ti 3 C 2 T ₓ hybrid exhibits outstanding electrocatalytic performance for both formic acid and methanol oxidation, including high mass/specific activities, superior CO tolerance, and excellent long-term stability. Theoretical simulations reveal that the optimized electronic structure of Pd nanoclusters weakens CO adsorption, underpinning the enhanced and sustainable performance. Download: Download high-res image (133KB) Download: Download full-size image
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危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）