Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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2015
·
IF 0.77
Jun Wei,Xiang Li,Tong Song,Zi-Fan Song,Zhen-Qi Chang,Da-Qiao Meng
The catalytic exchange of hydrogen isotopes between hydrogen and water has been known to be a very useful process for the separation of tritium from tritiated water. For the process, a highly active hydrophobic catalyst is needed. This study provides an effective fabrication method of size-controlled platinum/poly[styrene-divinylbenzene-tri(propylene glycol) diacrylate] [Pt/poly(SDB-TPGDA)] hydrophobic catalyst beads with a narrow size distribution. Platinum nanoparticles were prepared by γ-ray-induced reduction in the aqueous phase first, and then uniformly dispersed in SDB-TPGDA comonomer after the hydrophobization of platinum nanoparticles with alkylamine stabilizers. The porous Pt/poly(SDB-TPGDA) hydrophobic catalyst beads were synthesized by the UV-initiated polymerization of the mixture droplets prepared in a capillary-based microfluidic system. The size of as-prepared catalyst beads can be controlled in the range of 200–1,000 μm by adjusting the flow rate of dispersed and continuous phases, as well as the viscosity of the continuous phase. Sorbitan monooleate and cyclohexanol were used as coporogens to control the porosities of the catalyst beads.
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SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
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2015
·
IF 5.337
Huanzhi Zhang,Yongjin Zou,Yujia Sun,Lixian Sun,Fen Xu,Jian Zhang,Huaiying Zhou
Phase-change materials (PCMs) have promising applications in the fields of solar energy storage, energy conservation in buildings , thermal insulation , and thermal regulation. In this study, novel multifunctional composite films were prepared via a thermosetting process using poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) as a film matrix, microencapsulated PCMs (micro-PCMs) as a temperature-regulating additive and TiO 2 nanoparticles (nano-TiO 2 ) as a UV-blocking additive. The latent heat of the film fabricated with 6 wt% micro-PCMs and 6 wt% nano-TiO 2 is 9.226 J/g. The film also shows high thermal stability, with no obvious change in thermal performance after 100 heating–cooling cycles. The temperature of a space enclosed by the film fabricated with 6 wt% micro-PCMs and 6 wt% nano-TiO 2 can be controlled in the range 25–28 °C for 3298 s. The composite films exhibit a significantly decreased UV transmittance due to the UV absorption of nano-TiO 2 . Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of the sample fabricated with 6 wt% micro-PCMs and 6 wt% nano-TiO 2 is 0.2356 W/(m K), which is comparable with that of a pure PVC film. These findings indicate that the novel thermal-insulating film is promising for use in energy-efficient building and automobile applications.
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WATER RESEARCH
·
2015
·
IF 5.528
Shixiang Feng,Xu Zhang,Yanxiang Liu
The phototransformation of acetaminophen (APAP) by UV/H 2 O 2 in deionized water and sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents was studied systematically by a combination of analysis of the reaction intermediates and kinetic study. 1-(2-amino-5-hydroxyphenyl)ethanone ( P1 ) and the reported N -(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetamide ( P2 ) were identified as the main transformation intermediates during the transformation of APAP by UV/H 2 O 2 . There was no influence of OH on the formation kinetics of P1 , while its decay was promoted. The formation and decay kinetics of P2 were accelerated by increases in the concentration of OH. The second-order rate constants for the reaction of OH with APAP, P1 , and P2 were 3.9 × 10 9 , 8.1 × 10 9 , and 4.7 × 10 9 M −1 s −1 , respectively. The kinetic study indicated that the main transformation of APAP also included transformation to 1,4-hydroquinone, although the accumulated concentration of 1,4-hydroquinone was quite low. The presence of anions (Cl − , HCO 3 − / CO 3 2 − , NO 2 − / NO 3 − ), humic acid , commercial drug components or adjuvants, and dissolved organic matters in STP effluents not only changed the transformation kinetics of APAP, but also altered the distribution of the intermediates. The kinetics and pathway of APAP transformation in STP effluent were markedly different from those in deionized water.
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PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
·
2013
·
IF 1.848
Xiaofeng Wang,Bibo Wang,Weiyi Xing,Gang Tang,Jing Zhan,Wei Yang,Lei Song,Yuan Hu
A novel melamine-based hyperbranched polyphosphonate acrylate (MHPA), successfully synthesized via the Michael addition polymerization of 2-(2-amino-ethylamino)-4,6-bisethylamino-1,3,5-triazine with tri(acryloyloxyethyl) phosphate, was blended with the epoxy acrylate (EA) to prepare UV-cured flame retardant coatings. The study of their flammability revealed that MHPA can improve the flame retardancy and the sample with 45 wt% MHPA (EA3) showed a good intumescent behavior when combusted. The results of their thermal degradation displayed that MHPA had a dual effect on the thermal stability of EA: leading to its earlier degradation catalyzed by acidic species from the relatively weak phosphorus-bearing parts, but improving the thermal stability of the char layer at high temperature due to the formed intumescent phosphorus–carbon compounds. Besides, the total release amount of gas products of EA3 was much lower than that of pure EA and various flammable gases like hydrocarbons and highly toxic CO were also reduced
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PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
·
2015
·
IF 2.358
Huazhong Liao,Bin Zhang,Langhuan Huang,Dong Ma,Zepeng Jiao,Yushan Xie,Shaozao Tan,Xiang Cai
The waterborne polyurethane-acrylate (WPUA and Wsi-PUA) oligomers were prepared by anionic self-emulsifying method, using isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), polyethylene glycol (PEG), dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA), vinyl hydroxyl silicone oil (VHSO) and hydroxyethyl methyl acrylate (HEMA) as raw materials. Then, a series of UV-curable waterborne Wsi-PUA–C 3 N 4 composites containing different content of g-C 3 N 4 were obtained with oligomer and photoinitiator Darocur 1173. FTIR, XRD, TEM, SEM, and TGA were employed to investigate the structure, morphology and thermal property of the Wsi-PUA–C 3 N 4 composite films. The effect of g-C 3 N 4 content on the performance was also investigated. The mechanical performance, water resistance and gel content of UV-PUA films were measured. It was found that with g-C 3 N 4 particle was introduced into Wsi-PUA oligomer, the hardness, tensile strength, gel content, water resistance and thermal stability of composite films were significantly augmented. Moreover, when the content of g-C 3 N 4 was 1.0 wt.%, the UV-curable film had the best mechanical property. The obtained composite is promising for a number of applications, e.g., for protecting the surfaces of metal and wood.
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POLYMER INTERNATIONAL
·
2016
·Vol. 65
·期 10
·1150-1156
·
IF 2.414
Lu Shen,Ying Wang,Qiang Zhao,Fubin Luo,Junhua Chen,Mangeng Lu,Liyan Liang,Kun Wu,Jun Shi
The dimethacrylate reactive diluent (HEMA-DDSA), a long-side-chain-containing reactive diluent, was prepared by reacting 2-dodecen-1-ylsuccinic anhydride with two equivalents of hydroxyethyl methacrylate. Its structure was characterized by IR and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. This new diluent was added into the formulation of UV-curable epoxy acrylate networks. Results show that the formulation with the addition of HEMA-DDSA has massively reduced viscosity and shows several attractive properties of epoxy acrylate oligomers. The mechanical resistance of the films is dramatically enhanced with the incorporation of long alkyl groups derived from HEMA-DDSA, the plastic deformation zone expands, thus decreasing the inner stress of the polymer structure. Moreover, the cured coatings have a higher glass transition temperature as the percentage of HEMA-DDSA is increased up to 5 wt%. Due to the excellent integrated performance of the polymeric films, HEMA-DDSA proved to be an effective reactive diluent, which is of potential interest for applications in high performance materials. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
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RSC Advances
·
2016
·Vol. 6
·期 58
·53062-53068
·
IF 3.289
Liman Hou,Hang Bian,Qiliao Wang,Ning Zhang,Yongjiu Liang,Dewen Dong
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are an exciting class of bio-based materials attracting increasing interest for a wide range of potential applications due to their nanoscale dimensions, biocompatibility, biodegradability and large surface area. In this work, we report a universal and facile strategy for the preparation of polymer brushes on CNCs via photopolymerization in the absence of any initiator immobilization. The reported procedure is applicable to a series of vinyl monomers, leading to the direct creation of homogeneous and stable polymer coatings on CNCs. Characterization of the resulting polymer-grafted CNCs by FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, AFM and TGA indicates a high grafting density, enhanced dispersing ability and thermal stability without altering the crystalline structure of the intrinsic CNCs. Finally, we have demonstrated the possibility to covalently attach 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene to the grafted polymer chain ends through polymer analogous reactions. The afforded nano-objects show visible-light photocatalytic activity and chemoselectivity in the oxidization reaction of thioanisole to methyl phenyl sulfoxide.
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LANGMUIR
·
2016
·
IF 3.993
Lei Zhao,Daqun Chen,Weihua Hu
Patterning metal films on various substrates is essentially important and yet challenging for developing a wide variety of innovative devices. We herein report a versatile approach to pattern metal (gold, silver, or copper) films on arbitrary substrates by using the bio-inspired polydopamine (PDA) thin film as a UV-sensitive adhesive layer for electroless deposition. The PDA film is able to be formed on virtually any solid surfaces under mild condition, and its rich catechol groups allow for electroless deposition of metal films with high adhesion stability. Upon UV irradiation, spatially selective oxidation of PDA film occurs and the local metal deposition is inhibited, thus facilitating successful patterning of metal films. Considering its versatility and simplicity, this strategy may demonstrate great applications in manufacturing various innovative devices.
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Optical Materials Express
·
2016
·Vol. 6
·期 11
·3574-3585
·
IF 2.657
X. Y. Liu,H. Guo,S. X. Dai,M. Y. Peng,Q. Y. Zhang
In this paper, novel Bi3+/Eu3+ co-doped white-emitting germanium-borate glasses were successfully prepared by the melt-quenching method. Their luminescent properties were evaluated using the transmission spectra, photoluminescence excitation, and emission spectra (with a temperature range of 298-573 K), and lifetime decay curves. Due to the efficient energy transfer from Bi3+ to Eu3+, tunable emitting color between the bluish-green and the orange-red region has been obtained by varying the content of Eu3+ (0-7%). Interestingly, a perfect white-light emission with CIE coordinates (X = 0.356, Y = 0.325) is realized upon the excitation at 345 nm light in the Bi3+/Eu3+ co-doped sample. More remarkably, the white-light emission glass maintains excellent color stability even at 423 K. Our results indicate that the Bi3+/Eu3+ co-doped germanium-borate glasses may be used as a potential single-phased white light-emitting matrix material for the UV converted organic-resin-free WLEDs in the future.
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Journal of Materials Chemistry A
·
2024
·
IF 10.7
Tonghui Li,Wenfei Shen,Zaixin Long,Yanying Zhang,Yao Wang,Wei Wang,Zhonglin Du,Jiuxing Wang,Laurence A. Belfiore,Olle Inganäs,Jianguo Tang
UV protection of polymer solar cells is significant to extend the duration of life and to improve their efficiency. Diatom shells doped with Eu3+/Tb3+ complexes (ETDSs) can be used as an efficient absorber and down-conversion agent for these purposes. In this work, the goal is effective UV protection and photovoltaic efficiency enhancement of polymer solar cells using DSs doped with Eu3+/Tb3+ complexes. These Eu3+/Tb3+ complexes in DSs are anchored at porous walls through a grafted coupling agent. As a strong UV absorber and efficiency enhancer, ETDSs were compounded into the cellulose acetate (CA) matrix to get an ETDS@CA flexible luminescent film. This luminescent film with high UV absorption in the range of 200–400 nm down converts UV photons into photons in visible, at 612 nm. We spin-coat the mixture solution of ETDS and CA onto the back surface of the transparent ITO/glass electrode to set up the ETDS@CA protected polymer solar cell. In this way, both UV protection and polymer solar cell efficiency enhancement are achieved. The experimental data indicated that ETDS@CA coated polymer solar cells can maintain 80% of the initial efficiency after UV-radiation for 1000 h, compared with 40% of unprotected polymer solar cells. Correspondingly, the efficiency of polymer solar cells has been enhanced by 4%. This method can be developed into a new and highly efficient way to UV protect polymer solar cells, as the original structure of polymer solar cells is not modified, with only an additional UV protection layer on the other side of the substrate.
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WATER RESEARCH
·
2024
·
IF 11.4
Xiaofeng Han,Long Fu,Jing Yu,Kunting Li,Ziqing Deng,Ruihao Shu,Dali Wang,Jing You,Eddy Y. Zeng
Microplastics (MPs) and antibiotics co-occur widely in the environment and pose combined risk to microbial communities. The present study investigated the effects of erythromycin on biofilm formation and resistance mutation of a model bacterium, E. coli , on the surface of pristine and UV-aged polystyrene (PS) MPs sized 1–2 mm. The properties of UV-aged PS were significantly altered compared to pristine PS, with notable increases in specific surface area, carbonyl index, hydrophilicity, and hydroxyl radical content. Importantly, the adsorption capacity of UV-aged PS towards erythromycin was approximately 8-fold higher than that of pristine PS. Biofilms colonizing on UV-aged PS had a greater cell count (5.6 × 10 8 CFU mg −1 ) and a higher frequency of resistance mutation (1.0 × 10 −7 ) than those on pristine PS (1.4 × 10 8 CFU mg −1 and 1.4 × 10 −8 , respectively). Moreover, erythromycin at 0.1 and 1.0 mg L − 1 significantly ( p < 0.05) promoted the formation and resistance mutation of biofilm on both pristine and UV-aged PS. DNA sequencing results confirmed that the biofilm resistance was attributed to point mutations in rpoB segment of the bacterial genome. qPCR results demonstrated that both UV aging and erythromycin repressed the expression levels of a global regulator rpoS in biofilm bacteria, as well as two DNA mismatch repair genes mutS and uvrD , which was likely to contribute to increased resistance mutation frequency.
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Water
·
2024
·Vol. 16
·期 24
·3658
·
IF 3
Jialin Chen,Yi Xie,Jun Xia,Xiaolin Zhang,Dong Chen
An advanced photochemical reduction system involving the UV/Fe(III)–oxalate system was developed for the reduction of nitrate (NO3−) to harmless N-gaseous species, primarily nitrogen (N2), by carbon dioxide radical (·CO2−) generated in the presence of dissolved oxygen (DO). Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analyses confirmed the presence of both ·CO2−and ·OH radicals. Systematic investigations were conducted on various operational parameters, such as the initial Fe(III) concentration, oxalate concentration, and pH levels, to assess their impacts on the efficiency and products of NO3−reduction. Notably, solution pH played a significant role in influencing the NO3−reduction efficiency and the final products. At pH 2, approximately 75% of NO3−was converted into N2with an 80% selectivity. In the pH range of 3 to 5, a remarkable NO3−removal rate of about 90% was achieved. Furthermore, higher concentrations of Fe(III) (2 mM) and oxalate (10 mM) were found to enhance NO3−removal to 91.95% and 88.71%, respectively. The presence of DO increased the oxidative potential in the reaction system, subsequently enhancing the selectivity conversion of NO3−to N2. In summary, the UV/Fe(III)–oxalate system exhibits significant potential for effective removal of NO3−while achieving high selectivity for the production of N2in water remediation applications.
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