ENERGY & FUELS
·
2018
·
IF 3.024
Xiaocai Meng,Jianying Wang,Pengtao Xie,Haichao Jiang,Yongqi Hu,Tao Chang
A new series of functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) with 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine ([TMG]+) cations as well as dicarboxylic acid anions {[−OOC–(CH2–CH2)n–COO–], where n = 1, 3, and 5} was synthesized, and their SO2 absorption properties were investigated. A high SO2 absorption capacity of the prepared ILs was achieved. The molar ratios of SO2 to [TMG][succinic acid] {([TMG][SUC]) (n = 1)}, [TMG][suberic acid] {([TMG][SUB]) (n = 3)}, and [TMG][dodecanedioic acid] {([TMG][DOD]) (n = 5)} were 4.76, 5.96, and 5.96, respectively. The evidence of spectroscopic measurements and quantum chemical calculations confirmed that SO2 could interact with the carboxyl and adjacent methylene groups on the anion as well as the amino group on the cation. The SO2 absorption capacity of these ILs was strongly influenced by their asymmetry and space resistance. The high symmetry and large steric hindrance could reduce the SO2 absorption capacity of ILs.
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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
·
2018
·
IF 2.196
Yaotai Jiang,Xiaobang Liu,Dongshun Deng
Carboxylate ionic liquid (IL) and polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG200) mixtures are suitable for the absorption of acidic SO2 because of their unique properties. In the present work, tetraethylammonium furoate ([N2222][FA]) and choline furoate ([Ch][FA]) were blended with PEG200 to form 40 wt % ILs/PEG200 mixtures as SO2 absorbents. The solubilities of SO2 in these two ILs/PEG200 mixtures were measured at T = (303.15, 313.15, 323.15, and 333.15) K and pressure up to 1.2 bar. [N2222][FA]/PEG200 demonstrated the high SO2 absorption capacity of 7.224 mol per kg absorbent at 303.15 K and 1.0 bar. The chemisorption mechanism of SO2 by mixture was studied by Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, and the influence of cations on the SO2 absorption capacity was analyzed. Furthermore, the reaction equilibrium thermodynamic model was used to correlate the experimental data, and Henry’s law constant (H), reaction equilibrium constant (K0), and thermodynamic properties (ΔrGm0, ΔrHm0, and ΔrSm0) were derived. The absorption enthalpies of the two binary mixtures are −46.39 and −23.07 kJ·mol–1 for the two mixtures, respectively. Considering the low cost, biodegradability of the materials, high capacity, and low absorption enthalpy, the [N2222][FA]/PEG200 mixture was regarded to be an attractive and promising alternative to pure ILs and ordinary solvent as a desulfurizer.
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CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
·
2018
·Vol. 24
·期 18
·4620-4627
·
IF 5.16
Yunhe Jin,Binshen Wang,Wenquan Zhang,Shi Huang,Kangcai Wang,Xiujuan Qi,Qinghua Zhang
Graphical Alternative bipropellants : A series of triaminocyclopropenium cation based hypergolic ionic liquids were designed and synthesized. These ionic liquids demonstrate promise as potential alternatives to toxic hydrazine derivatives in liquid bipropellant formulations (see figure). A novel family of hydrophobic triaminocyclopropenium cation based ionic liquids have been synthesized, and their structures and physicochemical properties characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and hypergolic tests. The experimental results showed that all of these ionic liquids exhibited the expected hypergolic reactivity with the oxidizer white fuming nitric acid. Among them, the hypergolic ionic liquid based on the cyanoimidazolylborohydride anion showed excellent integrated properties, including high decomposition temperature (194 °C), high density (0.95 g cm −3 ), moderate viscosity (44 MPa s), ultrafast ignition delay time (6 ms), and high specific impulse (301.9 s); this demonstrates its potential as an environmentally friendly alternative to toxic hydrazine derivatives.
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RSC Advances
·
2018
·Vol. 8
·期 46
·26255-26265
·
IF 2.936
Xuzhao Yang,Yun Fang
Ammonium-based room-temperature asymmetrical gemini ionic liquids, 1-trimethylammonium-3-(pyridinium)propane bisdicyanamide ([N111C3Py][DCA]2) and 1-trimethylammonium-3-(1-methylpiperidinium)propane bisdicyanamide ([N111C3MPi][DCA]2) were respectively synthesized and structurally characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Thermal stability of the gemini ionic liquids was determined by thermogravimetric analysis under a pure nitrogen atmosphere. Densities and viscosities of pure GILs and their binary mixtures with acetonitrile (MeCN) were investigated over the entire range of mole fractions at various temperatures, from 288.15 to 333.15 K, under atmospheric pressure. Moreover, the excess molar volumes (VEm) and the viscosity deviations (Δη) of the binary mixtures were evaluated and well fitted to the Redlich–Kister polynomial expression. The negative values of VEm and Δη result from strong self-association and interaction between the gemini ionic liquid molecules and MeCN. Results are discussed in terms of molecular interactions and structures.
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CHEMOSPHERE
·
2018
·
IF 4.427
Yue Li,Li Wei,Wen Zhang,Zhiqiang Dong,Yuping Qiu
Sorption of ionic liquids (ILs) to soil and porous materials as affected by anions was observed, but scarce effort has been focused on addressing the role of counteranions in sorption and the associated underlying mechanisms. In this work, two series of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium- (Bmim-) and N -butyl, methyl-benzimidazolium-based (Bmbim-based) ILs coupled with different counteranions were prepared to investigate the effect of anions on IL sorption by soot. The octanol–water partition coefficient ( K ow ) and the ion-pair formation constant at infinite dilution in water ( K IP ° ) of ILs were independently measured to explore the contribution of counteranion-dependent hydrophobicity and ion-pair. A wide range of sorption coefficients ( K d ) of ILs were achieved with values varying from 59.8 to 344.3 L·kg −1 for Bmbim-based ILs and from 253.4 to 489.7 L kg −1 for Bmbim-based ILs. Compared with other anions, bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide ([Tf 2 N] – ) and hexafluorophosphate ([PF 6 ] − ) exhibit tighter association with IL cations in aqueous solution due to their larger K ow and higher K IP ° . Positive linear relationships between log K IP ° and K d and between log K ow and K d evidenced that the counteranion-dependent sorption of ILs relies on the association strengths of IL cations and counteranions, which further influence the hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of ion pairs. Compared with that of strongly coordinating anions (such as [CH 3 SO 3 ] − , [CF 3 COO] − , [BF 4 ] − , [CF 3 SO 3 ] − , and [Cl] − ), the addition of weakly coordinating anions (such as [Tf 2 N] – and [PF 6 ] – ) in solution contributes to markedly large sorption enhancement of ILs. Consequently, the contribution of different counteranions on IL sorption is essentially based on the formation of ion pair with different K IP ° and K ow in aqueous solution.
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FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
·
2018
·
IF 3.956
Jingyuan Wang,Luhong Zhang,Yongli Sun,Bin Jiang,Yang Chen,Xiang Gao,Huawei Yang
In this work, novel Lewis acidic ionic liquids [ODBU]Cl/nZnCl 2 (n = 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) with alkylated 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) cation and ZnCl 2 -based complex anion have been developed and utilized in extraction combined with oxidative desulfurization (ECODS) of both model oil and diesel fuel with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 , 30 wt%) as an oxidant. It was observed that the ECODS performance could be effectively optimized by the change of ZnCl 2 proportion. Some important reaction parameters such as reaction temperature, molar ratio of O/S, mass ratio of IL/oil and sulfide species were systematically investigated. Furthermore, the ILs could be reused for at least six cycles without noticeable changes in desulfurization performance as well as its chemical structure, thus revealing its good reusability . Finally, [ODBU]Cl/3ZnCl 2 was employed in the ECODS of a hydrogenated diesel, the S-content could be reduced from 559.7 ppm to 4.8 ppm with 99.2% sulfur removal via a one-step process under mild conditions.
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JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
·
2012
·
IF 2.159
Kaisheng Yao,Weiwei Lu,Xinying Li,Jianji Wang
A novel method was proposed for successful fabrication of CuS nanostructures with various morphologies. At the ionic liquids (ILs)-modulated CHCl 3 –H 2 O interface, copper cupferronate [Cu(cup) 2 ] in CHCl 3 reacted with thiourea in water to generate CuS nanostructures via a solvothermal reaction process. The effects of alkyl chain length of imidazolium cations and nature of anions of the ILs, molar ratio of Cu(cup) 2 to thiourea, the reaction temperature and time on the morphology of the products were studied systematically. It was shown that by changing alkyl chain length of imidazolium cations and nature of anions of the ILs, CuS nanostructures with various morphologies, including flowers, urchins, large nanodisks and nanoparticles , could be obtained at the liquid–liquid interface, and the ILs played important template roles in directing the formation of CuS nanostructures. Furthermore, the as-prepared CuS samples exhibited high catalytic activity for photodegradation of methyl orange and thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate .
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JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
·
2024
·
IF 5.3
Maida Akhlaq,Maliha Uroos
Phosphonium-based ionic liquids are considered superior over others imidazolium- and pyridinium-based ionic liquids (ILs) due to their stability, availability and low cost. Among phosphonium ILs, tetrabutylphosphonium (TBP)-based ILs exhibit exciting properties which make them potential candidate for academic and industrial applications. The most influential characteristics of TBP-based ILs are excellent thermal and chemical stability, affordability, faster rate, high polarity and viscosity. Their misibility with water make them even more attractive as solvents for dissolution of recalcitrant structures, enzymatic hydrolysis and extraction of biomolecules. In electrochemistry, high conductivities and wide electrochemical window make them credible electrolyte material in supercapacitor batteries. Additionally, they are slowly gaining the ground of conventional organic solvents and catalysts as greener alternatives. The most significant application of TBP-based ILs is CO 2 absorption, the proton-donating capacity of TBP cation allows the stable ylide formation and facilitates the CO 2 sorption. All in all, the outstanding physiochemical properties and applications of TBP-based ILs provide fundamental understanding of these ILs with future rational design to explore them further in many different industrial, chemical and biological fields.
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RSC Advances
·
2015
·Vol. 5
·期 95
·77581-77588
·
IF 3.84
Jingzhu Zhang,Kun Yu,Qiwei Yang,Zongbi Bao,Zhiguo Zhang,Yiwen Yang,Qilong Ren,Huabin Xing
Natural zwitterionic compounds are widely used as surfactants, drugs and food additives. However, obtaining high-purity zwitterions from biomass remains challenging because of the presence of structurally similar homologues in plants. Here, we developed a novel extraction method to separate zwitterionic phospholipid homologues using ionic liquids (ILs) as extractants. A large distribution coefficient and excellent separation selectivity for phosphatidylcholine (PC) were achieved with hydroxyl-functionalized and carboxyl-functionalized ILs as the extractants. An effective IL–cosolvent extraction strategy was employed in this work to reduce the consumption of IL and improve the extraction efficiency. Additionally, the underlying extraction mechanism was explored using ab initio calculations and dynamic light scattering. The results indicated the existence of multiple hydrogen-bonding interactions between the IL and both the negative and positive moieties of the zwitterion, and the formation of micelles in the IL–cosolvent mixture was also observed. In addition, the effects of the structure and concentration of ILs and the temperature on extraction performance were investigated, and the feasibility of recovery of ILs by electrodialysis was evaluated.
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SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2015
·
IF 1.171
Jessica Juweriah Ibrahim,Shurong Gao,Ahmed A. Abdeltawab,Salem S. Al-Deyab,Liang Yu,Guangren Yu,Xiaochun Chen,Xingyue Yong
The inability of traditional hydrodesulfurization (HDS) to effectively remove aromatic sulfur compounds such as thiophene (TS) and dibenzothiophene (DBT) has called for alternative methods to be studied, among which extractive desulfurization using ionic liquids (ILs) has attracted increasing interest. In this work, we prepared a new IL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyano(nitroso)methanide ([C4mim][dcnm]), and investigated its extractive desulfurization for both model oils and real FCC gasoline, where model diesel fuel was composed of n-hexane and droplets of DBT and model gasoline was composed of n-hexane, toluene and droplets of TS. Other three [dcnm]-based ILs, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyano(nitroso)methanide ([C2min][dcnm]), N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium dicyano(nitroso)methanide ([C2mpyr][dcnm]), and N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium dicyano(nitroso)methanide ([C4mpyr][dcnm]), were also comparatively investigated. These [dcnm]-based ILs have low viscosity which favors the mass transfer and reduces the extractive equilibrium time, also are fluorine-free which avoids the corrosion by hydrogen fluoride from anion decomposition that occurs generally in fluorine-containing ILs. The desulfurization ability follows the order [C4min][dcnm] > [C4mpyr][dcnm] > [C2min][dcnm] > [C2mpyr][dcnm]. Typically, [C4min][dcnm] is capable of removing 66% DBT and 53% TS from their respective model oils after one cycle (initial 500 ppm S, 25°C, 15 min, mass ratio of IL:oil 1:1), and < 10 ppm S-content can be obtained after 4 cycles. It was observed interestingly that the S-content in real FCC gasoline can be reduced from initial 250 ppm to < 30 ppm after 6 cycles using [C4min][dcnm] as extractive reagent, which is better than some previous results for real feedstocks. Mutual solubility, extractive temperature, IL:oil mass ratio, multiple extraction, initial S-content, and regeneration were also studied. These dcnm-based ILs are competitive extractive reagents compared with some other ILs to remove those aromatic S-compounds from fuel oils.
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Science China-Chemistry
·
2016
·Vol. 59
·期 5
·587-593
·
IF 2.429
Pei Yuanchao,Cao Yuan,Huang Yanjie,Song Xinxin,Wang Huiyong,Zhao Yuling,Wang Jianji
In this work, 16 kinds of [FeCl 4 ] - -based magnetic ionic liquids (ILs) with different cation structures have been designed and synthesized, and their structures are characterized by IR and Raman spectroscopy. Then the lower critical solution temperature (LCST)-type phase behavior of these magnetic ILs in water is investigated as a function of concentration. It is shown that cation structure, alkyl chain length and molar ratio of FeCl 3 /chloride IL have a significant influence on the LCST of the mixtures. The phase separation temperature can be tuned efficiently by these factors. Meanwhile, the LCST-type phase separation process is also investigated by dynamic light scattering. The results support the mechanism that the hydrogen bonds of the [FeCl 4 ] - anion with water have been gradually disrupted to form ILs aggregates with increasing temperature. In addition, the stability of the ILs in water is also examined in some details. These LCST-type phase separation systems may have potential applications in extraction and separation techniques at room temperature.
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ADSORPTION-JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ADSORPTION SOCIETY
·
2016
·Vol. 22
·期 7
·871-878
·
IF 1.87
Ge Li,Huang Hao,Qin Yanshu,Xia Fan,Yang Kedi
Ionic liquids (ILs)-bonded silica adsorbents were prepared by chemical modification of the silica surface using N -alkylimidazolium-based ILs with Cl − , BF 4
− , PF 6
− or NO 3
− anion, and applied to selective separation of the model mixture of luteolin and aloe-emodin. Among the investigated ILs-bonded silica materials, the silica grafted with N -octyllimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C 8 mim]PF 6 @SiO 2 ) exhibited higher adsorption capacity and selectivity of luteolin from the model mixed solution of luteolin and aloe-emodin. The isotherm data of luteolin on [C 8 mim]PF 6 @SiO 2 correlated better to the Freundlich model than the Langmuir model, and the calculated thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption of luteolin was spontaneous and exothermic. The dynamic adsorption and elution experiments demonstrated that the high adsorption capacity and good desorption efficiency of luteolin on fixed bed packed with the [C 8 mim]PF 6 @SiO 2 . Moreover, the results from batch adsorption and dynamic adsorption showed well selective separation towards the model mixture of luteolin and aloe-emodin.
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