Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
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2025
·Vol. 14
·期 1
·120879
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IF 7.2
Chengzhao Liu,Tao Liu,Suhua Liu,Xiufang Zhang,Guanlong Wang
Recently, it was reported photocatalytic H 2 O 2 generation performed in biphasic system could significantly increase the H 2 O 2 yield. Aiming to further improve the H 2 O 2 yield, hydrophobic heterojunction of α-S and vacancy-rich g-C 3 N 4 (CNN) was constructed. H 2 O 2 production performance tests demonstrated the 0.2α-S/CNN composite achieved H 2 O 2 yields 1.72 and 1.99 times higher than pristine CNN and α-S, respectively. N-(C) 3 bonded nitrogen(N 3 C ) promoted oxygen activation, and heterojunction facilitated the separation of photogenerated holes and electrons. These contributed more effective photocatalytic synthesis of H 2 O 2 . The optimal 0.2α-S/CNN achieved a production rate of 2218 μmol g −1 , with an impressive apparent quantum yield (AQE) of 6.92 % under 455 nm monochromatic light, outperforming the state-of-the-art catalysts. The proposed mechanism suggested that photogenerated electrons migrated from α-S to CNN, reducing adsorbed O 2 to form •O 2 − radicals. These radicals subsequently reacted with water in the aqueous phase to generate H 2 O 2 via 2e − ORR. Due to the strong hydrophobicity of the catalyst, most •O 2 − radicals were generated in benzyl alcohol (BA) phase, while H 2 O 2 predominantly formed in the aqueous phase. This spatial separation delayed H 2 O 2 decomposition, facilitating its accumulation and enhancing overall yield.
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SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
·
2020
·
IF 7.1
Jun-Tao Cao,Xiao-Long Fu,Li-Zhen Zhao,Shu-Hui Ma,Yan-Ming Liu
Nowadays, electrochemiluminescent resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) as a promising signaling mechanism has been proved its promising perspective for bioassay, whereas the limitation of energy transfer efficiency remains a big challenge. Herein, we highlight a high-efficient ECL-RET mode between luminescent materials and noble metal nanoparticles, in which luminescent materials (g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets as the energy donor) and noble metal nanoparticles (Ag nanoparticles as the energy acceptor) were innovatively combined into one nanostructure, greatly reducing the energy loss and effectively promoting the RET efficiency. To prove the concept of the RET mode in ECL bioanalysis, a split-type ECL immunosensor was developed using interleukin-6 (IL-6) as a model. In the presence of IL-6, a sandwich immunoreaction occurred in anti-IL-6 antibody-coated 96-well plate by using glucose oxidase and anti-IL-6 antibody-conjugating silicon dioxide nanoparticles (anti-IL-6-SiO 2 -GOx) as signal label. The carried GOx oxidized glucose to generate H 2 O 2 , which etched Ag nanoparticles in g-C 3 N 4 -Ag nanostructure, thereby destroying the ECL-RET between g-C 3 N 4 and Ag and thus recovering the ECL intensity. The high-efficient ECL-RET in one nanostructure and GOx-induced H 2 O 2 etching modulation in this proposed system endowed the high sensitivity of the immunoassay toward IL-6 with the detection limit of 3.2 × 10 −14 g/mL and the dynamic working range of 1.0 × 10 −13 –1.0 × 10 −8 g/mL. It’s believed that this ingenious combination of g-C 3 N 4 and Ag into one nanostructure provides a new perspective to expand the application of ECL-RET of luminescent materials and noble metal nanoparticles.
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Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers
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2025
·
IF 6.3
Jiaxi Chen,Yanyan Liu,Qian Feng,Runnan Zhang,Yuying Ye,Wanqi Ou
Background N-Methylpyrrolidone (NMP) is a prevalent organic pollutant in the wastewater generated during the lithium-battery manufacturing process. Given the ecological risks associated with its release into the environment, an efficient and environmentally friendly degradation technology is currently required to meet the demand for the degradation of NMP in water. Methods The g-C 3 N 4 /diatomite/CoFe 2 O 4 (CNDE-CF) composite catalysts prepared in this study employed a combination of impregnation-calcination and solvent-heat treatment processes. Efficient degradation of NMP was achieved using the obtained catalyst-activated persulfate (PMS), which was characterised in terms of morphology and physicochemical properties. In addition, the effects of the factors on the degradation efficacy of the CNDE-CF/PMS system were investigated by varying the catalyst dosage, initial pH, initial NMP concentration, NMP/PMS concentration ratio, and anion content in solution, respectively, under controlled variables. Significant findings Based on the results of these experiments, it was found that the degradation of NMP by the CNDE-CF/PMS system reached 99 % degradation within 60 min ( k obs = 0.0715 min -1 ). Quenching experiments and in situ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy techniques revealed the involvement of four reactive oxygen species in the degradation mechanism, with sulphate radicals (SO 4 ·- ) and singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) playing a larger role. In addition, the abundant pores of diatomite, the electrons provided by graphitic phase carbon nitride and the redox cycling reaction between Co 2+ /Co 3+ and Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ are the mechanisms by which this efficient degradation reaction occurs. Finally, experiments demonstrating the stability and wide applicability of the material were carried out to provide an experimental basis for the possibilities of this material in future practical applications.
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Chemistry-An Asian Journal
·
2017
·Vol. 12
·期 14
·1816-1823
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IF 4.083
Qi Li,Dan Xu,Xu Ou,Feng Yan
Heteroatom-doped carbon materials have been considered as potential substitutes for Pt-based electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline fuel cells. Here we report the synthesis of oxygen-containing nitrogen-doped carbon (ONC) nanosheets through the carbonization of a mixture that contained glucose and dicyandiamide (DCDA). In situ formed graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) derived from DCDA provided a nitrogen-rich template, thereby facilitating the formation of ONC nanosheets. The resultant ONC materials with high nitrogen content, high specific surface areas, and highly mesoporous total volume displayed excellent electrochemical performance, including a similar ORR onset potential, half-potential, a higher diffusion-limited current, and excellent tolerance to methanol than that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst, respectively. Moreover, the ONC-850 nanosheet displayed high long-term durability even after 1000 cycles as well as a high electron transfer number of 3.92 (4.0 for Pt/C). Additionally, this work provides deeper insight into these materials and a versatile strategy for the synthesis of cost-effective 2D N-doped carbon electrocatalysts.
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CATALYSIS LETTERS
·
2018
·Vol. 148
·期 12
·3741-3749
·
IF 2.911
Ge Jianhua,Jiang Daochuan,Zhang Lei,Du Pingwu
Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is considered as one of the promising pathways to settle the energy crises and environmental issues by utilizing solar energy. In this paper, noble-metal-free Ni 2 P was used as cocatalyst to enhance g-C 3 N 4 for photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm). Characterization results indicated that Ni 2 P nanoparticles were successfully loaded onto g-C 3 N 4 , which can significantly contribute to accelerate the separation and transfer of photogenerated electron. The hydrogen evolution rate reached ∼ 270 µmol h −1 g −1 and the apparent quantum yield (AQY) was ∼ 2.85% at 420 nm. Meanwhile, there is no obviously decrease of the hydrogen production rate even after 36 h under visible light illumination. In addition, the mechanism of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution was also elaborated in detail. Graphical
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Chemistry-Switzerland
·
2025
·Vol. 7
·期 5
·168
·
IF 2.4
Hongwei Pang,Guangyao Liu,Xinming Wang,Shuhe Liu,Juan Wang,Jinxian Cui,Jie Zhou,Ziyan Zhou
Photocatalytic oxidation technology harnesses solar energy for pollutant mineralization, presenting significant potential for environmental applications. A critical bottleneck remains the development of high-performance photocatalysts. This study centers on the non-metallic semiconductor material graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). To overcome the inherent limitations of pristine g-C3N4, including limited surface area, rapid charge carrier recombination, and inadequate active sites, it implements surface engineering strategies employing acidic (H2SO4) or basic (K2CO3) agents to modulate microstructure, introduce defect sites (cyano/amino groups), and optimize bandgap engineering. These modifications synergistically enhanced photogenerated charge carrier separation efficiency and surface reactivity, leading to efficient dye degradation. Notably, the K2CO3-modified catalyst (g-C3N4-OH), synthesized with a mass ratio of m(g-C3N4):m(K2CO3) = 1:1, achieved 92.2% Rhodamine B degradation within 50 min under visible light, surpassing pristine g-C3N4(20.6%), the optimized H2SO4-modified sample (g-C3N4-HS, 60.9%), and even template-synthesized g-C3N4-SBA (79.6%). The g-C3N4-OH catalyst demonstrated exceptional performance under both visible light and natural solar illumination. Combining facile synthesis, cost-effectiveness, superior activity, and robust stability, this work provides a novel approach for developing high-efficiency non-metallic photocatalysts applicable to dye wastewater.
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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2026
·
IF 6
Lili Cao,Wei Wu,Jiancheng Wu,Yanli Su
In this study, MXene and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) nanosheets were introduced into Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) matrix to fabricate ternary composites with a well balanced dielectric constant and dielectric loss. The g-C 3 N 4 /MXene hybrid fillers were prepared via solution blending, followed by the fabrication of g-C 3 N 4 /MXene/PVDF composite films through solution casting. At 1 kHz, the composite film containing 6 wt% g-C 3 N 4 exhibited a high dielectric constant of 56.2 and a low dielectric loss of 0.12. The g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets effectively inhibited the self-stacking of MXene nanosheets, thereby suppressing the formation of conductive pathways and reducing the dielectric loss of g-C 3 N 4 /MXene/PVDF composites. Additionally, g-C 3 N 4 /MXene hybrid fillers enhanced interfacial polarization, promoted the formation of microcapacitor structures within the composites, and improved mechanical properties. The storage modulus of the composite film containing 6 wt% g-C 3 N 4 reached 1230 MPa, which is 2.12 times that of pure PVDF. This work presents a promising strategy for developing PVDF-based dielectric composites with superior dielectric performance.
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JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2026
·
IF 6.7
Yuhang Li,Haifeng Jiang,Jiahao Qi,Junyu Chen,Wenpeng Hong
This study investigated the catalytic pyrolysis of pine sawdust over transition-metal-modified g-C 3 N 4 catalysts (Ni/g-C 3 N 4 , Zn/g-C 3 N 4 , and Co/g-C 3 N 4 ) to enhance phenolic selectivity and elucidate metal–support synergistic effects. Among these catalysts, Co/g-C 3 N 4 exhibited the best performance in enhancing the relative content of phenolic compounds. Compared with non-catalytic pyrolysis at 550 ℃, the phenolic content increased by 24.66%. In addition, the results indicated that a CO 2 atmosphere negatively affected phenolic formation. The temperature-programmed TG-FTIR and evolved-gas analyses revealed that the presence of the Co/g-C 3 N 4 catalyst could promote the formation of CO and limit the generation of CH 4 and C 2 -C 3 hydrocarbons during the catalytic pyrolysis process. The related mechanism analysis showed that the interaction between Co 2 + /Co 3+ species on g-C 3 N 4 and Lewis-basic N sites enabled an interfacial synergistic effect for the selective formation of catechol and methyl-catechol. Furthermore, the exploratory multi-output regression analysis further verified that catalyst type primarily governed phenolic enrichment, whereas temperature mainly influenced syngas formation. Overall, this study provides a deeper understanding of the reaction pathways for the selective generation of phenolic compounds in biomass catalytic pyrolysis, and offers a practical approach for the integration of experimental analysis and data-driven methods.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
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2026
·
IF 5.1
Chong Wan,Suhang Chen,Li Ding,Qingguang Zhu,Qilong Yan,Fengqi Zhao,Kangzhen Xu
To address the challenges of nano-active component agglomeration and incomplete energy release of boron/copper oxide metastable intermixed composites (B/CuO MICs). In this work, the energetic polyvinyl pyrrolidone- nitrocellulose- cyano modified graphitic carbon nitride semi-interpenetrating-polymer-networks (PVP-NC-g-C 3 N 4 -CN sIPNs) were constructed and utilized as substrate to fabricate high energy B/CuO MICs, in which the nanoparticles can evenly disperse on the constructed sIPNs via various covalent and non-covalent interaction due to strong polar of cyano group. The constructed sIPNs can maximize the interface contact area between nano-sized B and CuO particles, and supply more active sites for exothermic redox reaction. Meanwhile, the generated gases will blow away the formed molten B 2 O 3 and other impurities, thereby facilitating interface contact between active B core and oxygen. Thus, the B/CuO shows the highest combustion heat value (10743.8 ± 191.7 J·g −1 ) when the contents of PVP, NC and g-C 3 N 4 -CN-2 are 1.25 wt%, 5.0 wt% and 5.0 wt%, respectively, and the calculated B combustion efficiency greatly increase from 25.9% to 99.6%. Besides, the thermal stability, microwave ignition delay times, burn rate, maximum pressure and pressurization rate values were also evaluated and compared with the effect of PVP-NC and PVP-NC-g-C 3 N 4 on B/CuO. This work will improve the application of B-based MICs in the fields of military and civilian.
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APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 6.9
Hui Tang,Xiaobao Chen,Zonghan Huang,Meng Liu,Xiaoping Li,Lanxuan Wen,Yu Liu,Rongwei Li,Songjun Guo,Rongzhi Chen
Inefficiency in photogenerated charge separation, especially within the in-plane heptazine units of widely used carbon nitride semiconductors, severely restricts photocatalytic H 2 evolution. Herein, a dual electric field was constructed in a novel C 3 N 4 /C 3 N 5 /CoP (CNHJ- X /CoP) composite via the synergistic integration of a C 3 N 4 /C 3 N 5 homojunction and a C 3 N 5 /CoP Schottky junction. The optimized CNHJ-5/CoP exhibits a photocurrent density 7.5 times higher than that of pure C 3 N 5 , along with a hydrogen evolution rate of 1878 μmol·g −1 ·h −1 (apparent quantum efficiency = 14.1% at 400 nm), which is 24.5% higher than that of C 3 N 5 /CoP binary composite. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, density functional theory calculations, and charge dynamics characterization collectively confirm that the dual electric field enhances the in-plane charge separation efficiency within the C 3 N 5 heptazine units and facilitates the directional transfer of photoelectrons from C 3 N 5 to both C 3 N 4 and CoP. Specifically, the homojunction promotes the retention of more holes in C 3 N 5 for reaction with triethanolamine, while the Schottky junction accelerates electron transfer to CoP for H 2 evolution, thereby driving the forward reaction. This work provides new insights into the design of advanced dual-electric-field systems for enhancing charge separation in two-dimensional nanosheets, thereby boosting photocatalytic H 2 evolution.
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MICROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2018
·Vol. 185
·期 12
·530
·
IF 5.705
Ding Chuanmin,Song Kaijing,Meng Hongyun,Zhang Bing,Zhao Zhihuan,Chang Honghong,Wei Wenlong
The authors describe an amplified photoelectrochemical immunoassay for the tumor marker carbohydrate antigen 724 (CA724). The method employs a C 3 N 4 -MoS 2 semiconductor as the photoelectric conversion layer. The nanocomposite was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and UV-vis diffuse reflectometry. The dye eosin Y was encapsulated into CaCO 3 nanospheres which then were used as labels for antibody against CA724. In addition, Fe 3 O 4 nanospheres were employed as magnetic platform for constructing photoelectrochemical sandwich immunoassay. The CaCO 3 nanospheres can be dissolved with aid of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and the carried eosin Y in CaCO 3 is released. The released dyes sensitizes the C 3 N 4 -MoS 2 semiconductor, which induces photocurrent amplification. Under optimal conditions and at a typical working voltage of 0 V (vs. SCE), the photocurrent increases linearly in the range of 0.05 mU mL −1 to 500 mU mL −1 of CA724, with a 0.02 mU mL −1 detection limit.
The C 3 N 4 -MoS 2 complex, with high efficiency of electron transport, was synthesized to construct a photoelectrochemical analytical platform. A sandwich-type immunoassay was established on the surface of magnetic beads. Carbohydrate antigen 724 in sample was detected sensitively by using sensitization of released eosin Y as signal amplifiery.
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APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
·
2021
·
IF 6.707
Zengsheng Guo,Shengnan Ni,Hao Wu,Jianfeng Wen,Xinyu Li,Tao Tang,Ming Li,Min Liu
In metal-free g-C 3 N 4 based materials, the rapid recombination of photoexcited carriers limits its photocatalytic activity. In this work, for the first time, we synthesized a new kind of diatomic-doped graphene quantum dots (GQDs), namely, nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped GQDs (NP-GQDs), and then loaded on g-C 3 N 4 surface to obtain NP-GQDs/g-C 3 N 4 composite photocatalyst. Under visible and ultraviolet irradiation, the MO photodegradation rate of NP-GQDs/g-C 3 N 4 is as high as 97.5% and 96%, respectively, which was 1.71 and 1.85 times higher than that of pure g-C 3 N 4 . The remarkable enhancement of photodegradation activity is mainly attributed to the introduction of NP-GQDs could promote the formation, transportation and separation of photoexcited carriers. Furthermore, the photocatalyst exhibits outstanding recycle stability without a significant decrease in activity after three reused runs. This study provides a new understanding of the roles played by diatomic-doped graphene quantum dots in photocatalytic systems and provides a new prospect in developing highly efficient g-C 3 N 4 -based photocatalysts.
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