FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
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2023
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IF 7.5
Xin Zhang,Jingyun Jiang,Hao Li
Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of bio-oils obtained by rapid pyrolysis of biomass into high value-added chemicals generally required harsh conditions. Herein, three kinds of mixed-phase ZrO 2 supports (denoted as ZSX, X = 2–4) with different crystal structure proportions were prepared by one-pot hydrothermal synthesis method, and their performance on the properties of Pd/ZrO 2 catalysts were investigated for vanillin HDO. Pd/ZS3 exhibited excellent efficiency in HDO of vanillin, a typical model compound of lignin, achieving approximately 100% yield of 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (MMP) in presence of n-butanol as solvent and polymethyl hydrogen siloxane (PMHS) as hydrogen donor under mild conditions (35 °C, 1 h). It was due to catalytic synergy of exposed metal active sites, oxygen vacancies (O v ) and acid sites to occur electron transfer and enhance interaction between Pd and ZrO 2 . By tuning the crystal structure of ZrO 2 support, the influence of O v and acid sites of Pd/ZrO 2 over vanillin HDO performance was investigated, Pd/ZS2 with abundant O v and Pd/ZS4 with substantial acid sites promoted hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis , respectively, Pd/ZS3 possessed preferable conversion and selectivity as having the properties of both at once. Additionally, reaction pathway was also proposed in which vanillin was converted to MMP by combining intermediate of 4-hydroxy-methyl-2-methoxyphenol (HMP) with active hydrogen species while removing water. This developed catalysts with different crystalline highlighted an enormous promise for HDO of bio-oils into green fuel under mild conditions.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2023
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IF 8.2
Qiang Liu,Siming Zhu
This study proposes a novel and feasible dissolution and fractionation method of depectinated sugar beet pulp (SBP) in NaOH/Urea/H 2 O, ionic liquid (IL) and alkaline treatment processes. Interestingly, the complicated structure of SBP can be treated with 30 % H 2 SO 4 to increase the dissolution rate. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis confirmed that the appearance of cellulose and hemicellulose obtained by two methods were different. At the same time, two lignin fractions showed irregular high-density clusters, which were composed of a large number of submicron particles. The crystal structure of two cellulose fractions changed from cellulose I to cellulose II. The thermal stability of cellulose and lignin obtained by ionic liquid was slightly better than that obtained by NaOH/urea/H 2 O. Results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 13 C NMR showed that the chemical structures of SBP cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin regenerated from NaOH/urea/H 2 O and ionic liquid were similar.
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RSC Advances
·
2021
·Vol. 11
·期 60
·37932-37941
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IF 3.361
Ge Guo,Wenzhi Li,Tauseef Ahmed,DuoDuo Hu,Ru Cui,Baikai Zhang,Xia Zhang
Non-noble bimetallic NiMo supported on zeolitic imidazolate framework-derived porous carbon (NiMo@FDC) catalyst for lignin depolymerization has been successfully developed. The synergism between Ni and Mo species in NiMo@FDC catalyst could promote the catalytic cleavage of C–O linkages in Kraft lignin. At a low reaction temperature of 240 °C and under 4 MPa H2, the lignin liquefaction yield was 98.85 wt% and minimum coke yield was 1 wt%, particularly when using 10%NiMo@FDC catalyst. Additionally, at a high reaction temperature of 300 °C and under 2 MPa H2, there was an overall yield of 86 wt% of liquid product and 42 wt% of petroleum ether soluble product. The higher heating value (HHV) increased from 27.65 MJ kg−1 to 34.11 MJ kg−1. In the cycling experiment, the bifunctional catalyst also demonstrated reversability and stability. The synergy of Ni hydrogenation sites and Mo coupled adsorption sites identified a possible mechanism path, which could offer considerable potential for lignin depolymerization.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2023
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IF 8.2
Xiangyu Chen,Jiahua Ma,Xiaoshuai Sun,Chuanshan Zhao,Jiehua Li,Hui Li
The rational design of porous carbon materials and hydrogel electrolytes with excellent mechanical properties and low-temperature tolerance are significance for the development of flexible solid-state supercapacitors. In this study, we introduce a novel methodology for synthesizing SiC/N, S-doped porous carbon nanosheets from bamboo pulp red liquor (RL). We leverage the SiO 2 and the sodium salt in RL as templates and sodium lignosulfonate as sulfur dopants for the pyrolysis process and use NH 4 Cl as a nitrogen dopant. This innovative approach results in a material with a remarkable specific surface area of 1659.19 m 2 g −1 , a specific capacitance of 308 F g −1 at a current density of 1 A g −1 and excellent stability. Additionally, we harness alkali lignin extracted from RL to enhance a poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix, creating a gel electrolyte with low-temperature tolerance and outstanding mechanical properties. A flexible solid-state supercapacitor, which incorporates our electrodes and gel electrolyte, demonstrates high energy density (5.2 W h kg −1 at 251 W kg −1 power density). Impressively, it maintains 82 % of its capacitance over 10,000 cycles of charge and discharge. This provides a new solution for the development of flexible solid-state supercapacitors.
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Polymers
·
2023
·Vol. 15
·期 24
·4709
·
IF 5
Xu Li,Chang Liu,Xinyu An,Li Niu,Jacko Feng,Zhiming Liu
Lignin was utilized as an environmentally friendly synergistic agent to augment the fire resistance and mechanical characteristics of rigid polyurethane foam (PUF)/melamine–formaldehyde resin ammonium polyphosphate (MFAPP). The incorporation of lignin significantly enhanced the charring capability and flame retardancy of PUF/MFAPP. Specifically, PUF/MFAPP12/A-lignin3exhibited a charring residue of 23.1% at 800 °C, accompanied by an increase in the limiting oxygen index (LOI) to 23.1%, resulting in a UL-94 V-0 rating. The cone calorimeter test (CCT) revealed that the peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), smoke production rate (SPR), and total smoke production (TSP) values of PUF/MFAPP12/A-lignin3were all lower than for pure PUF. MFAPP and alkali lignin exerted a noticeable influence on the physical and mechanical properties, leading to increases in density (35.4 kg/m3), thermal conductivity (32.68 mW/(m·K)), and compressive strength (160.5 kPa). Observations of the morphology and elemental composition of char residues after combustion indicated the formation of an intact, thick, and continuous char layer enriched with nitrogen and phosphorus elements, which acted as a protective shield for the underlying foam.Keywords:alkali lignin;rigid polyurethane foam;flame retardancy;mechanical properties
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2023
·
IF 15.1
Yanfan Yang,Hao Zhou,Xiaoqi Chen,Tingting Liu,Yong Zheng,Lin Dai,Chuanling Si
Lignin, a natural adhesive in plants, has received extensive attention from both academia and industry. However, limited by the reactivity and heterogeneity of industrial lignin raw materials, lignin-based adhesives are not competitive in terms of adhesive performance and reusability. Here, a green and facile method is reported for a polyphenol lignin (Phenol-lignin)-based, ultrastrong, reusable, wide temperature adaptability, and solvent-resistant vitrimer adhesive with molecular designs of lignin extending beyond those in nature. The fabricated Phenol-lignin-based vitrimer exhibits the world’s highest wood lap shear strength of 12.87 MPa among the vitrimer adhesives. Even in extreme environments, such as boiling water (100 °C), liquid nitrogen (-196 °C), and organic solvents, the Phenol-lignin-based vitrimer-bonded wood sheets can still maintain a high level of strength. In addition, due to the good light-to-heat conversion performance of lignin, Phenol-lignin-based vitrimer can be repaired by infrared laser irradiation. The recycled adhesive retained 93.1 % of its strength. This new lignin material will be incorporated into not only industrial adhesives but also various green material systems in the future.
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Journal of Cleaner Production
·
2023
·
IF 11.1
Xinyu Wu,Hailan Lian,Xiaoyu Li
Ultraviolet radiation (UV) has a significant effect on the wood, and the commonly used UV shielding agents are easily degraded. Lignin is a bio-based UV screening agent and tuning of its nanoparticles is meaningful for realizing the UV shielding properties and stability of composites. With the modification of the deep eutectic solvents based on sulfamic acid and urea, lignin nanoparticles with amino functional groups were prepared, and a protective layer with UV shielding properties was constructed on the surface of the poplar veneer. The phenolic hydroxyl groups, carbonyl groups, and conjugated structure of lignin nanoparticles endowed the composites with the properties of UV shielding, photothermal conversion , and photothermal de-icing. The results of this study provide a benchmark for realizing the low-cost and sustainable preparation of wood composites with UV shielding and are conducive to promoting the high-value application of lignin nanoparticles.
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LANGMUIR
·
2023
·
IF 3.9
Zhibiao Guo,Mingkun Wang,Lei Qiao,Jianxiang Wang,Zhiwei He
Frequent oil spills and the discharge of industrial oily wastewaters have become a serious threat to the environment, ecosystem, and human beings. Herein, a photothermal, magnetic, and superhydrophobic PU sponge decorated with a Fe3O4/MXene/lignin composite (labeled as S–Fe3O4/MXene/lignin@PU sponge) has been designed and prepared. The obtained superhydrophobic/superoleophilic PU sponge possesses excellent chemical stability, thermal stability, and mechanical durability in terms of being immersed in corrosive solutions and organic solvents and boiling water and being abrased by sandpapers, respectively. The oil adsorption capacities of the S–Fe3O4/MXene/lignin@PU sponge for various organic liquids range from 29.1 to 70.3 g/g, and the oil adsorption capacity for CCl4 can remain 69.6 g/g even after 15 cyclic adsorption tests. The separation efficiencies of the S–Fe3O4/MXene/lignin@PU sponge for n-hexane and CCl4 are higher than 98% in different environments (i.e., water, hot water, 1 mol/L NaOH, 1 mol/L NaCl, and 1 mol/L HCl). More importantly, the introduction of three light absorbers (i.e., Fe3O4, MXene, and lignin) into the S–Fe3O4/MXene/lignin@PU sponge shows a synergistic effect in the photothermal heat conversion performance, and the maximum surface temperature reaches 64.4 °C under sunlight irradiation (1.0 kW/m2). The separation flux of the S–Fe3O4/MXene/lignin@PU sponge for viscous LT147 vacuum pump oil reaches 35,469 L m–2 h–1 under sunlight irradiation, showing an increase of 27.3% compared to that of oil adsorption processes without the photothermal effect. Thus, the rational design of superhydrophobic sponges by introducing proper photothermal heat absorbers provides new insights into facile and cost-effective preparation of sponges for efficient oil/water separation.
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THERMOCHIMICA ACTA
·
2023
·
IF 3.5
Manman Xue,Jie Xu,Yan Li,Wenke Jia,Hongguan Wang,Zhipeng Xie,Fanhui Guo,Feng Liang,Yixin Zhang,Jianjun Wu
Fir wood is widely used in construction, however its thermal degradability and flammability pose significant challenges to its safe use. In this work, we used a new carbonaceous nanomaterial called single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs), in combination with lignin and potassium carbonate to prepare a composite flame retardant and investigated the effect of different pretreatments on the flame retardant effect of fir wood. After delignification pretreatment and vacuum impregnation of fir wood with the flame retardant, the pk 1 -HRR and the pk 2 -HRR decreased by 37.59 % and 25.07 %, THP decreased by 55.71 %, TSP decreased by 59.81 %, COP significantly decreased by 74.02 %, char residual weight increased by 14.11 % compared with new wood (NW), and LOI reached 28.8 %. And the composite flame retardant forms a char layer during burning, which acts as a protective layer. This provides new insights into the application of SWCNHs in wood flame retardancy.
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APPLIED ENERGY
·
2023
·
IF 11.2
Mian Xu,Xianqing Zhu,Yiming Lai,Ao Xia,Yun Huang,Xun Zhu,Qiang Liao
Owing to the low synthetic cost, low toxicity for most types and outstanding lignin solubility, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been recently exploited in fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass . Unfortunately, the DES-fractionated lignin, as another major product, was usually ignored and disposed improperly. Accordingly, the present study employed DES (choline chloride:lactic acid) to fractionate natural biomass for producing highly dispersed lignin nanoparticles. The obtained nano-lignin was utilized to prepare electrode materials for supercapacitors for the first time, and a higher specific capacitance than those prepared from conventional lignin was acquired. The results demonstrated that the lignin fractionation rate could be promoted via extending treatment time at low temperatures, whereas the DES to biomass mass ratio might be the lignin dissolution-limiting factor at high temperature. Uniform lignin nanoclusters could be obtained after DES fractionation, and increasing fractionation temperature was beneficial for preparing nano-lignin in DES. The cleavages of lignin-carbohydrate complexes and lignin subunits might account for the formation mechanism of lignin oligomers . Meanwhile, the aggregation of monolignols could contribute to the growth of lignin nanoparticles. The one-step KOH activation could induce hierarchical pores in lignin fractionated from moderate residence time, whereas two-step method was advisable for more aggregated DES-lignin. Based on the directly activated DES-lignin with a high surface area of 3577.3 m 2 g −1 , the prepared supercapacitor exhibited a superior specific capacitance of 248.8 F g −1 . This study aimed to provide a novel method for producing high-performance energy storage carbon materials based on DES fractionated lignin from lignocellulose.
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JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
·
2023
·
IF 6
Shuyan Chen,Xunping Zhou,Junxia Yang,Yan Dai,Wenbin Wang,Wenming Jiang,Xueliang Li,Jianan Zhang
In this study, we successfully synthesized a new bisphenyl sulphonate Gemini surfactant (BPSG) from lignin using a simple method. And a comprehensive evaluation of the physicochemical properties of this BPSG surfactant was conducted, including surface activity, emulsification stability, salinity tolerance, static adsorption, and oil/water interfacial activity. Comparing the BPSG surfactant with commonly used single-chain surfactants like dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) and lignin sulphobetaine zwitterionic surfactant (LSBA), our results demonstrated that the BPSG surfactant exhibited higher surface activity and superior emulsification stability. Even at a NaCl concentration of 5.0 wt%, the oil-water emulsion prepared by BPSG surfactant remained stable. Furthermore, the BPSG surfactant displayed remarkable interfacial activities and resistance to salt. It effectively reduced the interfacial tension (IFT) between Huabei crude oil and brine to an ultra-low level of 10 −3 mN/m without any additional additives. And the BPSG surfactant showed enhanced alkali synergy compared to common surfactants and maintained the ultra-low oil/water IFT across a wide range of salinity levels. The static adsorption experiments revealed that BPSG had significantly lower adsorption amount on the quartz sand compared to ordinary surfactants, allowing for the sustained achievement of ultra-low IFT during the adsorption process for up to four consecutive days.
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JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2021
·
IF 8.128
Kai Chen,Yong Qian,Chaoyang Wang,Dongjie Yang,Xueqing Qiu,Bernard P. Binks
Hypothesis The stability of anti-cancer drugs and the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) caused by drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are two major challenges of combination chemotherapy. In this work, hydrophilic drug loaded lignin-based nanoparticles were applied to stabilize high internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPEs) containing hydrophobic drug in the oil phase, which not only improved the stability of anti-cancer drugs, but also reduced the risk of DDIs. Experiments Highly biocompatible enzymatic hydrolysis lignin/chitosan oligosaccharide (EHL/COS-x) nanoparticles were prepared and used to load hydrophilic cytarabine (Ara-C). The morphology, loading capacity, encapsulation efficiency and emulsifying properties of nanoparticles were characterized and predicted. Subsequently, these nanoparticles were applied to stabilize HIPPEs with soybean oil containing hydrophobic curcumin as dispersed phase. The effects of the morphology, amphipathy and concentration of nanoparticles and oil/water ratio on the microstructure and stability of HIPPEs were investigated. Meanwhile, the controlled release, protective performance, cytotoxicity and bio-activity of HIPPEs were also evaluated. Findings EHL/COS-x nanoparticles loaded with Ara-C could stabilize HIPEs with 85 vol% soybean oil containing curcumin. The two drugs were separately loaded in same delivery system, which effectively lowered the risk of DDIs. Meanwhile, HIPPEs provided outstanding UV, thermal and oxidation protection for these two environmentally sensitive anti-cancer drugs. In addition, HIPPEs displayed a good pH-responsive release in a tumor environment. In vitro experiments show that the killing efficiency of two drugs co-loaded HIPPEs against the leukemia cell is two times higher than that of single drug loaded systems. This strategy can be extended to the synergistic therapy of two or more drugs with different physicochemical properties.
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