Biofuels Bioproducts & Biorefining-Biofpr
·
2022
·Vol. 17
·期 2
·355-362
·
IF 5.239
Yanqian Gu,Shasha Liu,Gang Wu,Yinlong Wu,Shoujun Zhang,Yong Huang,Shu Zhang,Hong Zhang
Biomass is the sole carbon-containing renewable resource on Earth, and has high potential for the production of platform chemicals. Phenol, one of the most important platform chemicals, is generally derived from lignin conversion. In this study, the production of phenol from co-pyrolysis of cellulose and sodium borohydride at different mass ratios is investigated in detail. The results show that even a small amount of sodium borohydride (cellulose–sodium borohydride = 10:1) could effectively promote the conversion of cellulose to phenol through cellulose-derived levoglucosan intermediates. As the mass ratio of cellulose–sodium borohydride decreased, the relative content of phenol in the products significantly increased, and could be as high as 11.0% when the ratio of cellulose to sodium borohydride was 2:1. Glycosidic bonds in cellulose were considered to play an important role in its catalytic conversion. Furthermore, the resulting solid product could be used as a B-doping carbon material, which is desirable in various research fields. This study provided a novel method for the highly efficient utilization of cellulose. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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ACS Applied Nano Materials
·
2022
·
IF 6.14
Qiong Zhang,Dewen Xu,Yunfa Si,Renxin Xu,Bailu Luo,Shuangyuan He,Dan Liu
As a recently emerging 2D material, Ti3C2TX MXene, with some distinct characters, might bring opportunities for developing advanced microwave absorption materials (MAMs). Although the multilayered MXene with an accordion-like structure has been used as the building blocks to obtain composite MAMs, the exfoliated MXene (eMXene) nanosheets have rarely been explored. Herein, we construct a hierarchically structured MXene-based composite by simultaneously decorating magnetic nanosheets/particles onto eMXene sheets for an efficient microwave absorption. Systematic ex situ characterizations reveal that the eMXene sheets can act as a structure-directing agent and host to allow an interlaced growth of ultrathin CoO nanosheets and spherical Co@C nanoparticles onto their surfaces. Such structural design impedes the agglomeration of eMXene sheets and magnetic nanounits while guaranteeing the adequate exposure of polar functional groups on MXene surfaces. Meanwhile, the introduction of dual magnetic phases enables an additional magnetic loss capability and also builds massive void spaces and rich heterointerfaces between various nanounits for a significantly enhanced dielectric polarization loss, resulting in a superior impedance matching and attenuation capability. Accordingly, the optimal composite exhibits a minimum reflection loss of −73.4 dB at a thin thickness of 2.1 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth up to 5.6 GHz (12.4–18.0 GHz) at a thin thickness of 1.8 mm. This study might stimulate the further development of exfoliated MXene-based composite microwave absorbers with hierarchical structures.
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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
·
2022
·
IF 8.008
Chunyang Wei,Chengzhuang Yu,Shanshan Li,Jiyu Meng,Tiejun Li,Jingmeng Cheng,Feng Pan,Junwei Li
Digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) plays important roles in the detection and quantification of nucleic acid targets, while there still remain challenges including high cost, complex operation, and low integration of the instrumental system. Here, in this work, a novel microfluidic chip based on co-flow step emulsification is proposed for droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), which can achieve droplet generation, droplet array self-assembly, PCR amplification, and fluorescence detection on a single device. With the combination of single-layer lithography and punching operation, a step microstructure was constructed and it served as the key element to develop a Laplace pressure gradient at the Rayleigh–Plateau instability interface so as to achieve droplet generation. It is demonstrated that the fabrication of step microstructure is low cost, easy-to-operate, and reliable. In addition, the single droplet volume can be adjusted flexibly due to the co-flow design; thus, the ddPCR chip can get an ultrahigh upper limit of quantification to deal with DNA templates with high concentrations. Furthermore, the volume fraction of the resulting droplets in this ddPCR chip can be up to 72% and it results in closely spaced droplet arrays, makes the best of CCD camera for fluorescence detections, and is beneficial for the minimization of a ddPCR system. The quantitative capability of the ddPCR chip was evaluated by measuring template DNA at concentrations from 20 to 50 000 copies/μL. Owing to the characteristics of low cost, easy operation, excellent quantitative capability, and minimization, the proposed ddPCR chip meets the requirements of DNA molecule quantification and is expected to be applied in the point-of-care testing field.
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JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 45
·期 7
·1336-1344
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IF 3.614
Jiangfeng Li,Chongyuan Fan,Yating Yao,Zhaochen Liu,Fangfang Li,Binghua Jiang
Selective separation and enrichment of phosphoproteins are essential for understanding their important functions in almost all cellular processes. Here, taking advantage of the feature that cadmium ion (Cd 2+ ) has an overwhelming preference for phosphates, we developed a robust and simple Cd 2+ co-precipitation strategy for the selective isolation of intact phosphoproteins. After evaluating the feasibility of Cd 2+ in phosphoprotein precipitation, we compared the washing protocols for the removal of non-specific binding proteins and then used the best-performing protocol for the isolation of phosphoproteins from different complex samples. It was found that phosphoproteins can be specifically enriched from artificial protein mixtures containing α-casein, β-casein, and bovine serum albumin or plasma, in which bovine serum albumin or plasma were served as interferences with very high molar ratios. Applying this method to enrich phosphoproteins from complex cell lysates, a high specificity was confirmed by western blotting analysis with a phosphoprotein-specific kit. Finally, we successfully applied this method to the purification of caseins from drinking milk, highlighting its potential application in the studies where purified phosphoproteins were required. In a word, this Cd 2+ co-precipitation method enables universal and effective capture, enrichment, and detection of intact phosphoproteins, making it a powerful tool for the comprehensive analysis of the phosphoproteome.
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JOURNAL OF SOL-GEL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2022
·Vol. 102
·期 2
·400-411
·
IF 2.606
Yue Wenda,Liang Jun,Wang Honghai,Zhang Yu,Li Chunli,Su Weiyi
In the entrapment of enzymes by sol-gel method, the special procedures for obtaining the unique structure of xerogel are sometimes destructive to enzymes, while the internal structure of xerogels is easily broken. To solve the above problems, we present an economical, bio-friendly procedure for the entrapment of Candida antarctica lipase B in silica xerogel. In this procedure, an encapsulation-structured enzyme-carrying silica xerogel was produced by controlling the evaporation rate of the solvent at ambient pressure during drying, while tetramethoxysilane and methyltrimethoxysilane were used as the co-precursors. The xerogel synthesis was modified and optimized for improving the stability and reusability of the enzyme, while the xerogel characteristic structure was preserved. Moreover, the effects of the co-precursors amount on the mechanical strength, pore structure, hydrophobicity, enzyme loading, and enzyme stability of the enzyme-carrying silica xerogels were systematically investigated. And the best performance was observed at the co-precursors content of 30.28 wt%. Finally, the catalytic performance of the enzyme-carrying silica xerogels on the transesterification of n -butanol with ethyl acetate was demonstrated.
Graphical abstract
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
·
2022
·
IF 4.889
Li Chen,Jinyi Chen,Zhu Sun,Baiheng Wu,Fangfu Ye,Chun-Xia Zhao,Dong Chen
Nanoprecipitation is a flexible method to prepare biocompatible nanoparticles (NPs) for drug delivery and so on. However, it is generally hard to co-precipitate multiple polymers due to their different solvent solubility. Here, shellac/PLA/PS trimer NPs are prepared for the first time via one-step co-precipitation upon rapid solvent exchange and controlled phase separation. The morphology of shellac/PLA/PS NPs strongly depends on the interfacial tensions between different phases and could be tuned by the molecular surfactant added in the continuous aqueous phase. Since co-precipitation is a fast process, a high temperature is preferred for the system to reach the thermal equilibrium state; otherwise, the system may kinetically be locked in an intermediate state. The influences of polymer molecular weight and interfacial tension are also investigated in detail to reveal the underlying mechanisms of preparing shellac/PLA/PS trimer NPs with linear or triangular structures. This study will shield new light on the design and preparation of NPs with more diverse compositions and more complex structures via one-step co-precipitation and controlled phase separation and further expand the potential applications of NPs.
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Materials
·
2022
·Vol. 15
·期 4
·1367
·
IF 3.748
Fubing Gui,Yong Huang,Menghan Wu,Xilai Lu,Yongming Hu,Wanping Chen
A high long-term stability is crucial for room-temperature gas-sensitive metal oxide semiconductors (MOSs) to find practical applications. A series of Pd-SnO2mixtures with 2, 5, and 10 wt% Pd separately were prepared from SnO2and Pd powders. Through pressing and sintering, Pd-SnO2composite nanoceramics have been successfully prepared from the mixtures, which show responses of 50, 100, and 60 to 0.04% CO-20% O2-N2at room temperature for samples of 2, 5, and 10 wt% Pd, respectively. The room-temperature CO-sensing characteristics were degraded obviously after dozens of days’ aging for all samples. For samples of 5 wt% Pd, the response to CO was decreased by a factor of 4 after 20 days of aging. Fortunately, some rather mild heat treatments will quite effectively reactivate those aged samples. Heat treatment at 150 °C for 15 min in air tripled the response to CO for a 20 days-aged sample of 5 wt% Pd. It is proposed that the deposition of impurity gases in air on Pd in Pd-SnO2composite nanoceramics has resulted in the observed aging, while their desorption from Pd through mild heat treatments leads to the reactivation. More studies on aging and reactivation of room-temperature gas sensitive MOSs should be conducted to achieve high long-term stability for room-temperature MOS gas sensors.Keywords:CO;sensors;SnO2;aging;heat treatment;recover
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APPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY
·
2022
·Vol. 36
·期 6
·e6648
·
IF 4.072
Zehao Yu,Zijie Song,Chunshan Lu,Ying Bai,Jiayun Li,Jun Liu,Peng Liu,Jiajian Peng
Hydrosilylation employing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as the catalyst are promising because of their high catalytic reactivity and sustainability of heterogeneous catalyst. A highly simple and efficient method for the hydrosilylation of olefins catalyzed by an air-stable MOF-cobalt catalysts is developed. This approach is featured by 0.1% of Co-MOFs catalyst with excellent reactivity, recyclability, and good functional group tolerance. The Co-MOFs can catalyze hydrosilylation of styrene or its derivatives with Ph 2 SiH 2 in the presence of NaBHEt 3 . Moreover, the catalysts we developed show excellent stability, and the activity is not significantly reduced after repeating the cycle for five times.
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JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2022
·
IF 9.965
Shuo Zhao,Yuepeng Liu,Yanyun Wang,Jiasheng Fang,Yiqiang Qi,Yuming Zhou,Xiaohai Bu,Shuping Zhuo
Graphitic carbon nitride, regarded as a charming conjugated polymer, has been a visible light photocatalyst. Bulk carbon nitride endures the limited light absorption ability, few surface active sites and slow separation of photoinduced charge carriers, leading to the poor catalytic activity. Herein, a new carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) co-doped carbon nitride hollow tube with adjustable optical property (CPCN) was developed by applying melamine and polyacrylic amide as the precursors and phosphoric acid as the P source via a hydrothermal-thermal copolymerization way. The effects of polyacrylic amide content on the morphology and photocatalytic performance were intensively investigated. The special hollow tube favors the improvement of active sites and visible light harvesting ability. Meantime, C and P co-doping results in the narrow band gap and rapid charge transfer, thus enabling an enhanced catalytic activity under visible light irradiation. Particularly, CPCN-50 exhibits a remarkable H 2 generation rate of 4485.7 μmol h −1 g −1 under λ > 400 nm, which is higher than pure carbon nitride CN (902.3 μmol h −1 g −1 ), C doped sample CCN-50 (3741.1 μmol h −1 g −1 ) and P doped sample CNP (2280.0 μmol h −1 g −1 ). It implies that C, P co-doping exhibits a synergistic effect on boosting photoinduced charge transfer and hindering the recombination. Moreover, CPCN-50 illustrates a higher H 2 generation rate (3024.5 μmol h −1 g −1 ) than CN (400.8 μmol h −1 g −1 ) under λ > 420 nm irradiation. This way developed in this work might exhibit utility for synthesizing highly effective photocatalysts for the CO 2 reduction, H 2 evolution and so on.
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BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
·
2022
·
IF 5.774
Guojun Hao,Hongying Liu,Zhibing Chang,Kechen Song,Xin Yang,Han Ma,Wenjing Wang
In this work, lignin depolymerization was examined over CoMo sulfide catalysts supported on different carriers in supercritical ethanol system. The temperature, time, MoS 2 and carrier effects on the lignin depolymerization were investigated. 95.76% liquefaction yield with negligible char was achieved over Co–Mo–S/ZrO 2 at 340 °C for 150 min. The liquid product was mainly composed of C 4 –C 8 alcohols, C 4 –C 10 esters and C 7 –C 10 aromatic compounds . The synergistic effect of active sites and acid-base sites on support played an important role in lignin depolymerization. Furthermore, the Co–Mo–S/ZrO 2 catalyst is reusable with 8% loss in liquefaction yield after 5 cyclic runs. We believe that acid/base carriers or additives that can promote the medium to generate abundant free radicals or ions to replace external hydrogen pressure are one of the prospects for the design of depolymerization lignin catalysts.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2023
·
IF 15.1
Yuxiang Li,Xi Chen,Lei Zhang,Ruishan Han,Iftikhar Hussain,Xiaoxia Ma,Kaili Zhang
Metastable intermolecular composites (MICs) composed by solid fuel and oxidizer can undergo violent redox reaction with release of huge amount of energy. Integration of MIC with microelectromechanical-system (MEMS) is of particular interest to meet the demand of miniaturization in modern pyrotechnic devices. Meanwhile, fluorine-containing oxidizers are favored in MIC owing to their potential to fluorinate the oxide passivation layer in common elemental fuels. Herein, Co(OH)F was employed for the first time as a novel fluorine-containing oxidizer in Al-based MIC. Vertically aligned Co(OH)F@Al nanobelt arrays (NAs) with tunable morphology were successfully fabricated on a variety of substrates (Si, glass, Ni, Cu, Ti) via a facile hydrothermal synthesis followed by electron beam evaporation. The whole fabrication process is highly compatible with modern MEMS technology. The thermal behavior of pure Co(OH)F and Co(OH)F@Al composites was comprehensively investigated by TG-DSC and a series of ex-situ and in-situ characterization. It was found that, Co(OH)F@Al composites achieved main exothermal reaction before melting of Al regardless of morphology and equivalence ratio. This feature is attributed to the etching of Al 2 O 3 shell by HF released from Co(OH)F which is termed as pre-ignition reaction. To elucidate the effect of micro-structure on the actual specific heat release, we proposed a phenomenological model which can be a reference for future micro-structure design of MIC.
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JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2023
·
IF 9.9
Yanan Huang,Konghu Tian,Chao Zhang,Jing Wang,Ruiwen Shu,Zhihong Chen,Xiaowei Liu,Yufei Li,Lixin Xu
Biomass material has gained significant popularity due to its potential to meet the requirements of green and sustainable development in modern times. It is widely used in various fields, especially for absorbing electromagnetic waves (EMW). In this study, we used luffa sponge carbon (CLS) as a lightweight and porous carbon source. Through a static reaction and heat treatment process, we successfully loaded coral sheet cobalt onto the surface of CLS to create lightweight and efficient luffa sponge carbon/cobalt (CLS/Co) composites for EMW absorption. We controlled the microstructure and electromagnetic properties of the CLS/Co composites by adjusting the pyrolysis temperature. At 700 °C, the CLS/Co composites showed a minimum reflection loss ( RL min ) of –60.81 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 5.56 GHz at a very thin thickness of 1.68 mm. Moreover, at a pyrolysis temperature of 800 °C, the absorption strength of the CLS/Co composites reached –50 dB at various thicknesses.
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