JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS APPLICATIONS
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2018
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IF 2.082
Hongying Su,Wen Zhang,Yayun Wu,Xiaodong Han,Gang Liu,Qingming Jia,Shaoyun Shan
Stimuli-responsive hydrogels have been widely researched as carrier systems, due to their excellent biocompatibility and responsiveness to external physiologic environment factors. In this study, dextran-based nanogel with covalently conjugated doxorubicin (DOX) was developed via Schiff base formation using the inverse microemulsion technique. Since the Schiff base linkages are acid-sensitive, drug release profile of the DOX-loaded nanogel would be pH-dependent. In vitro drug release studies confirmed that DOX was released much faster under acidic condition (pH 2.0, 5.0) than that at pH 7.4. Approximately 66, 28, and 9% of drug was released in 72 h at pH 2.0, 5.0, and 7.4, respectively. Cell uptake by the human breast cancer cell (MCF-7) demonstrated that the DOX-loaded dextran nanogel could be internalized through endocytosis and distributed in endocytic compartments inside tumor cells. These results indicated that the Schiff base-containing nanogel can serve as a pH-sensitive drug delivery system. And the presence of multiple aldehyde groups on the nanogel are available for further conjugations of targeting ligands or imaging probes.
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ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
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2026
·
IF 6.1
Zhuorong Fan,Xiaojing Xu,Jixian Luo,Zimeng Lei,Wenjuan Dong,Wenting Liang,Shengmei Song,Xiaojuan Gong
Background Red-emitting carbon dots (R-CDs), characterized by their long-wavelength fluorescence in the red spectral region, offer significant advantages as fluorescent probes due to their capacity to effectively mitigate light scattering and suppress autofluorescence interference from biological matrices. This inherent optical property positions them as one of the most promising candidates for high-contrast bioimaging and sensitive sensing applications. Herein, a novel type of highly luminescent R-CDs was synthesized via a tailored precursor design and doping strategy. Their potential as advanced fluorescent probes was systematically evaluated, focusing on their exceptional optical properties, photostability, and responsiveness to specific substances. Results The emitting of R-CDs exhibits strong pH sensitivity in the range of 1.5-4.0, enabling monitoring of extremely acidic environments. Additionally, R-CDs were employed as probes to develop a multi-mode sensing platform integrating ratiometric fluorescence, ratiometric colorimetry, and smartphone-based imaging for Ag + detection. Fluorescence mode: Ag + selectively quenches the red emission of R-CDs, while yellow emission of Cu-CDs remains stable. Quantification detection relies on the I 624 /I 550 ratio, with a linear range of 0–185.3 μM and LOD of 0.266 μM. Colorimetry mode: Ag + -induced aggregation of the R-CDs weakened the original absorption band and generates a new peak at 680 nm, enabling detection via the A 680 /A 610 ratio with a linear range of 0–208.0 μM and LOD of 0.398 μM. Moreover, the R-CDs solution undergoes a distinct color change under exposure to Ag + ; by leveraging smartphone-based color recognition, a portable visual sensing platform has been successfully constructed. Significance In this work, the synthesis of R-CDs provides a strategic reference for developing high-performance, multicolor-tunable, and function-oriented doped CDs. The multi-mode sensing platform achieves functional complementarity and data cross-validation, thereby improving the reliability, anti-interference capability and on-site applicability of detection. Analytical robustness is further enhanced by the ratiometric strategy's built-in reference signal, which effectively compensates for instrumental, environmental, and operational variables. This design strategy features universal principles and demonstrates strong potential across a wide range of applications.
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JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2026
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IF 3.1
Fan Li,Zhuoming Chen,Yu Wu,Binjie Xin,Jinke Guo,Jun Zhang
Developing intelligent antibacterial materials with environmental responsiveness is crucial for addressing the challenges of real-time monitoring and efficient infection control in the fields of wound healing and environmental remediation. In this study, a multifunctional Janus electrospun nanofibrous membrane based on a synergistic system of anthocyanin/thymol (AN/THY) was developed, which integrated unidirectional water transport, pH-responsive monitoring, antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Experimental results demonstrate that the Janus nanofibrous membrane exhibits excellent unidirectional water transport and inhibits reverse penetration due to the gradient pore structure and wettability difference between layers. It also exhibits a suitable physiological environment-compatible gas permeability of 14 mm/s, enabling efficient gas exchange. In addition, the bilayer membrane shows a DPPH radical scavenging rate of up to 91% and an antibacterial rate of nearly 100% against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus ; moreover, the membrane exhibits distinct color changes within the pH range of 3–13 and a high color reversibility of more than 95%. The developed Janus nanofibrous membrane has great potential in the fields of intelligent wound dressings, environmental monitoring, and provides a new strategy for the development of multifunctional intelligent materials.
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JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE
·
2026
·Vol. 91
·期 7
·e71127
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IF 4.1
Xiaobo Cao,Han Li,Yufei Lan,Yiran Wang,Yujing Wang,Yuhan Xu,Benxu Yang,Aiguo Feng,Chao Li,Shufen Wu
Flaxseed protein (FP), an emerging high-quality plant protein valued for its nutrition, suffers from low solubility at neutral pH. This study employed alkaline (pH 12)-heat treatment (40°C–100°C) or alkaline (pH 12)-ultrasonication (20 kHz, 600 W) to modify FP. The pH-shifting plus ultrasound treatment (20 min; FP12U20) achieved the highest solubility (25.51 ± 0.78 mg/mL), a 144.6% increase over untreated FP (10.43 ± 0.22 mg/mL). In contrast, pH-shifting alone (FP12) yielded 15.02 ± 0.16 mg/mL, and the optimal alkaline-heat treatment (H40T40) reached 16.46 ± 0.54 mg/mL. Modifications also enhanced emulsification and foaming properties, evidenced by increased values for EAI (FP12U20: 50.84 ± 0.45 m 2 /g; FP: 16.24 ± 0.34 m 2 /g), ESI at 10 min (FP12U20: 90.51 ± 0.60%; FP: 72.86 ± 0.63%), FA (FP12U20: 113.3 ± 1.12%; FP: 28.66 ± 0.98%), and FS (FP12U20: 97.1 ± 2.86%; FP: 86.04 ± 1.34%). Analysis revealed decreased particle size (FP12U20: 77.21 ± 2.54 nm; FP: 126.22 ± 0.67 nm), increased surface hydrophobicity (FP12U20: 4183 ± 38.11; FP: 1082 ± 138.38), decreased α-helix content (FP12U20: 35.6 ± 1.23%; FP: 46.4 ± 0.88%), and increased β-sheet content (FP12U20: 20.7 ± 0.99%; FP: 13.8 ± 0.69%), suggesting that protein unfolding and hydrophobic exposure were associated with improvements in solubility and functionality. This work establishes a foundation for FP modification using pH-shifting and ultrasound treatments.
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JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 3.9
Jize Han,Yuling Zhang,Zhizhong Deng,Jianhui Zhou,Yongxia Gu
Stimuli-responsive smart hydrogels have attracted extensive attention, owing to their potential applications in soft robotics, flexible sensors, biomimetic actuators, and intelligent switches. However, conventional hydrogel actuators often suffer from slow response kinetics, insufficient mechanical stability, as well as limited programmable actuation and complex deformation capabilities. In this study, a hydrogel actuator with dual responsiveness to pH and temperature stimuli was designed and fabricated based on the asymmetric bending behavior of a bilayer hydrogel structure. The system consisted of a graphene oxide (GO)-reinforced poly(methacrylic acid- co -(2-acryloyloxyethyl) trimethylammonium chloride) layer and a poly( N -isopropylacrylamide) layer. A combined thermal/photoinitiated polymerization strategy was employed to prepare the bilayer architecture. The results showed that the as-prepared bilayer hydrogel actuator exhibited excellent stimuli-responsive performance, achieving a controllable 180° deformation within 5 s, and maintained good reversible actuation stability after more than 50 actuation cycles. The incorporation of GO not only enhanced the mechanical stability of the hydrogel but also improved its water transport efficiency within the polymer network, thereby effectively accelerating the actuation response. In summary, the dual-responsive bilayer hydrogel developed in this work integrates rapid response, excellent cyclic stability, and programmable actuation ability, providing a new strategy for designing intelligent soft actuators and biomimetic responsive systems. Graphical A dual-stimuli-responsive bilayer hydrogel integrating PNIPAM and GO-reinforced P(MAA-co-DAC) enables rapid, reversible, and programmable actuation. The asymmetric structure achieves 180° bending within 5 s under pH and temperature stimuli, while graphene oxide enhances mechanical robustness and transport efficiency, offering a promising platform for intelligent soft robotic and biomimetic systems.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2026
·
IF 8.7
Xu Zhang,Hekai Zhao,Yao Lu,Sergey V. Simonenko,Elena S. Simonenko,Li-Tao Tong,Yang Li
RF exhibits pH-dependent structural and photochemical characteristics. • pH modulates SPF conformation, thereby governing its functional properties. • SPF gelation is dominated by amino acid oxidation and hydrogen bonding at pH 2. • SPF gelation is governed by amino acid oxidation and disulfide bond at pH 8. • SPF at pH 8 exhibits higher crosslink efficiency and superior mechanical properties. Riboflavin (RF) mediated photocrosslinking provides a green and controllable approach for soy protein nanofibril (SPF) hydrogel, but the pH-dependent reaction efficiency and structural stability remain key challenges to achieve reliable and sustainable applications. In this study, RF was used as a photosensitizer to induce the crosslinking of SPF under 365 nm UV irradiation, and the gelation mechanism of the photocrosslinked hydrogels was systematically investigated under different pH conditions (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10). The results demonstrated that pH not only altered the dispersibility and conformation of SPF but also modulated the photochemical behavior of RF. At pH 2, SPF formed hydrogels mainly through hydrogen bonding and amino acid oxidation, storage modulus increased from 20.20 to 186.98 Pa, but the photosensitivity of RF was limited. At pH 4–6, severe fibril aggregation hindered the exposure of reactive sites, preventing the formation of a continuous crosslinked network. At pH 8, SPF regained a well-dispersed conformation, while the enhanced photochemical properties of RF, possibly associated with a prolonged excited-state lifetime, facilitated amino acid oxidation and disulfide bond formation, resulting in the highest crosslinking efficiency and mechanical strength, with the storage modulus increasing from 5.19 Pa to 331.68 Pa. In contrast, at pH 10, fibril degradation and the limited light absorption efficiency of RF impeded gelation. Overall, pH governed the hydrogel structure and performance by synergistically regulating SPF conformation and RF photochemistry properties. These findings provide theoretical insights for the design of pH-responsive SPF-based photocrosslinked hydrogels. Download: Download high-res image (163KB) Download: Download full-size image
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2026
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IF 7.8
Junfeng Song,Anming Yang,Yang Song,Xirui Huang,Xingjin Li,Tianzhao Xu,Tiancong Zhao
The treatment of Staphylococcus aureus subcutaneous abscesses is hindered by the protective abscess microenvironment and persistent bacterial colonization. Herein, we present a pH-responsive supramolecular nanoplatform fabricated via single-step coassembly of cationic arginine-derived antimicrobial peptidomimetics (AMPM-1) and natural polyphenols. This process, governed by hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and hydrophobic packing, effectively masks the cationic charges of AMPM-1, substantially reducing intrinsic hemolytic and cytotoxic properties. In vitro studies demonstrate that the assemblies maintain potent, membrane-disruptive activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), including dormant and persister subpopulations. In a murine MRSA abscess model, local administration of the quercetin-based assemblies (AMPM-1-QA) simultaneously reduces bacterial burden and attenuates excessive inflammatory signaling. Histological examination confirms accelerated tissue regeneration, characterized by enhanced collagen deposition and anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization. By integrating acid-triggered bactericidal action with polyphenol-mediated immunomodulation, this dual-functional supramolecular strategy offers a promising approach for the stimuli-responsive treatment of recalcitrant localized infections.
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REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
·
2026
·
IF 5.4
Huidong Fang,Shiai Xu,Siyu Han,Bin Zhao,Chao Zhang,Wanji Zhou
T-shaped droplet microfluidic device was used for preparing 5-Fu-loaded chitosan microspheres. • 5-Fu-loaded chitosan microspheres exhibit pH-responsive release patterns and sustainable release characteristics for up to 60 days. • The average particle size of the microspheres is 3.90 ± 0.57 μm, and the particle size distribution is narrow. • Drug-loaded microspheres of different particle sizes have different drug release rates and cycles. Microsphere formulations are a promising drug delivery system for targeted response and prolonged sustained release. However, conventional emulsification crosslinking methods for microsphere preparation usually result in a broad particle size distribution, large particle size, poor uniformity, and consequently erratic drug release kinetics. In this investigation, chitosan microspheres encapsulating 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu CS-MS) were fabricated using a T-type droplet microfluidic device, and the formulation was optimized by single-factor experiments. The resulting microspheres had a consistent drug release profile, a smooth surface, high monodispersity, and a uniform particle size distribution with an average particle size of 3.90 ± 0.57 μm. The polymer-drug interaction in 5-Fu CS-MS was analyzed using FTIR and XRD. The XPS and EDS results confirmed the occurrence of a Schiff base reaction between glutaraldehyde (GA) and chitosan (CS), indicating successful encapsulation. TGA results revealed that the cross-linking reaction enhanced the thermal stability of the microspheres. Biocompatibility assessments using Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) line demonstrated the safety and compatibility of the fabricated microspheres. More importantly, the in vitro release results illustrated a pH-responsive drug release profile and sustained release of 5-Fu CS-MS for a period up to 60 days. In summary, the CS sustained-release microspheres produced using the microfluidic technique have the potential for intelligent response, precise drug delivery, and prolonged sustained release of small-molecule drugs. Download: Download high-res image (197KB) Download: Download full-size image
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Pharmaceutics
·
2026
·Vol. 18
·期 5
·586
·
IF 6.9
Encheng Tian,Yunchang Zhang,Runsheng Wang,Haohan Wu,Mingjian Sun,Yingyi Yan,Lan She,Zhiqiang Ma
Background/Objectives:Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is severely limited by the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, which restricts reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and compromises therapeutic efficacy. To address this critical barrier, we engineered a multifunctional nanocomposite (Pha@FSMP) integrating oxygen supplementation, pH-responsive drug release, and magnetic targeting for enhanced PDT.Methods:The platform is constructed with a superparamagnetic Fe3O4core, coated in amino-functionalized mesoporous silica (mSiO2) loaded with MnO2as an oxygen-evolving catalyst, and surface-conjugated with the pH-responsive copolymer PEG-b-PAsp to encapsulate the hydrophobic photosensitizer Pha. We characterized its core physicochemical and functional properties, and evaluated its photodynamic efficacy via in vitro cellular assays and in vivo studies in a murine melanoma model.Results:In vitro assays demonstrated significant elevation of intracellular ROS levels and enhanced PDT-mediated cytotoxicity against B16-F10 melanoma cells. In vivo studies in a murine melanoma model confirmed potent tumor growth inhibition, metastasis suppression, and prolonged survival, accompanied by excellent biosafety.Conclusions:Collectively, this oxygen-augmented nanocomposite represents a promising strategy to overcome hypoxia-associated PDT resistance, offering a translatable platform for improved cancer therapy.
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Functional Materials Letters
·
2024
·
IF 1.2
Guanru Chang,Mingxiang Ji,Zhaopeng Qi,Long Chen,Haitao Zhang,Ye Yuan,Yansu Lan
To integrate pH/NIR dual-responsive drug release mechanisms with multimodal therapies for effective treatment of malignant tumors, hierarchical hydroxyapatite (HAp)/AuNR hybrid microspheres, consisting of a hollow HAp core and an AuNR shell, were facilely synthesized using phytic acid (IP6) as a sustainable template and phosphorus source. Urea served as the pore-forming agent and pH regulator during the synthesis process. The integration of AuNR into multifunctional HAp systems enabled NIR-responsive controllable drug release and photothermal ablation specifically at the tumorigenic site. The aggregation of AuNR within and outside the hybrid microspheres effectively hinders the release of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) from the hollow HAp microspheres, mitigating the initial burst release and minimizing side effects. The results indicate that the h-HAp/AuNR hybrid exhibited remarkable drug loading efficiency (159.9 μ g ⋅ mg − 1 ), with drug release exhibiting pH-dependent behavior due to the dissolution of HAp in acidic environments. Furthermore, MTT assays and fluorescence imaging demonstrate that DOX-loaded h-HAp/AuNR significantly enhance antitumor efficacy, achieving a cell survival rate of 12.3% at a concentration of 100 μ g ⋅ mL. This integrated system offers a promising approach for combined chemotherapeutic delivery and NIR photothermal therapy.
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Communications Chemistry
·
2026
·
IF 6.9
Zhang Chengyu,Wang Longyu,Ndayisenga Fabrice,Jalil Anam,Zhang Yiming,Yu Zhisheng
The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is critical for clean energy conversion, yet achieving efficient and durable electrocatalysis across a wide pH range remains a major challenge. Modulating the electronic structure of metal single atoms has shown promise, but is often constrained by weak metal–support interactions in conventional carbon matrices. Here, we report a pH–universal HER electrocatalyst comprising atomically dispersed Ru sites and carbon–confined Ru nanoparticles, synthesized via one–step pyrolysis of biomass–derived precursors. The catalyst delivered low overpotentials of 176 mV (Tafel slope: 23 mV dec –1 ) in acidic and 241 mV (40 mV dec –1 ) in alkaline media at 200 mA cm –2 , along with outstanding operational stability exceeding 500 hours—outperforming commercial Pt/C. This performance arises from electron–rich Ru single atoms (RuN 4 ) modulated by neighboring Ru nanoparticles, synergistically embedded within a hydrophilic and porous carbon scaffold. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed a near–optimal hydrogen adsorption free energy (ΔG H* = –0.25 eV) in acidic conditions and a moderate water dissociation barrier (0.94 eV) in alkaline media. Our findings demonstrate a viable strategy for integrating nanoparticles and single atoms to achieve both high activity and durability, while highlighting the upcycling of biomass into advanced HER catalysts via rational interface engineering.
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Chemistry-An Asian Journal
·
2023
·Vol. 18
·期 8
·e202300021
·
IF 4.1
Zhiqiang Lin,Junfeng Ding,Xuesi Chen,Chaoliang He
Graphical pH- and temperature-responsive monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG)-polypeptide hydrogels were synthesized using ring-opening polymerization and post-polymerization modification. Aqueous solutions of the mPEG-polypeptides exhibited α-helix-to-β-sheet transitions when the pH was increased from 6.5 to 7.0, leading to a marked reduction in gelation concentration and prolonged drug release profiles at neutral pH. pH- and temperature-responsive hydrogels have attracted considerable attention due to their responsiveness to dual physiologically-relevant stimuli. In this study, we developed stimuli-responsive hydrogels based on monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG)-polypeptide block copolymers containing various tertiary amine pendants (EEP-TAs). The EEP-TAs were synthesized via ring-opening copolymerization of α-amino acid N -carboxyanhydrides, and further modified post-polymerization with click chemistry. The EEP-TAs exhibited an α-helix-to-β-sheet transition when the pH was increased from 4.0 to 7.4. At elevated polymer concentrations, aqueous solutions of the EEP-TAs underwent thermo-induced sol–gel phase transitions, which were dependent on the pH. The hydrogels almost fully degraded within 3 weeks in the subcutaneous layer of mice and exhibited good histocompatibility in vivo. Additionally, doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded hydrogels exhibited pH-responsive drug release profiles in vitro, which were composed of rapid release at acidic pH and more sustained release at neutral pH. Thus, these polypeptide hydrogels hold potential as depots for environment-responsive delivery of therapeutic agents.
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