Animals
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2020
·Vol. 10
·期 3
·471
·
IF 2.323
Aneela Perveen,Jiakun Shen,Niaz Ali Kaka,Chunmei Li
Simple SummaryThe experiment was designed to investigate the effect of gestational and lactational exposure to the T-2 toxin and its effects on the puberty of female mice offspring. T-2 toxin contaminates feed participates in the maternal diet. It directly interferes with the normal physiological function of offspring because the maternal diet is the most important during pregnancy and lactation. Female mice are more sensitive to the maternal diet during the lactation stage. Thus, their maturity stage is very complex and regulated by the hypothalamus, which controls Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and it also secretes reproductive hormones. Current findings report that T-2 toxins during late gestation and lactation period directly affect offspring, disturb the vaginal environment, delayed normal estrus cycle, and puberty age induces oxidative stress-caused ovarian damage. Based on findings, we think it is necessary to raise people’s attention to T-2 toxin-contaminated feed offered to animals. Current results reveal information about the health risks associated with a maternal diet, which affects the next generation.AbstractAmong foodborne toxicities, the T-2 toxin is the most toxic member of trichothecenes mycotoxins, which has been shown to impair the development and reproductive efficiency of animals. Pups are particularly more quickly prone to programming the effects of the maternal diet during the gestational and lactation periods. Few studies have reported the maternal toxic effect on the next generation. Dams were served the T-2 toxin at a dose of 0.005 and 0.05 mg/kg body weight/day and control group 0 mg/kg from gestation day 14 to lactation day 21. Female mice offspring were selected at the weaning age. Our observations indicate that age during the vaginal opening and di-estrus stage increased and the length of the estrus cycle, first di-estrus, and regular estrus cycling were delayed with prolonged di-estrus in the 0.05 mg/kg group compared to the 0.005 mg/kg and control group. Transcription level analysis showed that mice at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg exhibited a decrease in hypothalamic mRNA expression ofGnrhandGnrhr, Lhb,andFshbin the pituitary gland, with a significant decrease ofFshrandLhrin the ovaries. Present findings report that postnatal exposure to the T-2 toxin delayed puberty age in female mice and induced oxidative stress, ovarian damage, and reduced vaginal epithelium wall majorly in the 0.05 mg/kg group, and showed fewer effects in the 0.005 mg/kg group.Keywords:estrus cycle;mice;puberty;T-2 toxin
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Frontiers in Chemistry
·
2020
·
IF 3.693
Zhou Xinfeng,Qi Weihong,Yin Kai,Zhang Ning,Gong Shen,Li Zhou,Li Yejun
Highly efficient and low-cost non-noble metal based electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) have attracted more and more attention in recent years. However, the current research has been focused on the construction of novel OER electrocatalysts themselves, little attention has been paid to the modification of the substrates. In this work, a different strategy is proposed via laser ablation to fabricate the Cu foams with rich micro/nano-structures as OER substrates. Later, the precipitation conversion method was utilized to grow cobalt hydroxide on the laser fabricated Cu foams. The as-produced Cu/Cu oxides/Co(OH)2 electrocatalysts exhibit high OER activity in 1 M KOH, requiring an overpotential of only 259 mV at a current density of 50 mA cm−2 with excellent mild-term durability. The improved catalytic performance of the prepared samples can be attributed to the increased surface area, rich active sites, and the superhydrophilicity of the laser produced micro/nano-structures.
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APPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY
·
2020
·Vol. 34
·期 9
·e5783
·
IF 3.14
Wenpeng Gong,Li Zhang,Ying Yu,Bixia Lin,Yumin Wang,Yujuan Cao,Manli Guo
In this paper, cobalt ion was employed to modify Cu 3 (BTC) 2 to improve the adsorption property for formaldehyde gas. The cobalt ion was doped during the synthesis of Cu 3 (BTC) 2 to form a product of CuCo-BTC. As the optimization assay indicated, when the molar ratio of the Co 2+ /Cu 2+ was 3/17, the adsorption amount for formaldehyde gas achieved the maximum, which is 1.6-fold to that of Cu 3 (BTC) 2 . ICP-MS, XPS, XRD, FT-IR, SEM and N 2 adsorption–desorption were used to investigate the structure and property of the CuCo-BTC. Subsequently, the adsorption kinetic process of the CuCo-BTC was assessed, the result suggests it coinciding to the pseudo first-order kinetic model which belongs to the physical adsorption process. The further assays indicated the CuCo-BTC possessing higher and faster colorimetric response to formaldehyde with indicator than other metal organic framework materials or common indicators. Therefore, it was utilized to fabricate a functional paper chip to perform the visualized detection of formaldehyde gas. The result displayed a sensitive response to formaldehyde gas in the concentration range of 0.02 ~ 0.08 mg/m 3 . Besides, the whole colorimetric assay merely takes 150 s, suggesting a favorable application prospect in the on-site test of detrimental gas.
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RSC Advances
·
2020
·Vol. 10
·期 30
·17816-17828
·
IF 3.119
Wenchang Wei,Zheng Liu,Chuxin Liang,Guo-Cheng Han,Jiaxing Han,Shufen Zhang
In this work, two new bis-Schiff bases, namely 2-bromoisophthalaldehyde-2-aminofluorene (M1) and glutaraldehyde 2-aminofluorene (M2), were synthesized, and their structures were characterized and confirmed by infrared spectroscopy, Fourier transform mass spectrometry and UV-visible spectroscopy. Their corrosion inhibition performance on carbon steel in simulated circulating cooling water was investigated by weight loss measurements and electrochemical measurements. The potentiodynamic polarization curves confirmed that two bis-Schiff bases are anode-type inhibitors; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests showed that M1 and M2 possess the best inhibition efficiencies of 96.25% and 99.15% at the optimal concentration of 2.50 mmol L−1, respectively. The weight loss results showed that M1 and M2 exhibit maximum ηw values of 92.62% and 96.31%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the inhibitors inhibited carbon steel corrosion. The adsorption isotherm measurements indicated that the two inhibitors exhibited physicochemisorption mechanisms and followed Langmuir adsorption isotherms. The relationships between the molecular structure and inhibition behavior of the inhibitors were explored by density functional theory, frontier molecular orbital studies, and Fukui index analysis, which affirmed that M2 possesses higher corrosion inhibition efficiency than M1.
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ACS Omega
·
2020
·
IF 2.87
Yu-hang Song,Qing-tao Xu,Tao He,Zi-yang Wang,Lei Yu
An anthraquinone-2-sulfonate and reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (AQS@rGO) was prepared and the improvement on the biotic reduction of a pollutant, i.e., azo dye, was demonstrated. Electron paramagnetic resonance signal of the semi-quinone radical in the well-dispersed solid AQS@rGO solution was detected. Although the as-prepared AQS@rGO has a negligible adsorption capacity toward methyl orange (MO) dye, the decolorization efficiencies in both flask experiments and sequencing operation reactors in the presence of AQS@rGO were increased by more than 1.5 times as compared to that with graphene oxide, and an efficient and continuable catalytic effect on the decolorization of azo dyes in seven operation periods was maintained. The catalytic effect on reduction was caused by the formation of a space-charge layer, which facilitates the efficient e– transfer from the conductive rGO sheets to the C═O of the AQS molecule. The results suggested that the AQS@rGO may act as an efficient insoluble redox mediator, which is important for the pollution control by accelerating the extracellular electron transfer.
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JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY
·
2020
·Vol. 40
·期 11
·1526-1533
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IF 2.997
Yalei Yu,Youyou Zhang,Jie Zhang,Chuhuai Guan,Liang Liu,Liang Ren
Cantharidin is of high medicinal value but has strong toxicity. Nowadays, multiple research has focused on the mechanism of its antitumor activity while research on toxicological profiles associated with cantharidin poisoning is still limited. Its hepatotoxicity has attracted attention recently for the crucial role of the liver in detoxification. Here, we aim to find a potential mechanism for cantharidin-induced acute hepatotoxicity with a view to assisting subsequent research or clinical use or detoxification. Twenty-one male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, low-dose (1.34 mg/kg) and high-dose (2.67 mg/kg) cantharidin exposure groups. We used hematoxylin-eosin to observe pathological changes and used immunofluorescent staining, western blotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to detect the expression of the markers. The main pathological changes in livers of cantharidin-treated rats were necrosis, inflammatory infiltration and hemorrhage. We found coexpression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IkappaB kinase-alpha (IKK-α) and caspase3 by immunofluorescent staining in livers of cantharidin-treated rats. Compared with the control, the levels of TNF-α, IKK-α and caspase3 increased significantly in the experimental groups ( P < .05). The ratio of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)/Bax increased in the low-dose group but decreased in the high-dose group ( P < .05). Cantharidin exposure raised IKK-α mRNA and caspase3 mRNA levels ( P < .05). In conclusion, the participation of TNF-α, IKK-α, Bcl-2, Bax and caspase3 uncovered a novel mechanism underlying cantharidin-induced acute hepatotoxicity, and the mechanism needs to be studied further.
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JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
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2020
·Vol. 167
·期 10
·104501
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IF 3.721
Shengliang Wei,Yuqing Miao
The Mn-doped Ni(OH)2 nanostructures were obtained by a simple ion-exchange hydrothermal method. The as-prepared materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDXS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) for their morphological, composition and structural properties. As a material for modified electrodes, electrochemical tests demonstrate that the methanol oxidation peak current density of Mn-doped Ni(OH)2 nanostructures reached 14.18 mA cm−2 at 0.596 V (vs Ag/AgCl) in NaOH electrolyte. Similarly, the Mn-doped Ni(OH)2 nanostructures also maintained good electrocatalytic stability during the term of 36,000 s. The improvement of electrochemical performance is related to the introduction of Mn element in Ni(OH)2. It may promote Ni in the Mn-doped Ni(OH)2 nanostructures to carry the lower electron density and the higher oxidation state which may be responsible for the better performance toward methanol oxidation.
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MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS
·
2020
·
IF 4.551
Huiling Tang,Yuehua Gou,Zhengdong Yan,Qingqing Hu,Fumin Zhang,Qiang Xiao,Yijun Zhong,Weidong Zhu
Functionalized porous polymeric materials have a good potential for adsorption application owing to their abundant porosity, group tunability and chemical stability. Up to now, few studies have been reported on the fluorous porous polymers. Here, we report a solvothermal synthesis of fluorous porous poly methacrylate-divinyl benzene (FPMD) materials through a copolymerization of 2-(perfluorohexyl)ethyl methacrylate (C6Rf) and divinylbenzene (DVB) in an autoclave. Various techniques, such as nitrogen adsorption-desorption, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analyzer (TG), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and so on have been used to characterize the structure and morphology of the synthesized FPMD samples. It is found that C6Rf could copolymerize with DVB to form porous networks through a solvothermal reaction. The molar ratio of C6Rf and DVB as well as the solvent are closely related to the porosity of the FPMD. The porosity descends and even disappears when increasing the molar ratio of C6Rf/DVB to 1 in case of ethyl acetate as the solvent. While a fluorous solvent of hydrofluoroether (HFE-7300) is used, a FPMD with porous structure can be obtained at the same ratio. The fluorous solvent may favor the stretch of the fluorocarbon chains of C6Rf and thus produce porosity during the copolymerization. HFE-7200 with a lower boiling point has also been used as the fluorous solvent, finding that the pore structure of FPMD transforms to a typical bottle-shape mesopore structure. Pure solvent absorption tests indicate that the adsorption capacities to toluene, isopropanol and hydrofluoroether (HFE-7200) are 4.7, 6.2 and 7.8 ml/g, respectively, on the optimized FPMD material. The absorption capacity of HFE-7200 is higher than that of toluene and isopropanol, illustrating the fluorophilicity of the fluoridated porous materials.
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JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY
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2020
·Vol. 50
·期 11
·1091-1099
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IF 2.384
Fa Dejuan,Miao Yuqing
Abstract The NiHPO 4 –Ni(OH) 2 nanowire-assembled bouquets were easily synthesized. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy show the NiHPO 4 –Ni(OH) 2 bouquets form through the organization of nanowires which arrange with certain direction. The electrocatalytic activities of NiHPO 4 –Ni(OH) 2 –GCE towards the oxidation of methanol and urea were studied in NaOH. The nanowire-assembled bouquets were modified on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode, leading to the increase on the surface area of the electrode, which in turn enhanced the current density and electrocatalytic performance for the oxidation of methanol and urea. It shows the potential applications for the utilization of these energy molecules. Graphic abstract
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CHEMOSPHERE
·
2020
·
IF 5.778
Yuxuan Zhou,Jiaqi Shi,Yiping Li,Tao Long,Xin Zhu,Cheng Sun,Yuting Wang
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether (BCEE) has become one of the most frequently detected chlorinated ether contaminants in the US and Europe, and is classified as a B2 carcinogen. In this study, the degradation rate of BCEE by mercury lamps , xenon lamp and electromagnetic induction electrodeless lamp (EIEL) activated persulfate were compared, and EIEL activated persulfate was confirmed to have higher degradation capability and lower energy consumption. In this sense, the degradation kinetics and mechanism in EIEL system were further investigated. The degradation reaction followed pseudo first-order, and the removal rate of BCEE exceeded 95% in 60 min when the initial pH, the concentration of BCEE and Na 2 S 2 O 8 were 3, 4 mg L −1 and 15 mM, respectively. Presence of inorganic anions and humic acids would reduce the degradation rate constant. In accordance with the results of electron paramagnetic resonance and quenching experiments, SO 4 − · was dominant in the acidic regime and OH· was dominant in the alkaline regime. Meanwhile, OH· had higher degradation rate with BCEE when initial pH was 7. Seven degradation products were identified and the reaction pathways included OH· substitution and free radical coupling. Although the total organic carbon was eliminated slowly during the degradation of BCEE, the predicted toxicity of most degradation products to Fathead minnow , Daphnia magna and oral rat were lower than BCEE.
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JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2019
·Vol. 137
·期 20
·48687
·
IF 2.188
Xiangyang Chen,Dongfeng Xu,Hua Zhang,Xinxing Feng,Jianping Deng,Kai Pan
A novel halogen-free flame retardant copolyamide 6,6 (FR-PA66) was prepared successfully by in situ polymerizing with adipic acid hexamethylene salt and 2-carboxy ethyl (phenyl) phosphinic acid (CEPPA). The elemental composition and chemical structure of FR-PA66 were characterized by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and 13 C Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. The flame retardancy, thermal stability, and morphology of char residues were also investigated by the limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL 94 test, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that FR-PA66 samples had much better flame retardancy and char formation ability than pure PA66 after the flame retardant modification. The LOI values were increased from 24.0 to 28.0% by adding 6 wt % of CEPPA and all FR-PA66 samples were rated as V-0 rating in UL-94 test. Furthermore, the thermal stability analysis indicated that in situ polymerization with CEPPA effectively decreased the initial decomposition temperature and increased the amount of char residue. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 137 , 48687.
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International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics
·
2019
·Vol. 26
·期 4
·1839-1846
·
IF 1.219
Liu Lei,Liu Jie,Cui Qi,Jia Bo-Yan,Pei Zhi-Hua,Odah Kokou Ayefounin,Wang Yi-Ming,Dong Wen-Long,Kong Ling-Cong,Ma Hong-Xia
Proline-rich antimicrobial peptides (PR-AMPs) have attracted much interest as they target Gram-negative and do not act by lytic mechanisms. In this study, a novel hybrid peptide OM19R was designed based on the Oncocin and MDAP-2. OM19R showed specific and improved potency against Escherichia coli ( E. coli ), Salmonella and Shigella standard strains compared to parental peptides. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged from 1 to 2 μM. However, the activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae ( K. pneumoniae ) was inhibited. The dependence of the SbmA protein for OM19R activity was also studied by a gene-knockout strain. The confocal laser scanning microscopy further revealed that OM19R could rapidly penetrate into E. coli cells without membrane damage. In summary, the hybrid peptide OM19R is a strong cell-selective antibacterial peptide and a promising specific antibacterial agent.
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