STAR Protocols
·
2026
·Vol. 7
·期 3
·104750
·
IF 1.4
Zhuoyun Tong,Yiming Zhu,Haimei Lv,Shuangshuang Liu,Chunliang Xu
Summary Plasma cells are essential for long-term humoral immunity and are enriched in the bone marrow. Here, we present a protocol for selective labeling of plasma cells within a single mouse femur, using an intrafemoral antibody injection approach. We describe steps for the direct injection of fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies into the medullary cavity. We then detail procedures for bone marrow cell collection and analysis by flow cytometry. This protocol enables investigation of bone marrow plasma cell retention, redistribution, and mobilization. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Zhu et al. 1
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Foods
·
2026
·Vol. 15
·期 14
·2550
·
IF 6
Yuhan Jiang,Sha Ao,Xianwen Hu,Shilin Liu
Water-in-water (W/W) Pickering emulsions based on aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) are promising for food applications, but their stabilization is challenged by the ultra-low interfacial tension inherent to ATPSs. This study developed food-grade W/W Pickering emulsions stabilized by bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (BCNCs) and evaluated their ability to regulate starch digestibility. The effects of dextran (Dex) concentration, maltodextrin (MD) concentration, and BCNC content on the microstructure, rheological properties, and stability of the emulsions were systematically investigated. The partitioning behavior of amylopectin (AMP) between the two phases and the in vitro digestion behavior of AMP-loaded W/W Pickering emulsions in the presence of α-amylase were further examined. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the successful preparation of BCNCs. The optimal formulation (24 wt% Dex, 14 wt% MD, and 0.24 wt% BCNCs) exhibited a uniform droplet distribution and enhanced storage stability. Contact angle analysis indicated preferential wettability of BCNCs toward the continuous Dex-rich phase, promoting interfacial adsorption and droplet stabilization. The emulsions remained stable at pH 3.0–7.0 but were sensitive to ionic strength above 7 mM sodium chloride. Importantly, in vitro digestion showed that BCNC-stabilized emulsions significantly inhibited α-amylase-mediated hydrolysis of AMP, with the hydrolysis extent reducing from ~54% to 14%. These results indicate that BCNCs act as effective natural stabilizers for W/W Pickering emulsions, forming a physical barrier that retards starch digestion. This work provides a sustainable strategy for designing slow-digestible, low-glycemic-index food systems with potential applications in functional foods and pharmaceuticals.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
·
2026
·Vol. 27
·期 14
·6340
·
IF 5.6
Jiacong Hong,Xiaoyan Zhang,Ganggang Kong,Bailing Chen,Shengli Zhao
Osteosarcopenia, which is the coexistence of sarcopenia and osteoporosis, is being increasingly recognized as a systemic musculoskeletal aging syndrome. However, shared molecular regulators of bone–muscle deterioration remain unclear. In this study, we integrated bulk transcriptomic datasets from sarcopenic skeletal muscle and osteoporosis peripheral blood mononuclear cells to identify shared differentially expressed genes, followed by two-sample Mendelian randomization using osteoporosis genome-wide association study summary statistics to prioritize genes with potential causal relevance. Furthermore, diagnostic performance, functional enrichment, immune infiltration, single-cell RNA sequencing, regulatory network reconstruction, compound prediction, and siRNA-mediated validation were conducted in C2C12 and MC3T3-E1 cells. Overall, 122 shared differentially expressed genes were preliminarily screened, andKAZNandSUPT3Hwere tentatively proposed as candidate genes genetically associated with osteoporosis risk. Both genes were upregulated in the disease groups and exhibited weak to modest diagnostic performance. Furthermore,KaznorSupt3hknockdown promoted myogenic differentiation in C2C12 cells as well as osteogenic differentiation and mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells, supporting their roles as negative regulators of lineage differentiation. Moreover, functional analyses linkedKAZNmainly to mitochondrial-related programs andSUPT3Hto immune signaling, whereas single-cell analyses localized these genes to stromal, progenitor, and immune-related compartments. These hypothesis-generating findings suggest thatKAZNandSUPT3Hparticipate in shared bone–muscle dysfunction and generate candidate genes and mechanistic hypotheses for subsequent functional validation and translational research.
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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2026
·
IF 6.7
Zeyuan Li,Yuze Jiao,Huang Lin,Qianhong Shen,Xinglei Zhao,Peng Wang,Qilong Zhang
Traditional zirconia (ZrO 2 ) fibers suffer from severe limitations in mechanical performance under extreme conditions due to high-temperature phase transformation-induced cracking, abnormal grain growth, and inherent brittleness, making it difficult to meet the stringent requirements of fields such as aerospace and energy systems. This work proposes an innovative fabrication strategy that successfully achieves in-situ growth of an amorphous carbon coating layer on the surface of Al/Y co-doped ZrO 2 nanofibers through electrospinning and hot-stretching processes. In this work, zirconium acetate acts as both zirconium source and solvent, simplifying precursor preparation. The hot-stretching process utilizes the micropores on the fiber surface to form an in-situ amorphous carbon layer, which significantly enhances the mechanical properties of the fibers: tensile strength reaches 8.08 MPa, and the fiber membrane maintains structural integrity after 500 bending cycles at 80% strain, demonstrating excellent fatigue resistance and elastic recovery capability; it also exhibits outstanding thermal shock resistance at extremely low (-196°C) and ultra-high (1350°C) temperatures. Through the key innovation of introducing an amorphous carbon layer via hot-stretching, this work successfully integrates high strength, superior flexibility, and outstanding fatigue resistance into ZrO 2 fibers. Furthermore, owing to its high porosity (92%), the fiber membrane exhibits ultra-low thermal conductivity and effective sound absorption. Ultimately, this provides a reliable solution for multifunctional ceramic fiber materials applied in high-temperature environments (up to 800°C).
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Molecular Catalysis
·
2026
·
IF 4.3
Yanping Zhang,Yi Zeng,Qingyin Wang,Gongying Wang,Wei Bai,Weixin Qian
Intrinsic acidity vs. accessibility in biomass dehydration is investigated. • TOF diverges from macroscopic yield in sorbitol dehydration. • The para-isomer gives the highest yield (∼74%) despite its lower site-normalized TOF. • Highly accessible acid-site density and balanced adsorption behavior contribute to the para-isomer's performance. This study investigates how intrinsic acid-site activity and spatial accessibility jointly regulate biomass dehydration. Using position-isomeric sulfonated carbon catalysts, namely 2-, 3-, and 4-CBC-PhSO₃H, we demonstrate a divergence between microscopic site activity and macroscopic catalytic performance in sorbitol dehydration. Kinetic analysis shows that the ortho-isomer exhibits the highest site-normalized turnover frequency (TOF), whereas the para-isomer achieves the highest overall isosorbide yield of approximately 74%. This difference arises from a synergistic balance between intrinsic reactivity and accessible acid-site density: the lower steric hindrance of the para-configuration favors a higher density of effective acid sites, which compensates for its lower single-site TOF. Theoretical calculations further suggest that substitution position affects proton dissociation, charge distribution, and adsorption behavior. In particular, the para-isomer maintains favorable interactions with organic reactants/intermediates while showing relatively weak water binding, which may help reduce competitive water adsorption during dehydration. These findings highlight that the catalytic performance of carbon-based solid acids is governed by the combined effects of intrinsic acidity, spatial accessibility, acid-site density, and interfacial adsorption behavior, guiding the rational design of robust solid acid catalysts for biomass conversion. Download: Download high-res image (210KB) Download: Download full-size image
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JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
·
2026
·
IF 3.3
Qiang Xian,Weijie Fan,Yulin Gu,Zishan Zhang,Jiaqi Liu,Hui Xian,Li Chen,Hui Dan,Yi Ding
New SnS@SBA-15 was developed for the efficient adsorption and storage of iodine. • The iodine adsorption capacity was up to 2062 mg/g. • The iodine adsorption mechanism was chemical adsorption (SnS + I 2 → SnI 4 + S). • The retention rate of adsorption product SnI 4 was up to 76.5% after storage for 90 d. • Stable iodine storage was due to the in-situ reconstructed hydrophobic environment. Tin-based materials are expected to be excellent iodine adsorbent, but the stability of the adsorption product (SnI 4 ) poses challenge. Herein, a novel strategy based on the in-situ reconstruction of hydrophobic environment was presented for efficient iodine adsorption and storage. Stannous sulfide@mesoporous silica (SnS@SBA-15) was developed and employed for the adsorption of I 2 gas. The optimal material, SnS@SBA-15–50wt%, exhibited an excellent iodine uptake of 2062 mg/g. The adsorption was attributed to a chemical reaction (SnS + 2I 2 = SnI 4 + S). Notably, the retention rate of SnI 4 was as high as 76.5% after storage in air for 90 days due to the in-situ reconstructed hydrophobic environment. The obtained SnS@SBA-15 exhibited efficient iodine adsorption and excellent storage ability. This work presents a novel strategy to design iodine adsorbents, aimed at addressing the storage challenges of iodine adsorption products susceptible to hydrolysis. Download: Download high-res image (214KB) Download: Download full-size image
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Materials Today Bio
·
2026
·
IF 11
Hengxi Li,Xinyuan Luo,Yan Cao,Hongyan Jiang,Zhiying Guo,Yiwei Zhu,Leyu Zhang,Zixin Li,Jinglin Li,Haiying Wu,Ping Li
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a major cause of severe disability, and its secondary injury remains a key focus of interventional research. Cannabidiol (CBD) has neuroprotective potential, but conventional systemic administration still has limitations. In this study, we fabricated an in situ -implantable cannabidiol-loaded gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) sponge (GM-CBD) with short-term cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility and no detectable in vivo abnormalities. Under a non-equivalent dosing regimen, GM-CBD and intraperitoneally injected CBD (10 mg/kg) showed distinct concentration–distribution profiles: in the GM-CBD group, CBD continuously accumulated in the perilesional cortex over 48 h, whereas serum CBD remained persistently low. In a rat Feeney model of TBI, combined behavioral and neuropathological evaluation identified a single sponge loaded with a nominal 15 μg CBD as the working dose. At this dose, GM-CBD reduced neurological deficit scores, altered locomotor and exploratory behaviors in TBI rats, and attenuated neuronal injury and apoptosis. GM-CBD concurrently upregulated tight junction proteins and CD31 + endothelial cell expression, downregulated GFAP⁺ astrocyte proliferation, and altered AQP4 distribution, thereby improving blood–brain barrier integrity and alleviating post-traumatic cerebral edema. Furthermore, GM-CBD decreased IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels, increased IL-10, and inhibited microglial activation, suggesting attenuated acute neuroinflammation after TBI. Transcriptomic sequencing further showed that GM-CBD-associated differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in immune, stress, and inflammatory responses, with significant enrichment of the NF-κB, PI3K-Akt, and TNF signaling pathways. In summary, GM-CBD provides an in situ sustained-release strategy that exerts neuroprotection by attenuating post-traumatic cerebral edema and neuroinflammation. Download: Download high-res image (412KB) Download: Download full-size image
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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2026
·
IF 6
Zhiyuan Xu,Wenhao Li,Rong Li,Yue Yang,Yingying Niu,Wenjing Luo,Yuan Fang,Pin Wu,Qiang Zhen
Aiming to improve thermal insulation and minimize heat dissipation in high-temperature industrial applications, this study fabricated mullite whisker-reinforced Al 2 O 3 -SiC-C (ASC) castables via in-situ whisker growth. Using boehmite as a pore-forming agent, AlF 3 as a catalyst, and silica sol as a binder, the composites were synthesized and characterized for mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, oxidation resistance, and slag resistance. Finite element simulations (160 μm and 10 mm models) analyzed whisker-induced pore refinement effects on heat transfer. After sintering at 1450 °C, in-situ grown mullite whiskers partitioned large pores into smaller ones, refined pore structures, and introduced abundant solid-gas interfaces. These deflected heat flux, increased path tortuosity, and elevated interfacial thermal resistance, reducing 800 °C thermal conductivity by 20.9% compared to the control sample. The material retained good mechanical strength, oxidation resistance, and slag penetration resistance. This work offers new insights for designing high-performance castables combining superior insulation with robust high-temperature performance.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
Biyun Peng,Jian Wang,Weihao Dai,Yifei Zhang,Honghong Gong,Bintao Wu,Yunchuan Xie,Sen Liang,Mingxu Xia
In-situ electric-field-directed 3D printing co-engineers molecular alignment, deep traps and interfacial barriers. • Achieves 30.5 J cm −3 energy density, >84.5% efficiency and 750 MV m −1 breakdown strength. • Novel multiscale charge-blocking mechanism couples H-bond deep traps with band bending to suppress injection. • Establishes a scalable design paradigm to break the polarization-breakdown-efficiency trade-off in polymer dielectrics. The inherent conflict between polarization and breakdown strength limits the development of high-energy-density polymer dielectrics with both high efficiency and reliability. Here, we report an electric-field-directed 3D printing strategy that creates in-situ phase-regulated interfaces in an all-organic composite of partially hydrogenated poly(vinylidene fluoride- co -chlorotrifluoroethylene) (PVCT) and hydrogenated poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMAA). By coupling in-situ electric poling with hydrogen-bond-assisted assembly, we construct a seamless integration of a surface charge-blocking layer, a bulk deep-trap network, and a highly oriented polar crystalline matrix. This multi-scale engineered dielectric overcomes the traditional polarization-insulation trade-off. It delivers an exceptional discharged energy density of 30.5 J cm −3 , an efficiency exceeding 84.5%, and a remarkable breakdown strength of 750 MV m −1 . The printed capacitor also demonstrates superior thermal stability and outstanding cycling endurance, retaining over 98.7% of its initial efficiency after 10,000 cycles. This work establishes a scalable manufacturing paradigm for designing high-performance polymer dielectrics, opening new avenues for next-generation energy storage and power electronics. In-situ phase-regulated interfaces via electric 3D printing overcome the polarization-insulation trade-off for ultrahigh energy density, efficiency, and stability in polymer dielectrics. Download: Download high-res image (178KB) Download: Download full-size image
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INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2026
·Vol. 65
·期 35
·18572-18586
·
IF 3.9
Dai Yasen,Zhu Congfei,Wang Bingru,Gao Minjie,Ren Shuhang,Hou Yucui,Wu Weize
To
overcome the high energy consumption associated with
conventional
CO 2 capture and conversion processes, this study develops
an integrated strategy combining CO 2 capture and in situ hydrogenation to methanol using
a novel basic deep eutectic solvent (DES). The DES, composed of N,N,N ′ ,N ′ -tetraethylethylenediamine
(TEEDA) as a hydrogen bond acceptor and ethylene glycol (EG) as a
hydrogen bond donor (optimal molar ratio 1:20), serves as both a capture
medium and a reaction promoter. When coupled with a commercial Cu/ZnO/Al 2 O 3 catalyst, the system achieved efficient CO 2 capture (1.14 mmol·g –1 ) and direct in situ conversion. Under optimized conditions
(240 ° C, 8 MPa H 2 , 12 h), a methanol selectivity of
92.9% with a yield of 72.5% was attained; even at 180 ° C, a selectivity
of 96.0% with a yield of 57.5% was obtained. Control experiments confirmed
that the polar EG solvent enhances CO 2 conversion through
solvation effects, while the DES itself possesses no intrinsic catalytic
activity. Mechanistic studies indicate that CO 2 is captured
via the formation of alkyl carbonate ions, and subsequent hydrogenation
proceeds through a formate pathway. Density functional theory (DFT)
calculations further demonstrate that the polar DES environment reduces
the activation energy barrier for the rate-limiting H 2 heterolysis
step. The DES showed good recyclability over four cycles, and catalyst
deactivation was primarily attributed to sintering-induced loss of
Cu surface area. This work presents a viable DES-based integrated
process for CO 2 capture and valorization, highlighting
the solvent’s dual function and providing insights into the
design of efficient integrated capture–conversion systems.
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JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
·
2026
·
IF 3.2
Jing Song,Xueqi Cao,Zixuan Zhang,Jingui Li,Pengyu Zhang,Yufeng Zhao,Conghui Cao,Li Wang,Peijie Ma,Jiawen Xiao,Linlin Liu,Huanzhen Zhang,Yadi Zhai,Lihua Wang
Water vapor plays a pivotal role in both the crystallization of CsPbBr-based perovskites and the operational stability of devices incorporating these materials. However, previous studies on this topic have been limited to indirect ex situ observation. Here, we utilize in situ environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) to directly monitor the dynamic growth of CsPbBr-based perovskite at a water vapor pressure of 609 Pa (equivalent to 75% relative humidity at 4 °C) under a controlled gas atmosphere. Our real-time in situ observation captures the concomitant and direct crystallization of CsPb 2 Br 5 and CsPbBr 3 , challenging the conventional phase-transition-mediated formation pathway. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the dual emission in the mixture of CsPbBr 3 and CsPb 2 Br 5 originates from distinct emissive centers, in contrast to the self-absorption and re-emission mechanism in rod-like CsPbBr 3 . These findings offer direct evidence of water-vapor-mediated crystallization and their impact on material performance, thereby paving the way for both the design of environmentally stable perovskite-based devices and future ESEM investigations into complex multiphase processes.
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BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH
·
2026
·
IF 4.3
Jingjing Li,Xiaoxia Feng,Ranran Si,Yuanyuan Liu,Zhifang Huo,Huanqing Song,Chuan Zhou
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), characterized by inflammation, is a severe pulmonary condition of preterm infants. This study aimed to investigate the role of secreted frizzled related protein 2 (SFRP2) in BPD and to elucidated its underlying mechanisms, focusing on inflammation, apoptosis, and the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. In vivo neonatal mouse models and in vitro murine lung epithelial-12 (MLE-12) models were established by hyperoxia induction. Administration of recombinant SFRP2 (rSFRP2) aggravated hyperoxia-induced lung injury, reduced alveolation, and increased inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in both lung tissues and cells (all P < 0.05). This demonstrated that SFRP2 aggravated hyperoxia-induced inflammation. These results were also evidenced by elevated numbers of inflammatory cells in the BALF and increasing counts of MAC-3 positive cells in the lung tissues of rSFRP2-treated BPD mice (all P < 0.05). rSFRP2 treatment promoted hyperoxia-induced apoptosis of lung tissue in mice and MLE-12 cells, reflected in increased count of TUNEL-positive cells. The Nrf2/HO-1 pathway was inhibited in the lung tissues of mice and MLE-12 cells after hyperoxia induction, and rSFRP2 therapy further suppressed its activity. Rescue experiments demonstrated that the activation of Nrf2 expression mitigated rSFRP2-induced inflammation and apoptosis in MLE-12 cells. Mechanically, SFRP2 promoted competitive binding of BACH1 to the ARE sequence of HO-1, impaired Nrf2 binding, and suppressed antioxidant signaling. We concluded that SFRP2 might exacerbate lung inflammation and apoptosis by inhibiting the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, thus promoting the progression of BPD.
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