INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
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2020
·Vol. 44
·期 7
·5468-5476
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IF 3.741
Guofang Zhang,Yiming Li,Feng Hu,Jianyi Xv,Zhuocheng Liu,Yanghuan Zhang
Summary Ce 1−3 x Cu x Fe x Zn x O 2 nano-particles were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The micro-structure, spectra features and catalysis effects on hydrogen storage alloy of Ce 1−3 x Cu x Fe x Zn x O 2 were studied. It was researched that the dopants were inserted into the lattice of CeO 2 and the solid solubility x was identified as 0.05. The oxygen vacancies contents and degree of lattice distortion were improved, and the band gap energies were decreased. The hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics of Mg 60 La 10 Ni 20 -5 mol%Ce 1−3 x Cu x Fe x Zn x O 2 composites were evaluated. The results showed that the catalysts effects were improved by enhancing the doped concentrations. The catalysis mechanism was related with the microstructure and micro-electronic structure of the catalysts.
研究领域:
材料科学
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催化化学
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DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
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2020
·Vol. 44
·期 7
·6035-6048
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IF 3.741
Qinyue Zheng,Xuelai Zhang,Xinchen Zhou
Summary This study is purposed to conduct experimental investigation into the characteristics of vacuum flash evaporation with nanofluid under adsorption conditions, with the effects of nanoparticle concentration, surfactant concentration, and nanofluid stability taken into consideration. By measuring absorbency, solute concentration, and sedimentation graph, a new nanofluid with excellent dispersion was developed for the vacuum ice-making system. It has been demonstrated that the low concentration of additive is conductive to not only the maintenance of vacuum but also the generation of binary ice. For nanofluid, there are two distinct freezing stages in the process of vacuum flash evaporation. The supercooling stage of nanofluid is delayed with the increase of surfactant concentration, whereas the TiO 2 nanofluid applied to the vacuum ice-making system under adsorption shows stability. Moreover, it is indicated that, for the vacuum ice-making system with TiO 2 nanofluid, the pH level is around 8.5, the surfactant is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate-span 60 (SDBS-SPAN), the ratio of SDBS to SPAN is about 10:7, the concentration of TiO 2 nanoparticle is around 0.20 wt%, and the ratio of TiO 2 nanoparticle to SDBS-SPAN is about 10:5. Compared with pure water, undercooling is reduced by 77.92%; the ice packing factor and thermal conductivity are increased by 40.61% and 67.27%, respectively. The results of test and analysis can be applied to conduct further research on vacuum flash evaporation.
研究领域:
热力学
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材料科学
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DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
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2020
·Vol. 44
·期 8
·6873-6884
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IF 3.741
Guorui Gao,Tongxing Zhang,Chenglong Guo,Shaokai Jiao,Zhonghao Rao
Summary The development of high-efficient working fluids with excellent photo-thermal conversion and heat storage properties is an important factor to solar thermal utilization. In this work, magnetic phase change microcapsules (MPCMs) were prepared via in situ polymerization, where melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin and octadecane containing oleic acid-coated magnetic nanoparticles (OA-MNs) were used as the shell and core, respectively. The microstructure, magnetic and thermal properties of MPCMs were investigated, and the photo-thermal conversion and heat storage properties of slurries prepared by dispersing MPCMs into multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanofluids were explored. The encapsulation efficiency of MPCMs with superparamagnetic nature achieved 63.51%, while the thermal conductivity of MPCMs was slightly increased with regard to phase change microcapsules (PCMs) and the thermal stability of octadecane was enhanced after being encapsulated. Moreover, the slurry with 0.01 wt% MWCNTs and 15 wt% MPCMs had the optimal photo-thermal conversion properties and thermal storage capacity. Beyond that, the recycled MPCMs represented excellent recyclability. Our research demonstrated that the MWCNTs-dispersed MPCMs slurry is one of ideal working fluids with excellent photo-thermal conversion and heat storage characteristics for direct absorption solar collector.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源工程
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DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
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2020
·Vol. 44
·期 9
·7568-7579
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IF 3.741
Hejing Wen,Zhongsheng Liu,Jia Qiao,Ronghua Chen,Ruijie Zhao,Jianchun Wu,Guanjun Qiao,Jianhong Yang
Summary Aluminum-air battery (AAB) is a very promising energy generator for electric vehicles (EVs) due to its high theoretical capacity and energy density, low cost, earth abundance, environmental benignity and rapid refuel. In this study, the practical energy efficiency and power density of AAB are improved by optimizing its factors, such as anode-cathode distance, operation temperature, electrolyte flow rate and the atmosphere. Under air atmosphere, the peak power density reaches 381 mW cm −2 , and the optimum output power density is 258 mW cm −2 with the anode efficiency of 90.9% and energy efficiency of 44.4%; and under pure O 2 atmosphere, the peak power density is up to 545 mW cm −2 , and the optimum output power density is 430.5 mW cm −2 with the anode efficiency of 94.2% and energy efficiency of 42.6%. These results are promising to constitute a foundation for future development of Al-air battery systems for EVs. Highlights There is rare literature on the influence of ACD and electrolyte flow rate on Al-air battery performances. The optimum parameters for Al-air flow battery are operating at 60°C with parameters of ACD of 0.5 mm, electrolyte flow rate of 15 mL min −1 under pure O 2 atmosphere. Pure O 2 atmosphere can help to keep high energy efficiency at high power density for Al-air flow battery due to the increased oxygen solubility, but slightly reduced anode efficiency. Under pure O 2 atmosphere, the peak power density is up to 545 mW cm −2 , the anode efficiency reaches 96.2%. The optimum output of power density is 430.5 mW cm −2 with the energy efficiency of 42.6%.
研究领域:
能源科学
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电化学
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DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
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2020
·Vol. 45
·期 4
·6227-6238
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IF 3.741
Xiangxiang Du,Xuejun Shi,Yanling Li,Kesheng Cao
Summary Herein, N, S-co-doped graphene hydrogel (N/SGH) was first prepared by one-pot feasible hydrothermal approach using thiourea as a dopant for both N and S sources. And then, polyaniline (PANI) was grown on the surface of N, S-co-doped graphene hydrogel via simple adsorption of aniline monomer and in situ polymerization process. The N, S-co-doped graphene/polyaniline (N/SGH/PANI) composite hydrogel was fabricated as a free-standing and binder-free electrode material. Due to the co-doped synergistic effect, the N/SGH electrode exhibited enhanced electrochemical performances. The N/SGH electrode displays a specific capacitance of 130.4 F/g at 0.5 A/g. Compared with pure graphene hydrogel (GH), the specific capacitance of N/SGH and N-doped graphene (NGH) electrodes at 0.5 A/g increased by 53% and 20%, respectively. PANI pseudocapacitor material was introduced to further improve its capacitive performance. The resultant N/SGH/PANI composite electrode could achieve a max specific capacitance of 236.5 F/g at 0.5 A/g. In addition, N/SGH/PANI composite electrode showed stable cycle performance with the capacity retention of 95.1% after 1000 cycles performed at 10 A/g. Those provide a fabrication strategy for the design of high-performance supercapacitors electrode materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源存储与转换
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DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
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2020
·Vol. 45
·期 4
·6273-6284
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IF 3.741
Xiaolin Shao,Qi Zhang,Xurui Zhang,Jin Yi,Yuyu Liu,Jiujun Zhang
Summary A facile method is developed to fabricate nanoporous, structured, Sn-based catalyst electrodes. Sn, Zn, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are co-electrodeposited on a copper substrate, followed by chemical dezincification in NaOH aqueous solution to remove Zn. By controlling variables such as the contents of Zn and MWCNTs, a series of Sn-MWCNT/Cu (S Z MC) electrodes are fabricated. Experimental results show that using such novel S Z MC electrodes can achieve a HCOO − Faradaic efficiency of over 91% at −0.99 V versus RHE for 10 hours in CO 2 -saturated 0.5 M KHCO 3 aqueous solution. The high performance is attributed to the addition of MWCNTs and Zn, followed by chemical dezincification to remove Zn and then create vacancies in the catalyst structure, which results in a special porous structure of S Z MC with large surface area. Then ECSA is used for enhancing the catalytic activity and selectivity of HCOO − production, as well as promoting intermediate adsorption and mass transfer.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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纳米技术
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DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
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2020
·Vol. 45
·期 5
·7120-7128
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IF 3.741
Menglu He,Jia Jia,Qing Sun,Weixin Zhang
SUMMARY Li-O 2 battery has attracted much attention due to its ultra-high theoretical energy density in the field of electrochemical energy storage. The introduction of efficient electrocatalyst can effectively accelerate the reaction rate of ORR and OER, so as to improve the coulomb efficiency and poor cycle stability of Li-O 2 battery. In this work, a novel hollow N-doped carbon sphere is prepared by using MOF and polystyrene as template, and act as highly efficient oxygen electrocatalyst for rechargeable Li-O 2 batteries. The hollow structure can provide enough oxygen diffusion channel, deposition and decomposition space for reduction products. N doping into the hollow carbon structure can increase the charge density of adjacent carbon atoms and enhance its catalytic activity of ORR/OER. As a result, the Li-O 2 battery using the hollow N-doped carbon sphere as air cathode exhibited an high specific capacity of 18 762 mAh/g (at a current density of 500 mA/g) and remarkable cycling stability of 212 cycles (at a current density of 500 mA/g and limited capacity of 1000 mAh/g), outperforming the carbon material with common structure. This work highlights the importance of air cathode structure and efficient catalyst, provides a new idea for the design of air cathode of Li-O 2 battery, and expands the scope of future research.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学能源存储
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DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
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2021
·Vol. 45
·期 11
·16874-16883
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IF 5.164
Zhicheng Liu,Li Zhou,Yanyan Gao,Manman Qi,Haiping Chen,Ming Hou,Zhigang Shao
Summary A novel hydrophilic-modified gas diffusion layer (GDL) through inserting the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) into the microporous layer is fabricated to elevate the performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) under low humidfication. The single fuel cell test confirms that the membrane electrode assembly with 3 wt% addition of PAN in the cathode GDL exhibits a maximum power density of 0.616 W cm −2 , which is 30% higher than that of conventional hydrophobic GDL (0.480 W cm −2 ) under low humidity. This significant enhancement in performance is attributed to the powerful wettability and the pore structure modification of the PAN. Besides, the introduction of PAN shows little influence on the performance of PEMFCs under full humidity. Our findings reported here shed new light on developing a robust GDL that can be used in both low and high humidification.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源工程
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电化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
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2018
·Vol. 42
·期 11
·3496-3505
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IF 3.009
Lei Wang,Luting Yan,Xiuyuan Gao
Summary Polydopamine (PDA) films were irradiated by an electron beam linear accelerator at different irradiation doses ranging from 10 to 150 kGy. The irradiated samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, UV-Vis, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscope, X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Changes in surface morphology, chemical structure, contact angle, frontier orbitals, and bandgap were analyzed. PDA films modified by electron beam irradiation were used in the interface design and control of polymer solar cells. Devices with the structures of ITO/ZnO/PTB7:PC 71 BM/MoO 3 /Al and ITO/PDA-ZnO/PTB7:PC 71 BM/MoO 3 /Al were fabricated. The solar cells with a 100-kGy electron beam-irradiated PDA film-modified ZnO electron transport layer had a significantly improved short circuit current density, and its efficiency reached a maximum value. The short circuit current density and power conversion efficiency reached 13.70 mA/cm 2 and 3.82%, respectively. Electron beam irradiation is an effective method to modify PDA, which can be used as an interface modifier in polymer solar cells.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源科学
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界面工程
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DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
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2020
·Vol. 44
·期 6
·4616-4628
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IF 3.741
Yunlong Zhou,Xiaoyuan Ye,Dongyao Lin
Summary In this study, alkali pretreated corn stover was added as a sacrificial agent to the suspension of Pt/TiO 2 to significantly enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The changes in structural characteristics of corn stover before and after alkali treatment and photocatalytic reactions were studied. According to the results, the removal of lignin and hemicellulose, as well as the changes in surface morphology, structural components, and functional groups of alkali pretreated corn stover may affect the photocatalytic hydrogen production process. Next, the effects of NaOH concentration, pretreatment time and temperature on hydrogen production were also investigated. Among them, within the scope of the experimental conditions, the optimal hydrogen production is 25.84 μmol h −1 . Moreover, the enhancement of photocatalytic hydrogen production is also achieved by using the waste liquid of alkali pretreated. The output of this study may provide a reference for the reuse of alkali-treated biomass residues and waste liquor in some industries, and make more comprehensive, efficient and green use of native lignocellulosic biomass.
研究领域:
环境科学
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能源科学
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材料科学
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DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
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2020
·Vol. 44
·期 6
·4677-4686
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IF 3.741
Chunmei Gao,Meishao Hu,Mingliang Fang,Jiale Chen,Lei Wang
Summary Development of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) with good performance, such as high conductivity, good alkaline stability and mechanical strength, has been a hot topic for the fuel cell application. Here, a novel kind of hyperbranched cross-linker decorated with quaternary ammonium groups was introduced to polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes and QOPBI-x membranes (where x is the weight ratio of the hyperbranched cross-linker). Compared with the linear OPBI membrane (0.091 S cm −1 ), QOPBI-x membranes displayed an improved ionic conductivity (up to 0.122 S cm −1 ) at 60°C after they were doped in 6 M KOH for 7 days. The KOH-doped QOPBI-x membranes also exhibited a high tensile strength (54.5-61.7 MPa) and superior alkaline stability. There is almost no decline in the ionic conductivity after being immersed in a 6 M KOH solution for 30 days. In addition, the alkaline direct methanol fuel cell (ADMFC) performance based on the KOH-doped OPBI and QOPBI-x membranes is described. The QOPBI-15 membrane displayed good performance (75.6 mW cm −2 ), which is 33.3% higher than the OPBI membrane (56.7 mW cm −2 ).
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
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2020
·Vol. 44
·期 6
·4827-4836
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IF 3.741
Mojie Sun,Zhao Wang,Bixue Gao,Shijie Wang,Chi Wang,Xiaochen Song,Dongyao Lin
Summary To circumvent the expensive cost of precious metal electrocatalysts, a hydrothermal method and a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method have been used to prepareNiS 2 -Ni(OH) 2 /NF-PECVD (N-PECVD) with excellent properties. After XRD, SEM, XPS, and other characterization methods, it can be seen that after the hydrothermal reaction of Ni foam (NF), 50-60 nm Ni(OH) 2 nanosheets have grown on the NF frame. The subsequent PECVD reaction produces 90 nm NiS 2 -Ni(OH) 2 nanosheets on the NF frame. The hydrogen release overpotentials in the acidic solution and alkaline solution are 90 and 95 mV ( j = 10 mA/cm 2 ), respectively. And the Tafel slopes reach 80 and 83.6 mV/dec, respectively. The chronopotential (CP) test shows that the material has good HER stability over 12 h. The results from the subsequent electric double layer capacitance and alternating current impedance (EIS) tests show that N-PECVD synthesized by PECVD has a relatively large active electrochemical surface area (ECSA) and a low electrochemical impedance. This study not only finds good inspiration for the synthesis of cheap HER catalysts but also provides a valuable reference for the synthesis of materials in other fields.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）