PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER
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2026
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IF 3.2
Chang Feng,Qian Jing,Li Tang,Jiangping Jing,Ruiling Wang,Zhuoyuan Chen
S-C 3 N 4 /Mg(OH) 2 heterojunction photocatalyst was synthesized via a simple ball-milling method. • S-C 3 N 4 /Mg(OH) 2 exhibited significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance. • S-C 3 N 4 /Mg(OH) 2 demonstrated stable photocatalytic activity in complex ionic environments. • The photocatalytic reaction mechanism of S-C 3 N 4 /Mg(OH) 2 was proposed in this work. This work fabricated a type II 2D/2D S-doped graphitic carbon nitride/magnesium hydroxide (S-C 3 N 4 /Mg(OH) 2 ) heterojunction photocatalyst via a straightforward ball-milling method. The Mg(OH) 2 nanosheets are uniformly dispersed on the surface of S-C 3 N 4 , forming a well-developed heterojunction structure. The S-C 3 N 4 /Mg(OH) 2 composite material was employed as a photocatalyst and exhibited high efficiency in degrading tetracycline and methyl orange in an aqueous environment. The optimized S-C 3 N 4 /Mg(OH) 2 -30 composite demonstrated superior photocatalytic performance, achieving 100% removal of tetracycline within 45 min and 93% degradation of methyl orange within 60 min. Its performance was significantly superior to that of the single-component photocatalysts, and it exhibited stable photocatalytic activity even in complex ionic environments. The formation of Type-II heterojunction between S-C 3 N 4 and Mg(OH) 2 facilitates charge separation/migration and thus significantly enhanced pollutant removal efficiency. The S-C 3 N 4 /Mg(OH) 2 composite material fabricated in this work shows great promise for practical wastewater treatment applications. The S-C 3 N 4 /Mg(OH) 2 heterojunction photocatalyst was successfully fabricated. It not only exhibits outstanding photocatalytic performance in degrading organic pollutants but also maintains stable photocatalytic degradation ability even under complex ionic conditions. Download: Download high-res image (368KB) Download: Download full-size image
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Materials
·
2026
·Vol. 19
·期 8
·1479
·
IF 3.7
Jingwei Yang,Fangbao Wang,Liang Chen,Tao Bo,Zhifang Chai,Wenwen Lin
Large-sized, room-temperature ultrafast scintillator single crystals are highly demanded for fast timing applications such as time of flight–positron emission tomography, high-speed medical imaging, and pulse heavy-ray detection. Sub-nanosecond scintillation was discovered in 16 mm sized CsPbCl3Brxsingle crystals in our previous research. In this work, the crystal size of CsPbCl3Br0.03was enlarged to 2 inches (50.8 mm). Meanwhile, by precisely optimizing the vertical Bridgman growth process, we further increased the concentration of Br dopant to realize even faster scintillation decay. In this study, we conducted a series of tests on the grown crystals, including temperature-dependent photoluminescence tests, alpha particle excitation tests, X-ray imaging tests, etc. Via the strategy of the incorporation of Br2, Br dopant introduces highly efficient fast recombination centers in perovskite CsPbCl3Br0.03crystals, resulting in an unprecedently fast scintillation decay time of 303 ps under241Amα-particle excitation, which is significantly shorter than that of the pure CsPbCl3and all other perovskites by at least two orders of magnitude. Benefiting from the excellent optical transparency and high crystalline quality of the CsPbCl3Br0.03crystal, an X-ray spatial resolution of up to 20 lp/mm is achieved. These results further demonstrate the great potential of large-sized CsPbCl3Brxsingle crystals for fast timing applications.
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Nature Communications
·
2026
·
IF 18.1
Yan Jiao,Liu Lai,Chen Zhihao,Zhao Qian,Han Xiaoqing,Wang Yanjing,Mu Zhengzhi,Wang Xingbo,Song Panpan,Kang Yaqing,Lu Weijie,Guo Ai-Min,Sun Qing-Feng,Zhang Haiyuan
Electron-spin dynamics represent an additional dimension in enzymatic catalysis, where most regulatory strategies focus on modulating active-site chemistry. Here, we present a spintronic approach that employs chiral gold nanohelices ( C Au) as electron spin polarizers to enantiospecifically modulate cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity for rheumatoid arthritis intervention. Exploiting the chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect inherent to both COX-2 and C Au, we demonstrate that left-handed C Au (Lh- C Au) enhances, whereas right-handed C Au (Rh- C Au) suppresses COX-2 catalytic efficiency via spin-dependent electron transfer at the chiral nanoparticle-enzyme interfaces. To achieve targeted modulation in complex biological settings, we engineer molecularly imprinted C Au ( C Au@MIP) for selectively regulating COX-2 in inflammatory cells and collagen-induced arthritis murine model (male DBA/1 J mice). Treatment with Rh- C Au@MIP significantly reduces prostaglandin E 2 secretion and mitigates joint inflammation, achieving therapeutic efficacy comparable to conventional COX-2 inhibitors. Our findings introduce electron spin polarization as an orthogonal mechanism for enzymatic regulation, offering a bioelectronic strategy for inflammation-targeted therapy.
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APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
·
2026
·
IF 19.7
Xinyan Jiang,Yujie Wu,Ping Lu,Hao Zheng,Weimo Li,Guocan Jiang,Sheng Li,Zhengquan Li
Selective photocatalytic oxidation offers a sustainable pathway for hydrocarbon valorization but is limited by inert nature of molecular oxygen and sluggish interfacial electron utilization. Aurivillius-type layered oxides, with intrinsic polarization fields, facilitate directional charge migration but suffer from severe electron accumulation at surface Bi 3+ sites, leading to the formation of metallic Bi 0 and catalytic deactivation. Here we demonstrate an asymmetric dual-Bi 3+ -site control strategy by constructing a configuration with S partially filled oxygen vacancies in the surface [Bi 2 O 2 ] 2+ layers of SrBi 2 Ta 2 O 9 . This coupled modulation tailors the surface electronic structure and enables effective regulation of oxygen adsorption and activation, thereby favoring reaction pathways mediated by superoxide radicals. As a result, the optimized catalyst delivers a benzaldehyde yield of 14 mmol g −1 h −1 with 82% selectivity, while retaining 94% of its initial activity after four consecutive 8 h cycles, demonstrating both high efficiency and robust stability of S:SBTO 9–x . This work establishes a general paradigm for steering photogenerated electron dynamics through atomic-level asymmetric site engineering, providing a reasonable approach for designing efficient and durable photocatalysts suitable for selective oxidation reactions.
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ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS
·
2026
·
IF 3.5
Zi-Qi Zheng,Zhao-Tian Wei,Shi-Bo Jin,Zhen-Zhen Yao,Can-Xia Ma,Wen-Yun Gao,Heng Li
Acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of branched-chain amino acids, consists of catalytic subunits (CSU) and regulatory subunits (RSU). In this study, we prepared AHAS holoenzymes of Escherichia coli , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Bacillus subtilis , and Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato DC3000 utilizing different methods. Moreover, we studied the catalytic properties of the four holoenzymes and their corresponding CSUs using pyruvate and 2-KB as a respective substrate. The results showed that the eight enzymes (four holoenzymes plus four CSUs) displayed comparable catalytic activity in pyruvate assays, indicating the presence of the RSUs seems not to influence the catalysis of the proteins obviously; while in 2-ketobutyrate (2-KB) assays, the importance of the RSUs on promoting recognition of the substrate and on luring the reactions into condensation of the substrate via stabilizing the crucial intermediate hydroxypropyl-ThDP has been demonstrated. These observations enhance our understanding of the correlation of the structure and function between AHAS full enzyme and its CSU and RSU. In addition, these findings also supply a theoretical basis for future evolution of the proteins so as to improve their catalytic efficiency and broaden their substrate spectrum.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
Xinyu Li,Yuanye Pan,Jiayao Du,Hanchi Shi,Shuangqing Fan,Jinghan Li,Haijiao Xie,Minghui Cao,Siqi Li,Tong Liu
Structural evolution of Cu 3 (HHTP) 2 under polymerization is revealed. • Cu 3 (HHTP) 2 -derived species and PANI synergistically enhance NH 3 sensing. • The sensor achieves a wide NH 3 detection range of 0.5–500 ppm. • The sensor exhibits reliable sensing under high humidity and bending. • The sensor realizes real-time monitoring of seafood spoilage. Ammonia (NH 3 ) is a key volatile indicator of seafood spoilage, and developing sensitive NH 3 sensors that operate stably in complex environments is highly desirable. Conductive polymers such as polyaniline (PANI) have attracted attention for room-temperature sensing, but their limited adsorption capability and environmental stability still restrict practical applications. In this work, a flexible NH 3 sensor was developed by integrating PANI with Cu 3 (HHTP) 2 through in situ oxidative polymerization. During the acidic polymerization process, Cu 3 (HHTP) 2 undergoes structural evolution, generating Cu-containing and HHTP-derived components that remain associated with the PANI matrix. The optimized PACU20 sensor exhibits a wide detection range of 0.5–500 ppm NH 3 , a high response value of 14.5 toward 100 ppm NH 3 , and rapid response/recovery times of 37/56 s. Furthermore, the sensor maintains stable sensing performance under high humidity conditions and repeated bending cycles, indicating its robustness under practical storage and flexible operating environments. The enhanced sensing behavior might be attributed to the synergistic interaction between PANI and Cu 3 (HHTP) 2 -derived components, which regulate the local chemical environment of PANI and enhance NH 3 -induced charge variation. Practically, the sensor was applied to monitor ammonia evolution during fish and shrimp spoilage, demonstrating its potential for seafood freshness evaluation.
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TOXICOLOGY
·
2025
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IF 4.6
Jing Zhang,Yan Zhao
Glutamate is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It is essential for neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity; however, excessive glutamate leads to neuronal toxicity, which is considered as a key mechanism contributing to neurodegeneration. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a key enzyme in ethanol metabolism, which converts the toxic alcohol metabolite acetaldehyde to acetate; meanwhile, ALDH2 is also important for the detoxification of other reactive aldehydes such as lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. ALDH2 deficiency has been associated with the acceleration of neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment accompanied by increased brain oxidative damages. However, there is a lack of reports on how ALDH2 deficiency affects glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. In the present study, it was found that ALDH2-deficient N2a cells exhibited heightened susceptibility to glutamate, displaying aggravated oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and calcium imbalance in response to glutamate. ALDH2 deficiency led to reduced antioxidant capacity and elevated intracellular calcium concentration at basal state, thus predisposing the cells to a higher sensitivity to glutamate. Further analyses showed that ALDH2 deficiency elevated the expression of GluN1 subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), which are major ionic glutamate receptors allowing the passage of calcium. Consistently, treatment with the NMDAR channel blocker MK-801 (100 μM) or knockdown of GluN1 reduced the susceptibility of Aldh2 -/- cells to glutamate, suggesting that the elevation of GluN1 was a key determinant for the increased sensitivity of ALDH2-deficient cells to glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. The results revealed that ALDH2 plays a critical protective role in glutamate-induced neuronal cytotoxicity, while blocking the overactivation of NMDARs might be beneficial for preventing glutamate-induced neuronal toxicity in individuals with defective ALDH2.
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 6.2
Kuan Gao,Qin Geng,Changbao Hu,Wenhui Zhang,Xin Li,Ping Tong,Anshu Yang,Zhihua Wu,Hongbing Chen
Interactions between food allergens and polyphenols can provide a method to alleviate food allergies. This study investigated the effect of differently structured polyphenols complexed with Ara h 2 based on high-throughput virtual screening, utilizing a spectroscopic, thermodynamic, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) model, BMDCs-T cells coculture model, KU812 cells model, and molecular simulation analyses for the allergenicity evaluation. Hesperidin (HSD), neohesperidin (NH), and neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC) exhibited a high binding energy and interacted with Ara h 2 through hydrogen bonding, primarily at two additional binding sites. This interaction led to protein unfolding and reduced hydrophobicity, particularly in the NH–Ara h2 complex. In addition, NH-bound Ara h2 has a lower potential for sensitization due to its reduced immunoglobulin E (IgE) binding capacity compared with Ara h 2 during gastrointestinal digestion. This is further supported by the decreased expression of costimulatory factors in BMDCs, the reduced release of allergenic cytokines, and the maintained balance of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg. The same trend was followed by the HSD and NHDC complexes. These findings suggest that glycosidic bond positions play a more significant role in reducing sensitization than does the flavonoid structure. Therefore, this study can assist in developing oral-specific immunotherapy of individuals with peanut allergies under the potential interaction mechanism of polyphenols and Ara h 2.
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MICROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2025
·Vol. 192
·期 7
·1-14
·
IF 5.3
Gao Yueming,Weng Guojun,Li Jianjun,Zhu Jian,Zhao Junwu
A flexible silver triangular nanoplate (Ag TNPs)@m-phenylenediamine (mPD)@polyacrylonitrile (PAN) skin patch based on electrospinning is fabricated and applied to detect human beta-defensin 2 (HBD-2) by using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). First, PAN was used as the base material to create a fibrous membrane through electrospinning. The fibers were then modified with Ag TNPs by mPD endowing positive charges, forming a flexible Ag TNPs@mPD@PAN substrate. The flexible substrate features advantages of simple preparation, low cost, and convenient portability, which are suitable for in situ rapid detection on irregular surfaces. The combination of the flexible Ag TNPs@mPD@PAN substrate with Ag TNPs probes enabled the specific detection of HBD-2. It demonstrated satisfactory sensitivity and reproducibility with a wide detection range of 100–10 ng/mL and a limit of detection (LOD) of 59.57 fg/mL. Eventually, the flexible substrate was applied to HBD-2 detection on the surface of contaminated chicken skin. This study provides a simple and highly sensitive method for the detection of HBD-2, offering a novel approach for the non-invasive rapid diagnosis of psoriasis and the monitoring of disease progression. Graphical
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npj Science of Food
·
2025
·Vol. 9
·期 1
·1-12
·
IF 7.8
Zhang Hongyi,Ma Qiaoling,Wang Weichao,Wang Bin,Liu Jiawen,Wang Fu,Hu Yuan,Chen Lin,Liu Youping,Wang Qi,Chen Hongping
Oysters are recognized for flavor and health benefits, but their shells are regarded as waste, contributing to resource inefficiency. This study investigates the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of oyster shells, using a fraction partitioning approach to separate the oyster shells water extract (WE) into two fractions: WE of extra-membranous (WEE, <1000 kDa) and intra-membranous (WEI, >1000 kDa). Using UPLC-Q-Exactive MS, 231 components were identified such as organic acids, amino acids. ELISA analysis revealed that high-dose WEE significantly increased serum T3, T4, FT3, and FT4 levels while reducing TSH, and improved thyroid tissue lesions. Network pharmacology identified 291 drug-disease intersection targets enriched in the PI3K/AKT pathway. Furthermore, the RT-qPCR and WB results showed that high-dose WEE protected against propylthiouracil-induced goitre by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/Bcl-2 pathway. This study evaluated the anti-goitre potential properties of WE and provided a theoretical basis for further development of oyster shells as a functional food source.
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ACS Synthetic Biology
·
2026
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IF 4.5
Junpeng Jia,Yifeng Wei,Yating Li,Jason Tan,Yiling Hu,Yang Tong,Xinan Jiao,Yan Zhang,Yan Zhou
2-amino-deoxyadenosine (dZ) occurs naturally in certain bacteriophage genomes, where it replaces deoxyadenosine, forming three hydrogen bonds with thymidine. This noncanonical deoxyribonucleoside underlies the unique biophysical properties of dZ-DNA. Its corresponding ribonucleoside has been introduced to RNA to form Z-modified RNA, with promising applications in vaccine production and biomedicine. Unlike dZ-DNA, Z-modified RNA has only been synthesized in vitro, which required the addition of chemically synthesized 2-amino-adenosine triphosphate (ZTP) as a precursor. Here, we describe enzyme engineering studies on dZMP–succinate-synthetase (PurZ), a key enzyme in the bacteriophage dZ-DNA biosynthetic pathway that natively catalyzes the conversion of deoxyguanosine monophosphate (dGMP) to dZMP–succinate. Through site-saturation mutagenesis, we generated mutants with altered substrate specificity, capable of catalyzing the conversion of GMP to ZMP–succinate. We further demonstrated that these mutants, in combination with bacterial adenylosuccinate lyase, guanylate kinase and nucleoside diphosphate kinase, efficiently convert GMP to ZTP, marking a critical step in developing a biosynthetic pathway for Z-modified RNA, and enabling enzymatic synthesis of ZTP on a semipreparative scale. Our work provides the basis for further research on the impacts of Z-modified RNA in living organisms, and supports the cost-effective production of Z-modified RNA vaccines and therapeutics.
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Foods
·
2026
·Vol. 15
·期 4
·642
·
IF 6
Simin Zhao,Jiao Zhang,Yuting Huang,Yanan Yuan,Ting Wu,Siyi Pan,Xiaoyun Xu
Caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) are polyphenolic compounds widely present in daily diets, but their bioactivities are limited by poor intestinal absorption, the mechanisms of which remain incompletely understood for various isomers. This study investigated the transepithelial transport of three mono-CQAs and three di-CQAs using Caco-2 monolayers. Concurrently, the potential of five dietary flavonoids to enhance intestinal absorption by modulating efflux transporters was evaluated. Results suggest that CQAs were mainly transported via passive paracellular diffusion. The apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) of mono-CQAs were (1.49 ± 0.22) × 10−6, (1.49 ± 0.25) × 10−6, and (2.15 ± 0.57) × 10−6cm/s, which were significantly higher than those of di-CQAs. And the efflux of 5-CQA, 3,4-diCQA, and 3,5-diCQA was primarily mediated by P-gp. Among the five dietary flavonoids tested for their potential to inhibit this efflux, quercetin and kaempferol exhibited the most potent enhancing CQA uptake. They increased thePappof 5-CQA from (2.15 ± 0.21) × 10−6to (3.05 ± 0.08) × 10−6cm/s and (2.57 ± 0.17) × 10−6cm/s, respectively. Similar promoting trends were observed for 3,4-diCQA and 3,5-diCQAs. Molecular docking revealed that CQAs and these effective flavonoids share common binding residues within the P-gp pocket, providing a structural basis for the inhibition of efflux. These findings provide insights into the intestinal transport of structurally diverse CQAs and highlight the potential of dietary flavonoids to improve the oral bioavailability of CQAs.
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