Scientific Reports
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2024
·Vol. 14
·期 1
·1-11
·
IF 3.8
Chen Hongxing,Huang Xiaoyun,Chen Hui,Zhang Song,Fan Chengwu,Fu Tianling,He Tengbing,Gao Zhenran
Cadmium (Cd) pollution is a serious threat to food safety and human health. Minimizing Cd uptake and enhancing Cd tolerance in plants are vital to improve crop yield and reduce hazardous effects to humans. In this study, we designed three Cd concentration stress treatments (Cd1: 0.20 mg·kg −1 , Cd2: 0.60 mg·kg −1 , and Cd3: 1.60 mg·kg −1 ) and two foliar silicon (Si) treatments (CK: no spraying of any material, and Si: foliar Si spraying) to conduct pot experiments on soil Cd stress. The results showed that spraying Si on the leaves reduced the Cd content in brown rice by 4.79–42.14%. Si application increased net photosynthetic rate (Pn) by 1.77–4.08%, stomatal conductance (Gs) by 5.27–23.43%, transpiration rate (Tr) by 2.99–20.50% and intercellular carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentration (Ci) by 6.55–8.84%. Foliar spraying of Si significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in rice leaves by 9.84–14.09% and 4.69–53.09%, respectively, and reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) by 7.83–48.72%. In summary, foliar Si spraying protects the photosynthesis and antioxidant system of rice canopy leaves, and is an effective method to reduce the Cd content in brown rice.
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Scientific Reports
·
2024
·Vol. 14
·期 1
·1-15
·
IF 3.8
Hao Pengcheng,Shi Rui,Wang Xuanhang,Zhang Juan,Li Bo,Wang Jing,Liu Bo,Liu Yayuan,Qiao Xin,Wang Zhongzhi
Efficient harnessing of solar energy presents a significant challenge in environmental cleanup efforts. This study develops a highly effective carbon quantum dots-modified hollow core-shell TiO 2 -LaFeO 3 heterojunction photocatalyst (CDs-TLFO). Structural analysis confirmed that nanosheets are loaded with CQDs, forming a hollow core-shell structure with intimate interconnection. Photocatalytic experiments reveal that CDs-TLFO degrads tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) 2.02 times faster than TLFO alone, and significantly outperformes h-TiO 2 and LaFeO 3 (11.28 and 2.78 times, respectively). This enhancement is attributed to CQDs acting as electron acceptors with upconversion properties, enhancing the separation of e – -h + pairs and boosting visible light absorption. Integration of CQDs onto the TLFO surface creates numerous active sites and enhances visible light absorption. SEM and TEM tests confirm that the catalyst has a hollow core-shell structure. ESR tests and radical trapping experiments indicate that the high degradation efficiency of the catalyst mainly owns to the synergistic effect of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and superoxide radicals (·O 2 − ). The reusability and stability of the catalysts are investigated, potential TC degradation pathways are proposed as well as the photocatalytic reaction mechanism is revealed. This research introduces promising avenues for environmental cleanup and offers a straightforward, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly method for producing CDs-TLFO heterojunction materials with superior photocatalytic capabilities.
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Nature Communications
·
2025
·Vol. 16
·期 1
·1-10
·
IF 15.7
Yang Wenqiang,Liu Huan,Chang Xiaoxia,Zhang Yunlong,Cai Yafeng,Li Yifan,Cui Yi,Xu Bingjun,Yu Liang,Cui Xiaoju,Deng Dehui
Electrocatalytic NO reduction reaction (NORR) offers a promising route for sustainable NH 3 synthesis along with removal of NO pollutant. However, it remains a great challenge to accomplish both high NH 3 production rate and long duration to satisfy industrial application demands. Here, we report an in situ-formed hierarchical porous Cu nanowire array monolithic electrode ensembled in a pressurized electrolyzer to regulate NORR reaction kinetics and thermodynamics, which delivers an industrial-level NH 3 partial current density of 1007 mA cm –2 with Faradaic efficiency of 96.1% and remains stable at 1000 mA cm –2 for 100 hours. Integrating the Cu nanowire array monolithic electrode with pressurized electrolyzer boosts the NH 3 production rate to 10.5 mmol h –1 cm –2 , which is over tenfold that using commercial Cu foam at 1 atm. The NORR performance can be attributed to the promoted NO mass transfer to the enriched Cu surface, which could increase the NO coverage on Cu and then destabilize adsorbed NO and weaken hydrogen adsorption, thereby facilitating NO hydrogenation to NH 3 while suppressing the competing hydrogen evolution.
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METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
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2024
·Vol. 55
·期 5
·3995-4000
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IF 2.4
Chen Angran,Zhang Yanyun,Coetsee Theresa,Kaldre Imants,Wang Cong
EH36-shipbuilding steel has been welded by CaF 2 -ZrO 2 fluxes with designed ZrO 2 additions. Possible chemical and electrochemical reactions have been postulated to analyze alloying element transfer behaviors. The decomposition of ZrO 2 during SAW has been validated by applying the gas–slag–metal equilibrium model and the O supply capacity of ZrO 2 has been quantified. For the entire compositional range, O content has been controlled within a well-maintained range from 220 to 400 ppm, and the transferred quantity of Zr content reaches to the maximum value of 120 ppm. It is further demonstrated that ZrO 2 addition incurs appreciable Si loss within the weld metal.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
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2024
·Vol. 59
·期 47
·21909-21929
·
IF 3.5
Zhang Hao,Wang Youqiang,Duan Jizhou
High-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings can impart high strength, hardness, and corrosion resistance, enhancing the service life of the alloy. This opens up a new path for HEA in practical applications. This research focuses on HEA composite coatings made up of AlCrCoFeNi/x Ta 2 O 5 (x = 2, 6, 10, 20 (wt%)) fabricated through the metal 3D printing technique for cladding. A comprehensive investigation was conducted on the morphology, microstructure, electrochemical corrosion, hardness, and dry wear properties of coatings doped with varying contents of Ta 2 O 5 particles. This was achieved through including optical microscopy, laser confocal microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that the prepared coatings exhibited a relatively flat surface without any discernible defects, such as cracks or porosity. The surface of the coating consists of three distinct regions: flat zones, splash particle zones, and overlapping joint zones. The overall morphology is characterized by a rough texture. The surface quality of the coating is optimized when the Ta₂O₅ content is 10%. The coating predominantly comprises face-centered cubic and body-centered cubic (BCC) phases. With an increase in the doping content of Ta₂O₅ particles, the BCC phase and the coating’s hardness also increase. Furthermore, the passivation film on the surface of the coating is predominantly composed of Al, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, and Ta oxides, exhibiting exceptional stability. The doped of 10 wt% Ta₂O₅ to the coating resulted in excellent corrosion and wear resistance. The highest E corr value was − 0.65 V, the lowest I corr value was 7.63 × 10 –6 A/cm 2 , and the largest R p value was 4693 Ω/cm 2 . Additionally, the coating exhibited the highest surface hardness of the coating exhibited a hardness of 585.58 HV, a wear rate of 6.519 × 10 –2 mm 3 N −1 mm −1 , and a minimal wear volume of 19.01 mm 3 . These characteristics are illustrative of the coating’s performance. Graphical abstract
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AQUACULTURE INTERNATIONAL
·
2025
·Vol. 33
·期 1
·1-18
·
IF 2.4
Sha Yuanpu,Chen Yuhuan,Dong Jing,Gao Xiaofei,Yuan Huatao,Zhang Jingxiao,Gao Yunni,Li Xuejun
This study aims to verify the effects of astaxanthin microcapsules on the growth, physiology, and nutritional value of Cyprinus carpio ( C. carpio ), and evaluate the feasibility and safety of microcapsule technology in aquaculture. In this experiment, natural and synthetic astaxanthin were encapsulated in microcapsules, with empty microcapsules used as a control, and C. carpio was fed these diets for 8 weeks. Growth, muscle quality, and the antioxidant system were then assessed. The results showed that (1) the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and condition factor (K) in group A (natural astaxanthin) and group B (synthetic astaxanthin) were significantly higher than those in the control group, with no significant differences in viscerosomatic index (VSI) or hepatosomatic index (HSI) across the groups. (2) Astaxanthin supplementation enhanced the antioxidant activity in the hepatopancreas of C. carpio . Total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity significantly increased, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased, while no significant changes were observed in total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) or catalase (CAT) activity. The sod1 and gpx1a genes were significantly upregulated in group A. (3) Astaxanthin also improved muscle nutritional quality by significantly increasing crude protein content, reducing crude ash content, and enhancing water-holding capacity. Amino acid and fatty acid composition also showed improvement. Overall, this study suggests that natural astaxanthin may be superior to synthetic astaxanthin, and provides preliminary evidence that self-made astaxanthin microcapsules are safe for future aquaculture, offering a scientific basis for sustainable and eco-friendly aquaculture practices.
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Nature Communications
·
2025
·Vol. 16
·期 1
·1-20
·
IF 15.7
Luo Xiaobin,Yang Jia,Zhao Yonggang,Nagayasu Toshitatsu,Chen Junlin,Hu Peilun,He Zhi,Li Zifan,Wu Jun,Zhao Zhe,Duan Guman,Sun Xiaodan,Zhao Lingyun,Pan Yongwei,Wang Xiumei
Chronic allodynia stemming from peripheral stump neuromas can persist for extended periods, significantly compromising patients’ quality of life. Conventional managements for nerve stumps have demonstrated limited effectiveness in ensuring their orderly termination. In this study, we present a spatially confined conduit strategy, designed to enhance the self-organization of regenerating nerves after truncation. This innovative approach elegantly enables the autonomous slowing of axonal outgrowth in response to the gradually constricting space, concurrently suppressing neuroinflammation through YAP-mediated mechanotransduction activation. Meanwhile, the decelerating axons exhibit excellent alignment and remyelination, thereby helping to prevent failure modes in nerve self-organization, such as axonal twisting in congested regions and overgrowth beyond the conduit’s capacity. Additionally, proteins associated with mechanical allodynia, including TRPA1 and CGRP, exhibit a gradual reduction in expression as spatial constraints tighten, a trend inversely validated by the administration of the YAP-targeted inhibitor Verteporfin. This spatially confined conduit strategy significantly alleviates allodynia, thus preventing autotomy behavior and reducing pain-induced gait alterations.
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RARE METALS
·
2025
·
IF 11
Wen Lan-Chao,Guan Li,Zhang Jia-Xin,Zhu Yu-Jie,Chen Peng,Suo Jia-Lu,Zhao Biao,Zhang Rui
The solid solution formed by the combination of multiple cations has been extensively investigated due to its distinctive lattice distortion effect, which imparts unique electromagnetic properties. In particular, the regulation of dielectric and magnetic properties can be achieved through element selection. Herein, the stability of Ta x Nb 1- x C was predicted through geometric optimization of crystal structure, and Ta x Nb 1- x C nanowires were successfully synthesized through F-ion-assisted carbothermal reduction method. The introduction of bimetallic ions forms significant carbon defects and lattice distortion, which undoubtedly induces the formation of strong interface polarization and defect polarization, resulting in high dielectric loss. Furthermore, the significant presence of imperfections leads to a decrease in both the dielectric constant and conductivity, thereby achieving impedance balance. The design of a one-dimensional structure also facilitates the formation of conductive pathways, promoting carrier transitions. Benefiting from a variety of loss mechanisms and appropriate impedance matching, solid solution Ta x Nb 1- x C shows excellent electromagnetic wave absorption (EWA) performance. This research presents a promising strategy for developing single-phase materials with excellent EWA performance. Graphical abstract
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
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2024
·Vol. 35
·期 33
·1-8
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IF 2.8
Na Rishun,Ma Yongbo,Chao Luomeng
The alkaline earth metal tungsten bronze Ca 0.1 WO 3 was successfully synthesized using the solid-state reaction method. XRD, SEM, and TEM analyses confirmed the good crystallinity of the material, although severe particle aggregation was observed. Optical property tests revealed low absorption and reflection in the visible light region, and higher values in the near-infrared region for Ca 0.1 WO 3 . XPS measurements and DFT theoretical calculations suggested that the introduction of Ca ions transformed WO 3 from a semiconductor to a metallic state, with partial reduction of hexavalent W to pentavalent W. This introduced additional free electrons to the material, resulting in localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects under incident light, significantly enhancing its near-infrared absorption performance. These characteristics of alkaline earth metal tungsten bronze make it a potential candidate for transparent thermal insulation materials.
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MICROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2025
·Vol. 192
·期 2
·1-10
·
IF 5.3
Zhou Shushu,Liu Zhenhua,Peng Xueyu,Zhang Dailiang,Yang Minghui
An exciting upconversion nanoprobe conditioning strategy is proposed to improve the signal-to-background ratio (SBR) through a dye-sensitized strategy, in which the dye functions both as a recognition unit of the detection target and as a sensitizer to amplify the visible luminescence of the lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), instead of a quencher. The application of this dye-sensitized upconversion nanoprobe to the visual detection of nerve agent mimics diethoxy phosphatidylcholine (DCP) showed excellent detection performance, with up to 110-fold enhancement of the luminescence response of the probe in DCP solution and a detection limit as low as 2 nM. Finally, we performed visual detection of DCP solution and vapor by using test strips containing the probe. It is promising to apply the probe to monitor the leakage of DCP in the real environment. Graphical abstract
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Food Biophysics
·
2024
·Vol. 20
·期 1
·1-13
·
IF 2.8
Chen Xing-Shuo,Yang Jie,Mao Yi-Nuo,Sun Gui-Jin,Li Ying-Qiu,Wang Chen-Ying,Liang Yan,Zhao Xiang-Zhong,Mo Hai-Zhen
This study investigated the bitterness, structure, physicochemical properties and functional properties of peanut protein hydrolysate (PPH) debittered using β-CD and 2-butanol. The sensory properties of debittered PPH were characterized using sensory evaluation combined with electronic tongue and colorimetric analysis. High-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy characterized the structures of debittered PPH. Surface hydrophobicity, components of amino acids, and DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging capacities characterized the functional and physicochemical properties of debittered PPH. Bitterness of PPHF-4 with combined treatment of β-CD and 2-butanol was negligible with bitterness score (0.24) and almost unchanged color. Moreover, PPHF-4 retained a high level of umami with the electronic tongue umami response value (12.95). Surface hydrophobicity and amino acid analyses showed that PPHF-4 had the lowest surface hydrophobicity (8.36) and hydrophobic amino acids (202.62 mg/g) content among PPHs debittered. HPSEC analysis showed that compared to untreated PPH, protein hydrolysates less than 5.57 kDa in PPHF-4 were obviously reduced and less than 1.68 kDa were completely removed. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging IC50 of PPHF-4 was 0.67 and 0.40 mg/mL, which was decreased but still had a high level of antioxidant properties compared to PPH (0.44 and 0.34 mg/mL).
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IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 2.4
Mao Xiaoyu,Ye Zi,Liang Jiaming,Lin Jiawen,Mei Xinyu,Deng Danfeng,Shi Renjie,Wang Zefeng
The development of durable and effective antibacterial materials has been a research hotspot. Here, we reported a new kind of long-lasting stable antibacterial material [Cu-metal–organic framework (MOF)-embedded polyethylene (PE)/ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), namely Cu-MOF-embedded PE/EVA] through extrusion foaming, and its structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The degree of agglomeration or cluster formation, thermal stability, and melting point temperature of different contents of Cu-MOF/PE/EVA foams were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The results indicated that with the increase of Cu-MOF content, the average size and swelling ratio for foams increased, instead, the density decreased. Besides, the surface gradually showed good hydrophobicity. Remarkably, the water absorption rate was nearly 8 times that of pure PE/EVA when the Cu-MOF content reached 3%. Since Cu-MOF is stably embedded in the foaming structure and well dispersed, it can release Cu 2+ at a rate of about 37 ppb/day in foams containing 3% Cu-MOF, which not only maintains the antimicrobial capacity up to 99.2%, but also have no cytotoxicity. Finally, a promising new candidate for medical material with excellent, durable antibacterial ability was proposed. Graphical Abstract
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