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To address the issue of single sensing function in current Mechanoluminescence (ML) material, a ML material Y 3 GaO 6 : Eu 3+ /Tb 3+ with temperature and stress dual-function sensing characteristics was prepared by high-temperature solid-state method. The crystal phase, afterglow and luminescence properties of the materials were studied by a series of characterization techniques. Optical studies reveal that color-tunable emission from red to yellow and green can be achieved by adjusting the doping concentrations of Eu 3+ and Tb 3+ . Benefiting from the intrinsic differences in the temperature responses of Tb 3+ and Eu 3+ ions, a ratiometric temperature-sensing model based on the intensity ratio of their characteristic emission peaks was established. Meanwhile, the material exhibits ML under both friction and tensile stimuli, with the intensity showing a linear relationship with the applied stress. By analyzing the luminescence response law under temperature and stress conditions, this study realizes two functions of temperature sensing and stress sensing, which provides a new strategy for the design of advanced mechanical luminescent materials and shows broad application prospects in the fields of structural health monitoring and intelligent bionic skin.
CaTa 4 O 11 (CTO):Tb 3+ /Yb 3+ phosphors were prepared using the molten salt synthesis. Under 980 nm laser excitation, this phosphor can emit light at 382 nm through a three-photon upconversion process from 5 D 3 → 7 F 6 in Tb 3+ . When the concentrations of Tb 3+ and Yb 3+ are 0.21 and 0.065, respectively, CTO:Tb 3+ /Yb 3+ exhibits the strongest upconversion green light emission from 5 D 4 → 7 F 5 in Tb 3+ , whose integral intensity is 5.77 times that of NaY(WO 4 ) 2 :Tb 3+ /Yb 3+ . Under 264 nm excitation, CTO:Tb 3+ /Yb 3+ has persistent 974 nm luminescence from 2 F 5/2 → 2 F 7/2 in Yb 3+ . By comparing the CTO host, CTO:Yb 3+ , CTO:Tb 3+ and CTO:Tb 3+ /Yb 3+ , the Ta 5+ -O 2- , Yb 3+ -O 2- and Tb 3+ -O 2- charge transfer bands (CTB) have been determined. During the downshifting process, Tb 3+ -O 2- CTB transfers energy to Yb 3+ -O 2- CTB. The trap depths of CTO:Yb 3+ and CTO:Tb 3+ /Yb 3+ are 0.680 and 0.679 eV, respectively, and their persistent times are 14.61 and 11.07 s, respectively. Under 980 nm laser excitation, the absolute and relative temperature sensitivities were obtained to be 2.74 and 0.178 K −1 , respectively. All results confirm that the CTO:Tb 3+ /Yb 3+ phosphors can be used as temperature sensing and infrared persistent luminescence.
A novel oxonitridosilicate, Li2La8Si6N12O7 was successfully synthesized at 1200 °C using Li3N as a flux. The crystal structure was determined through single-crystal and synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction. Li2La8Si6N12O7 crystallizes in orthorhombic space group Pcca (no. 54) with unit-cell parameters a = 15.5319(1) Å, b = 7.7382(1) Å, c = 15.5019(1) Å, and Z = 4. The structure features a layered framework built from vertex-sharing Si[N/O]4 tetrahedra, with Li[N/O]6 octahedra connecting and stabilizing both the interlayer and intralayer linkages. The octahedral coordination of Li+ was confirmed by solid-state 7Li NMR spectroscopy. Notably, the incorporation of Pr3+ and Tb3+ into the Li2La8Si6N12O7 host yields narrow-band red emission at 630 nm and green emission at 545 nm. This combination facilitates the fabrication of 365 nm near-ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV LED) chip-based WLEDs with superior color rendering performance.
Pathogenic bacterial spores pose a considerable threat to human health due to their ability to survive extreme environmental conditions. Thus, sensitive detection and efficient inactivation of these spores are essential for preventing disease transmission. However, most existing studies have predominantly concentrated on detection alone. Herein, we developed a versatile nanoplatform that integrates sensitive bacterial spore sensing and in situ spore inactivation capabilities by assembling terbium ions (Tb 3+ ) with photosensitizing carbon dots (CDs), referred to as Tb-CDs nanoassemblies (NAs). By leveraging the unique optical properties of CDs and Tb 3+ ions, along with the antenna effect of lanthanides, Tb-CDs NAs demonstrated highly sensitive visual detection of the key bacterial spore biomarker, pyridinedicarboxylic acid (DPA), achieving a low detection limit of 0.68 μM and excellent selectivity. Additionally, Tb-CDs NAs exhibited practical sensing capabilities in various environments, including spore suspensions and real samples, while monitoring bacterial spore germination. Further studies confirmed that the DPA-triggered disassembly of Tb-CDs NAs led to the release of CDs, enabling higher affinity for spores and in situ inactivation through singlet oxygen generation. This work underscores the potential of CDs-based assemblies for simultaneous pathogen detection and inactivation, providing promising tools for preventing bacterial spread and contamination.
In order to facilitate the practical application of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) active molecules, the CPL brightness (BCPL) must be optimized. We have applied a binary modular strategy to synthesize two chiral organo-Tb3+ complexes, [Tb(Coum)3(1R,2R-Ph-PyBox)] (2) and [Tb(Coum)3(1S,2S-Ph-PyBox)] (5), combining 3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-coumarin (Coum) and enantiopure 2,6-bis(4-phenyl-2-oxazolin-2-yl) pyridine (1R,2R/1S,2S-Ph-PyBox). The photophysical properties of these novel complexes have been fully characterized. The combined point-chiral induction capability of chiral bis(oxazoline) derivatives and the outstanding photophysical properties of the coumarin-derived ligand have resulted in an intense excited-state chiroptical activity (|glum| = 0.097–0.103) for both Tb3+ enantiomers, with a bright Tb3+-centered high-purity green emission (ΦPL = 74%) and enhanced antenna-centered absorption behavior (ε320 nm = 47820–47940 M–1 cm–1). A superior BCPL (1132.7–1205.8 M–1 cm–1 at 5D4 → 7F5) has been established for complexes 2 and 5. The strategy adopted in this work provides a new route to chiroptical organo-Tb3+ luminophores with outstanding comprehensive performance.
Protein crystals have advantageous properties as framework materials, such as porosity and organized, high-density functional groups with the potential for guest specificity. Thus, protein crystal materials open up vast opportunities for fluorescent species doping and drug sensing. In this work, we explore this frontier by combining two lanthanide complexes with hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) and directly obtaining co deposited structures in one step using an anti-solvent method different from the previous two-step method. Cross-linking of the protein was achieved using glutaraldehyde, ensuring the stability of the assembly in diverse solvent environments. The use of glutaraldehyde achieved protein cross-linking, ensuring the stability of the components in various solvent environments, including no leakage of fluorescent substances in ultrapure water and anhydrous ethanol. Differential fluorescence quenching effects of amino acids on the two doped luminescent complexes were observed. Introduction of amino acids, varying in concentration and type, resulted in distinct fluorescence enhancement or quenching effects on the protein assembly loaded with the complexes, and the detection results are reflected through different fitting equations and parameters. By exploring the application of this hybrid material for amino acid detection, this work lays the groundwork for broader applications.
In this work, a metal−organic framework UiO-66-(COOH) 2 has been synthesized and is further functionalized with Tb 3+ through coordination interactions. The functionalized MOF, denoted as Tb 3+ @UiO-66-(COOH) 2 , is fully characterized and further developed as an excellent fluorescent probe to monitor Cu 2+ ions in aqueous media by fluorescence quenching effect. Tb 3+ @UiO-66-(COOH) 2 exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity, broad linear concentration range (0–200 μM), low detection limits (0.23 μM), fast response speed (within 1 min), as well as in situ naked eye observation under UV light for sensing Cu 2+ ion. Furthermore, this probe was successfully employed to detect Cu 2+ ion in real water with good recovery. Hence, this work developed a very excellent fluorescent sensor with high potential practical applications for detection of Cu 2+ ion in environmental water samples.
ABSTRACT Composite borate-phosphate compounds have always attracted much attention for their structure diversity and interesting properties. In this work, a new borate-phosphate CsNa 2 Lu 2 (BO 3 )(PO 4 ) 2 (CNLBP) was found for the first time and its structure was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. It crystallizes in orthorhombic system , space group Cmcm with a = 6.8750(5), b = 14.6919(1), c = 10.5581(7) Å, V = 1066.44(1) Å 3 , Z = 4, M r = 777.58, D c = 4.843 g/cm 3 , F (000) = 1368, µ (Mo Kα ) = 22.20 mm −1 , R ( F 2 > 2σ( F 2 )) = 0.0173 and wR ( F 2 ) = 0.0367. The structure of CNLBP features a chain framework of [Lu 2 (BO 3 )(PO 4 ) 2 ] ∞ that delimits 1D tunnels filled by Na + and Cs + ions. Phosphors CNLBP: x Tb ( x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) were prepared, and it can emit bright green light under near-UV excitation due to the 5 D 4 → 7 F j (j = 6, 5, 4, 3) transition of Tb 3+ . Due to the large separation of Lu 3+ ions in CNLBP structure lattice, the optimal concentration of Tb 3+ is 80%, and concentration quenching occurs only for the full Tb 3+ concentration.
A series of Eu3+ and Tb3+ co-doped CaMoO4/SrMoO4 luminescent thin films were prepared by a facile solution method, and they were annealed at 550 °C for 2 h. The luminescent properties of the thin films were studied, which involve the energy transfer from Tb3+ to Eu3+. The emission color can be changed from green to red, with increasing Eu3+ doping concentration in Tb3+-doped CaMoO4/SrMoO4 thin films. In addition, it was observed that the PL intensity of Eu3+ will enhance when Tb3+ ions are incorporated into Eu3+-doped CaMoO4/SrMoO4 thin films. The optical band gaps of the luminescent thin films are found to be in the range of 4.49 to 4.72 eV. These results revealed that Eu3+ and Tb3+ co-doped CaMoO4/SrMoO4 luminescent thin films have a significantly potential application in electroluminescent devices.
Bi 3+ /Tb 3+ , Eu 3+ co-doped Li 6 Gd(BO 3 ) 3 (LGBO) phosphors were synthesized via a traditional solid-state method. Phase purity was investigated using X-ray diffraction, absorption strength of the phosphors were investigated by UV–vis absorption spectra , and the photoluminescence properties of the phosphors were studied systematically. Results showed that the emission intensity of Bi 3+ , Eu 3+ co-doped LBOG was 2.76 times higher than that of Eu 3+ -doped LGBO irradiated at 275 nm, thereby implying the possibility of energy transfer from Bi 3+ to Eu 3+ . The excitation spectra of Tb 3+ , Eu 3+ co-doped LGBO phosphors are broader in comparison with single-doped phosphors and show tunable colors from green to yellow to orange-red when the ratio of Tb 3+ to Eu 3+ is adjusted These results demonstrate that LGBO:Tb 3+ , Eu 3+ phosphors have potential use in light-emitting diodes.
In this paper, Ce 3+ /Tb 3+ co-doped blue-green emitting Ba 2 Gd 5 B 5 O 17 borate phosphors were prepared for the first time. Phase purity, crystal structure, photoluminescence properties, energy transfer, and thermal stability of the as-synthesized samples were studied in detailed. The Ce 3+ ions singly doped Ba 2 Gd 5 B 5 O 17 :Ce 3+ phosphors had a broad excitation band in the 300–400 nm spectral range peaking at 345 nm, and when excited at 345 nm they exhibited a broad blue emission band in the 350–700 nm wavelength range with a maximum at 450 nm. Energy transfer process from Ce 3+ to Tb 3+ ions took place in the Ce 3+ /Tb 3+ co-doped Ba 2 Gd 5 B 5 O 17 phosphors, resulting in color-tunable emission outputs. It was found that under the excitation of 345 nm, the emission spectra of Ba 2 Gd 5 B 5 O 17 :Ce 3+ ,Tb 3+ phosphors displayed the broad blue emission band of Ce 3+ ions and the characteristic sharp green emission lines of Tb 3+ ions. Moreover, the intensity ratio of Ce 3+ blue emission to Tb 3+ green emission was adjusted by increasing the Tb 3+ doping concentration, and the Ce 3+ →Tb 3+ energy transfer mechanism was studied. Furthermore, the thermal stability of Ba 2 Gd 5 B 5 O 17 :Ce 3+ ,Tb 3+ phosphors was estimated, and the activation energy of Ba 2 Gd 5 B 5 O 17 :0.008Ce 3+ ,0.2 Tb 3+ sample was calculated to be 0.205 eV. The obtained results revealed that blue-green emitting Ba 2 Gd 5 B 5 O 17 :Ce 3+ ,Tb 3+ borate phosphors have potential usage in the fabrication of near-UV based white LEDs.
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