BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
·
2014
·
IF 5.039
Haiyan Zhang,Xuejun Liu,Meizhen Lu,Xinyue Hu,Leigang Lu,Xiaoning Tian,Jianbing Ji
In this work, the role of Brønsted acid for furfural production in biomass pyrolysis on supported sulfates catalysts was investigated. The introduction of Brønsted acid was shown to improve the degradation of polysaccharides to intermediates for furfural, which did not work well when only Lewis acids were used in the process. Experimental results showed that CuSO 4 /HZSM-5 catalyst exhibited the best performance for furfural (28% yield), which was much higher than individual HZSM-5 (5%) and CuSO 4 (6%). The optimum reaction conditions called for the mass ratio of CuSO 4 /HZSM-5 to be 0.4 and the catalyst/biomass mass ratio to be 0.5. The recycled catalyst exhibited low productivity (9%). Analysis of the catalysts by Py-IR revealed that the CuSO 4 /HZSM-5 owned a stronger Brønsted acid intensity than HZSM-5 or the recycled CuSO 4 /HZSM-5. Therefore, the existence of Brønsted acid is necessary to achieve a more productive degradation of biomass for furfural.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
催化
·
可再生能源
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2014
·Vol. 4
·期 91
·49924-49929
·
IF 3.708
Gang Feng,Zhen Liu,Ping Chen,Hui Lou
Solvents play a pivotal role in many chemical reactions as well as in upgrading of pyrolysis bio-oil. Herein we report a systematic study of the effects of solvents such as water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran and hexane on hydrogenation of a lignin-derived component of pyrolysis bio-oil, phenol, over activated carbon supported palladium catalysts. The solvents were classified into four groups so as to better understand the effect of them. For hydrogen bond donor–hydrogen bond acceptor (HBD–HBA) solvents and hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) solvents, the conversion of phenol decreased with increasing polarity/polarizability π*. Phenol was converted completely in hexane or water at 250 °C. However, in methanol or ethanol, it was converted partially. Synergistic action of multiple factors had an effect on the hydrogenation of phenol. To convert phenol better, water and hexane as solvents were excellent in upgrading of pyrolysis bio-oil.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
能源科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
·
2014
·
IF 3.019
Chuan Ma,Lushi Sun,Limei Jin,Changsong Zhou,Jun Xiang,Song Hu,Sheng Su
Pyrolysis of high impact polystyrene (HIPS), containing decabromodiphenyl oxide as brominated flame retardant (BFR) with Sb 2 O 3 as a synergist (Br–Sb–HIPS), often leads to high concentrations of toxic brominated organic compounds in the pyrolysis oils which would detrimentally impact the reuse of these pyrolysis oils. In this work, the pyrolysis of Br–Sb–HIPS in the presence of polypropylene (PP) at different blending mass ratios using a fixed bed reactor at 410 °C was performed to investigate what the effect of PP has on the pyrolysis of Br–Sb–HIPS. The thermal decomposition characterization of Br–Sb–HIPS and PP was investigated using thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). The pyrolysis oils were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). TGA revealed that there was a synergistic interaction between Br–Sb–HIPS and PP during co-pyrolysis process. More wax/oil and less gas were produced and the yields of toluene, ethylbenzene , styrene and many other compounds in the pyrolysis oil reversely increased in the presence of PP. Moreover, PP was found to be effective to reduce bromine in the pyrolysis oil. When 30 wt.% PP was blended into Br–Sb–HIPS, it could reduce the amount of bromine in pyrolysis oil to 38% of the original value.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
·
2018
·
IF 3.468
Shangzhi Yu,Ying Duan,Xiaoning Mao,Qinglong Xie,Gaoxiang Zeng,Meizhen Lu,Yong Nie,Jianbing Ji
A stable high-temperature reaction site and the uniformity and speed of heating the feedstocks play a key role in pyrolysis processes. In this study, microwave-assisted heating coupled with atomization feeding was used to pyrolyze methyl ricinoleate (MR) for the efficient, continuous production of undecylenic acid methyl ester (UAME) and heptanal (HEP). The effects of feed mode, reaction temperature and preheating temperature on microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) were examined. The maximum selectivities of HEP and UAME could reach 91.4 wt.% and 76.6 wt.%, respectively, at the reaction and preheating temperatures of 500 °C and 150 °C, respectively, using atomization feeding. The gas, liquid and solid products were determined by gas chromatography (GC), GC-mass spectrometry (MS) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and the gas, liquid and solid yield reached 7.0 wt.%, 89.0 wt.% and 0.1% wt.%, respectively, with an error of 3.9 wt.% at 500 °C. The pyrolysis of MR via microwave-assisted heating coupled with atomization feeding was found to be more efficient than the conventional pyrolysis process. In addition, the theoretical and actual heat for MAP of MR was 1461 kJ/kg and 2629 kJ/kg at 500 °C, respectively. The material balance and heat analysis results can be used to guide the design of an amplifying device.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
可再生能源
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
·
2016
·
IF 3.652
Yunpu Wang,Leilei Dai,Shaoqi Shan,Qin Zeng,Liangliang Fan,Yuhuan Liu,Roger Ruan,Yunfeng Zhao,Yue Zhou
This work is aimed to study the effect of unsaturation degree on microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) of fatty acid salts. Sodium stearate, sodium oleate, and sodium linoleate were selected as model compounds. MAP of sodium oleate obtained the highest yield of liquid product. GC–MS analysis of liquid product revealed that MAP of unsaturated fatty acid salt could produce alkadienes, cycloalkanes, cycloalkenes, alkynes and aromatics, which could not appear in liquid product obtained from MAP of saturated fatty acid salt, and unsaturation degree had a great influence on liquid product composition. Analysis of the gas product indicated that MAP of sodium oleate produced more CO 2 and CO, while the MAP of sodium linoleate produced more gaseous hydrocarbons and H 2 . Analysis of the solid char showed that MAP of unsaturated fatty acid salts favors the cyclization and aromatization of pyrolysis vapours. The properties of liquid product were measured and analyzed, which confirmed that MAP of fatty acid salts is a feasible technology to produce high-quality renewable hydrocarbon fuels.
研究领域:
能源化学
·
环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
·
2013
·
IF 4.75
Yan Zhao,Tao Pan,Yong Zuo,Qing-Xiang Guo,Yao Fu
Catalytic pyrolysis of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) was conducted on a fixed bed reactor at atmospheric pressure. HMF could be converted into aromatic hydrocarbons through catalytic pyrolysis . The catalysts and reaction conditions were both critical in maximizing the aromatic hydrocarbons selectivity . Four catalysts, β-zeolite, HZSM-5, Ga/HZSM and In/HZSM were tested in this study. HZSM-5 (Si/Al = 50) was found to be the most effective catalyst in both reactivity and selectivity among these catalysts. Under the reaction temperature of 600 °C, the highest carbon yield of 48.99% of aromatic hydrocarbons was achieved from catalytic pyrolysis HMF with HZSM-5 (Si/Al = 50) as catalyst. Moreover, the HZSM-5 (Si/Al = 50) catalyst was recycled for five times without shown deactivation of the catalyst.
研究领域:
能源生物学
·
催化化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2023
·
IF 7.7
Tianyue Su,Guo-Ping Lu,Kangkang Sun,Pengyu Wu,Chun Cai
Polylactic acid (PLA), as the most popular biodegradable polymers , has considered as a potential substitute for the petroleum-based plastics, but its large-scale applications are still limited because of lacking advisable wastes management strategies. Herein, we report a heterogeneous bimetallic FeNi catalyst for the selective catalytic pyrolysis of PLA to monomer under the isothermal temperature, solvent-free conditions. A series of Fe-based catalysts were prepared with a view to facilitate lactide conversion and improve its selectivity by tuning the properties of all Fe species. The optimal catalyst Fe 10 Ni 1 @NC shows excellent catalytic performance with a 73% yield of lactide, which is mainly attributed to the “synergistic effect” between all Fe species sites and FeNi alloys and the basic of N-dope carbon matrix. It’s discovered that Fe/Fe,C/Fe 3 O 4 sites are beneficial for the cleavage of ester linkages, and the FeNi alloys formed by introducing low amounts of Ni to Fe sites show better selectivity for the ring cyclization step. This work not only develops the pyrolysis methods of biodegradable plastic wastes to obtain the high-value chemicals and also contributes toward a circular economy .
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DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2023
·
IF 5.9
Anfu Hu,Qian Xia,Jun Wang,Tan Li,Kaige Wang,Jian Wu,Guojun Zhou,Jian Jiang
The effect of alkali and alkali earth metals on pyrolysis behavior of tobacco was revealed in this paper. Four alkali and alkali earth metal ions (Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ ) were used to impregnate acid-washed tobacco. The addition of alkali and alkali earth metal ions in acid-washed tobacco increases the relative content of ketones, acids, nitrogen containing compounds, and esters, while inhibit the formation of anhydro sugars and aldehydes. The generation of solid residues is enhanced by the presence of alkali and alkali earth metal ions and the increase of K + concentration. The addition of 0.5 mmol K + /g can increase the yield of solid residues from 13.7 wt% to 20.2 wt%. The increase of K + concentration promotes the conversion of anhydro sugars to ketones. The effect of hot water-wash, acid-wash, and acid-infuse, which can control the concentration of alkali and alkali earth metal ions in the tobacco, on the product distribution of tobacco pyrolysis were also discussed. Acid-wash method and hot water-wash method promote the production of carbohydrate derivatives and inhibit the generation of nitrogen-containing products. After nitric acid-wash and hot water-wash pretreatment , the relative content of nitrogen-containing products decreased from 52.1% to 6.2% and 4.3%, respectively. Compared with inorganic acid-wash pretreatment method, organic acid-wash pretreatment method has weaker inhibition on nitrogen-containing products. Organic acid-wash pretreatment method promoted the formation of aromatics and aldehydes. Prewash methods facilitate the thermal decomposition of tobacco. The results from this study suggests that feedstock pretreatment could be used as a strategy of controlling aroma compounds formation from tobacco.
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DOI
高影响因子
Processes
·
2023
·Vol. 11
·期 5
·1338
·
IF 3.5
Jing Ma,Jingyu Zhao,Tiejun Liu,Cuiling Yang,Yeyun Wang,Jinghui Zhang,Mingfu Li,Yufan Sun
This project designed and created a large-scale pyrolysis incineration system that decomposes waste tributyl phosphate/kerosene (TBP/OK) solvent from the plutonium/uranium process (PU-REX) in the nuclear industry. This system consists of a suspension preparation system (SPS), a pyrolysis and ash discharge system (PADS), and a combustion furnace and gas treatment system (CGS). The preparation of a waste TBP/OK emulsified suspension in the SPS, continuous operation experiments of the PADS and CGS, and pyrolysis incineration experiments were conducted. The results show that the SPS achieved the automatic preparation and feeding of emulsified suspensions at 30 kg/h. The PADS decomposed 99.99% of the TBP/OK emulsified suspensions and fixed more than 99% of phosphorus. The CGS burned the pyrolysis gas without diesel oil and purified more than 99.995% of the radioactive nuclides. This system showed great feasibility, stability, continuity, and safety, proving the compatibility between multiple systems of this new design. This paper marks a significant step in pyrolysis incineration technology for the nuclear industry.Keywords:pyrolysis incineration;TBP/OK;PUREX
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
·
2023
·
IF 6
Yongdi He,Jinou Song,Yuan Zhuang,Yongfeng Liu,Jibiao Xie
In order to investigate the effects of 1- nitropropane ( 1- NP) on the pyrolysis of n- hexane , the pyrolysis processes of pure n- hexane and n- hexane/ 1- NP mixture in a jet-stirred reactor (JSR) were experimentally studied at atmospheric pressure with the technique of synchrotron ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry (SVUV-PIMS). The pyrolysis experiments of pure n- hexane and n- hexane/ 1- NP mixture were performed in the temperature ranges of 673–1143 K and 598–1128 K, respectively. The species pools for the pyrolysis of pure n- hexane and n- hexane/ 1- NP mixture were comprehensively determined and 25 species for pyrolysis of pure n- hexane versus 18 species for pyrolysis of n- hexane/ 1- NP mixture were identified. Based on the photoionization mass spectra scanned at different photon energies, the mole fraction profiles of all the pyrolysis species were evaluated. The experimental results showed that the initial pyrolysis temperature of n- hexane was observably reduced by 75 K with the addition of 1- NP, and the initial formation temperatures (IFTs) of some major pyrolysis products and important intermediates were correspondingly reduced. A high degree of conformity in the species pools of the pyrolysis of pure n- hexane and n- hexane/ 1- NP mixture (at both low and atmospheric pressures) was observed. On the basis of the experimental observations, modeling simulations and mechanisms proposed in previous studies, the low-temperature mechanisms for the 1- NP-initiated pyrolysis of n- hexane were discussed. A mechanism, including unimolecular dissociation reactions of 1- NP, radical reactions to produce highly active radicals, H-abstraction reactions of n- hexane and subsequent C-C bond dissociation reactions of hexyl radicals, was proposed.
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DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2022
·
IF 7.968
Mengjiao Fan,Chao Li,Yuewen Shao,Kai Sun,Lijun Zhang,Shu Zhang,Kuan Ding,Mortaza Gholizadeh,Xun Hu
In pyrolysis , the formed biochar is not an inert material as it could interact with of varied volatiles via distinct ways, modifying the composition of bio-oil and its own property. In this study, the pyrolysis of biomass with the biochar of the exactly same origin was conducted at 500 ºC with cellulose, lignin and poplar sawdust as the research objects, aiming to probe the potential involvement of biochar in pyrolysis. It has been demonstrated that, independent of feedstock, the presence of biochar decreased yields of newly formed biochar (41.0 % decrease for cellulose while 22.3 % for sawdust) via suppressing secondary condensation of volatiles. However, the biochar catalyst aided to form more bio-oil and gas via catalyzing the secondary cracking reactions such as decarboxylation and dehydrogenation reactions. In addition, during the volatile-char interaction, deposition of oxygen-containing species on surface of biochar was observed, which influenced the thermal stability, hydrophilicity, the crystallinity and regularity of the spatial arrangement of carbon crystals of the resulting biochar. The results from in-situ characterization showed that the biochar catalyst interfered with the dehydrogenation of the C-H, the dehydration of -OH and formation of the reaction intermediates with C O.
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DOI
高影响因子
RENEWABLE ENERGY
·
2022
·
IF 8.634
Lingyan Zhu,Xudong Liu,Yuan Wu,Qifan Wang,Haotian Wang,Dongbing Li
Lignin-based activated carbons (LAC) were produced using thermochemical pretreatment and chemical activation with KOH. Fast pyrolysis at 550 °C in a CO 2 /N 2 atmosphere resulted in lignin char (LC) with a more developed porous structure than slow pyrolysis. The effect of activation conditions (KOH usage, temperature, and duration) on surface/physicochemical properties and electrochemical characteristics of the resulting LAC was fully studied. Using fast pyrolysis lignin char as a precursor and optimized activation conditions ( w KOH : w LC = 2, 800 °C, and 2 h), the resulting LAC featured a large surface area of 2149.5 m 2 g −1 , a total pore volume of 0.88 m 3 g −1 , and high capacitance of 300 F g −1 at 0.5 A g −1 in a 6 mol L −1 KOH electrolyte. The LAC-based symmetric supercapacitor could offer superior energy density (19.15 W h kg −1 at 250 W kg −1 power density) and a stable lifetime (98.2% of original capacity after 10,000 charge-discharge cycles). The excellent capacitor performance of LAC was attributed to its microporous-mesoporous structure developed from fast pyrolysis and subsequent chemical activation.
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）