Journal of Water Process Engineering
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2025
·
IF 6.7
Ning Liu,Pengxiao Liu,Zhen Du,Zhenxing Zeng,Yongqiu Zheng,Chenyang Xue,Jing Lu
Advancing novel photocatalytic systems for efficient antibiotic removal is a key strategy for sustainable water purification. However, it remains technically challenging to balance high charge separation efficiency with broad-spectrum light absorption. Herein, the g-C 3 N 4 /Bi/BiPO 4 composite photocatalyst featuring a Z -scheme heterojunction mediated by Bi nanoparticles was synthesized and systematically evaluated. This unique structure integrates surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to simultaneously enhance charge separation and visible light absorption, addressing limitations of traditional g-C 3 N 4 -based systems. Photoelectrochemical characterization confirmed its superior charge separation and rapid electron transfer. Energy band analyses via UV–Vis DRS, XPS valence, and Mott-Schottky tests revealed that the Z -Scheme heterojunction, formed through an internal electric field and mediated by Bi, effectively enhanced the processes of charge separation and light absorption synchronously. Under simulated solar light irradiation, the composite exhibited a 97.5 % tetracycline degradation rate within 90 min, with a reaction rate constant of 4.00 × 10 −2 min −1 , significantly outperforming individual g-C 3 N 4 and BiPO 4 catalysts. Reactive species trapping experiments identified ·OH, ·O 2 − , 1 O 2 and h + as the dominant reactive species in tetracycline degradation. Overall, this study provides a solid theoretical foundation and experimental support for the practical application of photocatalytic technology in wastewater treatment.
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高影响因子
Chemistry-Switzerland
·
2025
·Vol. 7
·期 5
·168
·
IF 2.4
Hongwei Pang,Guangyao Liu,Xinming Wang,Shuhe Liu,Juan Wang,Jinxian Cui,Jie Zhou,Ziyan Zhou
Photocatalytic oxidation technology harnesses solar energy for pollutant mineralization, presenting significant potential for environmental applications. A critical bottleneck remains the development of high-performance photocatalysts. This study centers on the non-metallic semiconductor material graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). To overcome the inherent limitations of pristine g-C3N4, including limited surface area, rapid charge carrier recombination, and inadequate active sites, it implements surface engineering strategies employing acidic (H2SO4) or basic (K2CO3) agents to modulate microstructure, introduce defect sites (cyano/amino groups), and optimize bandgap engineering. These modifications synergistically enhanced photogenerated charge carrier separation efficiency and surface reactivity, leading to efficient dye degradation. Notably, the K2CO3-modified catalyst (g-C3N4-OH), synthesized with a mass ratio of m(g-C3N4):m(K2CO3) = 1:1, achieved 92.2% Rhodamine B degradation within 50 min under visible light, surpassing pristine g-C3N4(20.6%), the optimized H2SO4-modified sample (g-C3N4-HS, 60.9%), and even template-synthesized g-C3N4-SBA (79.6%). The g-C3N4-OH catalyst demonstrated exceptional performance under both visible light and natural solar illumination. Combining facile synthesis, cost-effectiveness, superior activity, and robust stability, this work provides a novel approach for developing high-efficiency non-metallic photocatalysts applicable to dye wastewater.
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高影响因子
TALANTA
·
2025
·
IF 6.1
Boya Ma,Wenshi Zhao,Yu Wu,Xiangyue Wan,Hang Zhao,Yongdan Wang,Jihui Lang,Jinying Li,Yang Liu
Tetracycline (TC), a widely used broad-spectrum antibiotic for treating bacterial infections, poses significant risks to human health and ecological environments caused by extensive abuse. Hence, sensitive detection and efficient degradation of TC are crucial for protecting both human health and ecological environment. In this work, a multifunctional Z-scheme Cu 2 O@Ag/g-C 3 N 4 heterojunction was designed and constructed in order to achieve both ultrasensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection and efficient photocatalytic degradation of TC. The influence of the Ag content on the SERS performance was investigated using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The charge transfer (CT) mechanism was deduced by band gap and Fermi level calculations. The results showed that the synergistic effect of electromagnetic enhancement (EM) and chemical enhancement (CE) contributed to the excellent SERS sensitivity of Cu 2 O@Ag/g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposites (NCs). The limit of detection (LOD) for TC using Cu 2 O@Ag/g-C 3 N 4 NCs as SERS substrate was as low as 10 −12 M, and the SERS substrate could also be used to TC detection in real milk samples. In addition, Cu 2 O@Ag/g-C 3 N 4 NCs could also act as the efficient photocatalyst to achieve the removal of TC with degradation rate of 94 % under visible light irradiation. Especially, the Cu 2 O@Ag/g-C 3 N 4 NCs maintained excellent photocatalytic performance even after six cycles. Possible degradation pathways and photocatalytic degradation mechanism of TC catalyzed by Cu 2 O@Ag/g-C 3 N 4 NCs were also proposed. This multifunctional Z-scheme Cu 2 O@Ag/g-C 3 N 4 NCs should thus have great potential for the integration of ultrasensitive SERS detection and efficient degradation of antibiotics.
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PubMed
高影响因子
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 6.9
Hui Tang,Xiaobao Chen,Zonghan Huang,Meng Liu,Xiaoping Li,Lanxuan Wen,Yu Liu,Rongwei Li,Songjun Guo,Rongzhi Chen
Inefficiency in photogenerated charge separation, especially within the in-plane heptazine units of widely used carbon nitride semiconductors, severely restricts photocatalytic H 2 evolution. Herein, a dual electric field was constructed in a novel C 3 N 4 /C 3 N 5 /CoP (CNHJ- X /CoP) composite via the synergistic integration of a C 3 N 4 /C 3 N 5 homojunction and a C 3 N 5 /CoP Schottky junction. The optimized CNHJ-5/CoP exhibits a photocurrent density 7.5 times higher than that of pure C 3 N 5 , along with a hydrogen evolution rate of 1878 μmol·g −1 ·h −1 (apparent quantum efficiency = 14.1% at 400 nm), which is 24.5% higher than that of C 3 N 5 /CoP binary composite. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, density functional theory calculations, and charge dynamics characterization collectively confirm that the dual electric field enhances the in-plane charge separation efficiency within the C 3 N 5 heptazine units and facilitates the directional transfer of photoelectrons from C 3 N 5 to both C 3 N 4 and CoP. Specifically, the homojunction promotes the retention of more holes in C 3 N 5 for reaction with triethanolamine, while the Schottky junction accelerates electron transfer to CoP for H 2 evolution, thereby driving the forward reaction. This work provides new insights into the design of advanced dual-electric-field systems for enhancing charge separation in two-dimensional nanosheets, thereby boosting photocatalytic H 2 evolution.
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MICROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2018
·Vol. 185
·期 12
·530
·
IF 5.705
Ding Chuanmin,Song Kaijing,Meng Hongyun,Zhang Bing,Zhao Zhihuan,Chang Honghong,Wei Wenlong
The authors describe an amplified photoelectrochemical immunoassay for the tumor marker carbohydrate antigen 724 (CA724). The method employs a C 3 N 4 -MoS 2 semiconductor as the photoelectric conversion layer. The nanocomposite was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and UV-vis diffuse reflectometry. The dye eosin Y was encapsulated into CaCO 3 nanospheres which then were used as labels for antibody against CA724. In addition, Fe 3 O 4 nanospheres were employed as magnetic platform for constructing photoelectrochemical sandwich immunoassay. The CaCO 3 nanospheres can be dissolved with aid of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and the carried eosin Y in CaCO 3 is released. The released dyes sensitizes the C 3 N 4 -MoS 2 semiconductor, which induces photocurrent amplification. Under optimal conditions and at a typical working voltage of 0 V (vs. SCE), the photocurrent increases linearly in the range of 0.05 mU mL −1 to 500 mU mL −1 of CA724, with a 0.02 mU mL −1 detection limit.
The C 3 N 4 -MoS 2 complex, with high efficiency of electron transport, was synthesized to construct a photoelectrochemical analytical platform. A sandwich-type immunoassay was established on the surface of magnetic beads. Carbohydrate antigen 724 in sample was detected sensitively by using sensitization of released eosin Y as signal amplifiery.
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高影响因子
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
·
2021
·
IF 6.707
Zengsheng Guo,Shengnan Ni,Hao Wu,Jianfeng Wen,Xinyu Li,Tao Tang,Ming Li,Min Liu
In metal-free g-C 3 N 4 based materials, the rapid recombination of photoexcited carriers limits its photocatalytic activity. In this work, for the first time, we synthesized a new kind of diatomic-doped graphene quantum dots (GQDs), namely, nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped GQDs (NP-GQDs), and then loaded on g-C 3 N 4 surface to obtain NP-GQDs/g-C 3 N 4 composite photocatalyst. Under visible and ultraviolet irradiation, the MO photodegradation rate of NP-GQDs/g-C 3 N 4 is as high as 97.5% and 96%, respectively, which was 1.71 and 1.85 times higher than that of pure g-C 3 N 4 . The remarkable enhancement of photodegradation activity is mainly attributed to the introduction of NP-GQDs could promote the formation, transportation and separation of photoexcited carriers. Furthermore, the photocatalyst exhibits outstanding recycle stability without a significant decrease in activity after three reused runs. This study provides a new understanding of the roles played by diatomic-doped graphene quantum dots in photocatalytic systems and provides a new prospect in developing highly efficient g-C 3 N 4 -based photocatalysts.
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高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
·
2022
·
IF 8.431
Yanqing Cong,Xiang Chen,Qiuyu Zheng,Yi Zhang,Shi-Wen Lv
Poor water stability and difficult separation severely limited the application of Co-based catalysts in persulfate activation . Herein, for the first time, the calcium alginate-immobilized Co-g–C 3 N 4 –2 composite microspheres were prepared by a feasible method. Notably, embedding Co ion into g-C 3 N 4 can improve its specific surface area and electrochemical activities. More significantly, as-prepared Co-g–C 3 N 4 –2 microsphere presented excellent catalytic performance in PMS activation for the degradation of TC. For the activation mechanisms of PMS over Co-g–C 3 N 4 –2 microspheres, the calcium alginate microspheres could mediate the direct electron transfer between TC and PMS, while both radical and nonradical pathways were involved in the activation of PMS over Co-g–C 3 N 4 –2. Meanwhile, SO 4 •− , OH • , O 2 •− and 1 O 2 were major reactive oxygen species formed in the Co-g–C 3 N 4 –2 microsphere/PMS system. Proposed Co-g–C 3 N 4 –2 microsphere/PMS system still exhibited great degradation ability towards TC over a wide pH range, and co-existing anions had weak influence on TC degradation over Co-g–C 3 N 4 –2 microsphere/PMS system. Moreover, the construction of Co-g–C 3 N 4 –2 microspheres not only avoided the release of metal ion from catalyst, but also provided convenience for the recovery of catalyst. In short, current work shared some novel insights into the application of heterogeneous catalysis in persulfate activation for wastewater treatment .
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APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 6.6
Dongfeng Sun,Jiaxin Liu,Yu Kang,Yanning Qu,Yuan Yu,Shukai Ding,Guohui Dong
The widespread application of TiO 2 in photocatalytic hydrogen (H 2 ) evolution is severely hampered by its wide bandgap and rapid charge carrier recombination. Herein, a well-defined yolk-shell TiO 2 @g-C 3 N 4 S-scheme heterojunction was rationally engineered via a facile peroxidation-assisted strategy to significantly enhance photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The synthesis included stepwise fabrication of a TiO 2 @SiO 2 @g-C 3 N 4 dual-core–shell intermediate, followed by selective etching of the sacrificial SiO 2 interlayer to form the tailored hollow structure. This unique architecture enhances light harvesting via internal scattering, shortens carrier migration distance and facilitates charge separation relying on the spatially confined ultrathin g-C 3 N 4 shell. The optimized TCN-2 photocatalyst achieves a prominent H 2 evolution rate of 134 μmol·g −1 ·h −1 under visible light, which is 6.4 times that of pure TiO 2 . Systematic characterizations (XRD, XPS, TEM, UV–Vis DRS, PL, TRPL, photoelectrochemical and Mott-Schottky analyses) verify the successful heterojunction formation, efficient interfacial charge transfer and favorable internal electric field for S-scheme carrier migration. This work offers a controllable strategy for advanced yolk-shell heterostructures and highlights architectural engineering’s pivotal role in realizing photonic-electronic synergy for high-efficiency solar fuel generation.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 9.6
Xiaolei Bao,Mingze Li,Yanghua Xie,Xingyun Luo,Fengxia Tong,Xizhuang Liang,Difei Xiao,Zeyan Wang
Photocatalytic plastic reforming for H 2 production offers a promising eco-friendly strategy for waste resource upcycling, yet constructing efficient single-atom photocatalysts remains a challenge. Herein, we report a support doping strategy to tailor the coordination environment of single atoms, and develop a single-atom Pt decorated P-doped g-C 3 N 4 photocatalyst (Pt 1 /PCN). The Pt 1 /PCN featuring an asymmetric Pt N 3 structure exhibits a H 2 production rate of 2722.8 μmol g −1 h −1 , which is 17.3 times that of Pt/CN and 7.8 times that of Pt 1 /CN, and outperforms previously reported CN-based photocatalysts. Mechanistic studies indicate that the asymmetric Pt N 3 configuration enhances the internal electric field, effectively facilitating the separation of photogenerated charges. Meanwhile, the doped P atoms serve as electron donors to alleviate the electron deficiency of Pt sites, promoting the upward shift of the d-band center of Pt, thereby optimizing the reaction kinetics for H 2 evolution. More importantly, the practical applicability of Pt 1 /PCN is demonstrated by its excellent performance in outdoor photocatalytic plastic reforming for H 2 production. This work presents a rational design strategy for the construction of efficient single-atom photocatalysts and provides in-depth insights into the atomic-level mechanism of H 2 evolution.
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高影响因子
Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry
·
2026
·Vol. 15
·期 5
·e70423
·
IF 2.3
Zhiqi Song,Xu Jia,Xiulian Wang,Jiaqi Zhang,Liuxue Zhang,Jiaolong Qiao,Lidan Yang
In order to enhance the separation efficiency of charge carriers and thereby increase the rate of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, a novel heterojunction composite material, Mo/Co-MOF@g-C 3 N 4 , was synthesized by loading flower-like Mo/Co-MOF onto two-dimensional ultrathin g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets through the regulation of the energy band alignment position of the materials. The construction of this heterojunction was designed to modulate the carrier transfer pathway, thereby addressing the poor adsorption capacity and sluggish migration of photogenerated electron–hole pairs in photocatalytic processes. This modification led to a significant enhancement in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution efficiency. Experimental results demonstrated a remarkable hydrogen evolution rate of 2.96 mmol·g − 1 ·h − 1 for the composite material. This performance represents an 8-fold enhancement compared to the rate of 0.37 mmol·g − 1 ·h − 1 observed for the pristine ultrathin g-C 3 N 4 . Furthermore, the composite exhibited excellent stability, maintaining its high activity without significant degradation over multiple cyclic testing runs. The Mo/Co-MOF@g-C 3 N 4 composite demonstrates both high hydrogen production yield and robust stability in photocatalytic water splitting reactions. This work presents a promising and novel candidate for future research in photocatalysts for hydrogen generation.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 9.6
Chenxi Gao,Changcun Han,Hao Xiang,Zhuo Peng,Yinbo Tong,Chengyi Zhang,Hui Lv,Yizhong Huang
Precise control of the photogenerated charge dynamics and the electronic configuration of active sites is key to enhancing the performance of photocatalytic hydrogen-producing materials. Here, we report an efficient one-pot strategy to prepare sulfur-doped g-C 3 N 4 (SCN). Furthermore, a PtNd/SCN composite photocatalyst was successfully fabricated by loading a platinum (Pt)‑neodymium (Nd) alloy onto the SCN surface via an H 2 reduction method. Using trithiocyanuric acid as a single precursor to supply C, N, and S enables uniform S doping within the g-C 3 N 4 framework, broadening the light absorption range and optimizing the band structure. Pt serves as the primary hydrogen-evolving active site, while Nd acts as an “electronic co-catalyst” for Pt, forming strong electronic interactions through its unique 4f orbital structure. HRTEM and XPS analyses confirm the formation of a Pt Nd alloy interface and directional electron transfer from Nd to Pt, effectively modulating the Pt d-band center and optimizing the adsorption free energy of hydrogen intermediates, thereby significantly enhancing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) kinetics. The experimental results show that the optimized PtNd/SCN composite photocatalyst exhibits a markedly enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production rate under simulated sunlight, reaching 5468 μmol·g −1 ·h −1 —5 times higher than Pt/CN (1074 μmol·g −1 ·h −1 ) and 1.3 times that of Pt/SCN (4076 μmol·g −1 ·h −1 ). PL, TRPL, and photoelectrochemical measurements confirm that the introduction of Nd promotes the migration of photo-generated electrons from SCN to Pt, thereby significantly suppressing carrier recombination. This study reveals the unique mechanism by which the rare earth element Nd acts as an electronic regulator for the d-band center of Pt, providing new insights into the design of photocatalytic systems with low Pt loading. Download: Download high-res image (144KB) Download: Download full-size image
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高影响因子
CATALYSIS TODAY
·
2026
·
IF 5.1
Xiaoyi Liu,Yuhang Xu,Hong Chen,Yao Wang,Yuanlin Chen,Runzhao Zhang,Yongqi Tang,Yongdan Li
Sunlight-driven conversion of biomass into value-added chemicals is crucial for building a sustainable energy future. However, this process often suffers from inefficient light utilization and unclear regulation of reactive oxygen species in photocatalysis. An Fe-doped graphitic carbon nitride (CNFe) photocatalyst was synthesized via a thermal polymerization method and 71.53% conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) with 55.56% selectivity to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) were achieved under visible light. The catalyst was reused for at least four consecutive cycles without significant activity loss, demonstrating good recyclability and stability. Fe doping created a porous sheet-like structure with uniformly embedded Fe 3 O 4 nanocrystals and active Fe-N x sites, which enhanced visible-light absorption and charge separation. The Fe 3 O 4 /g‑C 3 N 4 Z‑scheme heterojunction, synergizing with the redox‑active Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ sites, facilitates efficient O 2 activation to generate selectively superoxide radicals (•O 2 - ). This work demonstrates a feasible strategy for designing efficient non-noble-metal photocatalysts and provides deeper insight into ROS regulation for the sustainable upgrading of biomass-derived feedstocks.
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高影响因子
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