ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
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2018
·
IF 8.097
Haozhen Dou,Bin Jiang,Xiaoming Xiao,Mi Xu,Xiaowei Tantai,Baoyu Wang,Yongli Sun,Luhong Zhang
Protic ionic liquids (PILs) were utilized for the fabrication of composite membranes containing silver salt as the C2H4 transport carrier to perform C2H4/C2H6 separation for the first time. The intrinsic nanostructures of PILs were adopted to construct fast and selective C2H4 transport nanochannels. The investigation of structure–performance relationships of composite membranes suggested that transport nanochannels (polar domains of PILs) could be tuned by the sizes of cations, which greatly manipulated activity of the carrier and determined the separation performances of membranes. The role of different carriers in the facilitated transport was studied, which revealed that the PILs were good solvents for dissolution and activation of the carrier due to their hydrogen bond networks and waterlike properties. The operating conditions of separation process were investigated systemically and optimized, confirming C2H4/C2H6 selectivity was enhanced with the increase of silver salt concentration, the flow rate of sweep gas, and the feed ratio of C2H4 to C2H6, as well as the decrease of the transmembrane pressure and operating temperature. Furthermore, the composite membranes exhibited long-term stability and obtained very competitive separation performances compared with other results. In summary, PIL composite membranes, which possess good long-term stability, high C2H4/C2H6 selectivity, and excellent C2H4 permeability, may have a good perspective in industrial C2H4/C2H6 separation.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
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2018
·
IF 6.578
Xiaoli Ding,Fangfang Tan,Hongyong Zhao,Mingming Hua,Mingxia Wang,Qingping Xin,Yuzhong Zhang
Many inorganic nanofillers including porous nanoparticles and nonporous nanoparticles, are incorporated into the polymer matrices to exceed the trade-off relationship between the gas permeability and the permselectivity of the polymeric membrane materials. However, the organic-inorganic combination often suffers from the undesirable interface between the organic matrices and the inorganic fillers. In this study, we fabricated the hollow polyamide nanoparticles with dense shell via the interfacial polymerization in the surfactant-free microemulsion . And then the hollow nanoparticles combined with liquid acrylate monomers to form the mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) via the UV-induced photo-polymerization. The nanoparticles with an average diameter of 42 nm dispersed uniformly in the membranes. The resulting membranes showed no obvious defect. Compared with those of the pure polymer membrane, the CO 2 permeability and CO 2 /N 2 permselectivity of the MMMs both increased as the nanofiller loading increased. And the gas permeation and separation performance exceeded the Robeson upper bound line with a maximum CO 2 permeability of 1898 Barrer and a maximum CO 2 /N 2 permselectivity of 43.9 at 1 wt% nanofiller loading. The improvement mainly arose from the increase in the CO 2 solubility, the N 2 diffusivity and the CO 2 /N 2 solubility selectivity. This combination of the hollow polymer nanoparticle with the dense shell and the polymeric membrane is also promising for fabricating ultra-thin and defect-free membranes for gas separation.
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ENERGY & FUELS
·
2018
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IF 3.024
Jing Bai,Xiang Zhen,Gengbiao Xie,Pan Li,Shuqi Fang,Chun Chang,Xin Gu
An improved combinatorial hydrate formation promoter was used for hydrate-based carbon dioxide (CO2) capture from simulated flue gas, which consists of cyclopentane (CP), tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB), and glucoamylase. The effects of different glucoamylase concentrations (wglu = 0.0, 3.0, 5.0, and 10.0 wt %), feed pressures (2.50–4.50 MPa), and reaction temperatures (274.15–278.15 K) were investigated for hydrate formation in the TBAB/CP/glucoamylase system. The kinetics performance of this system was evaluated by reviewing the CO2 recovery (S.Fr.) and separation factor (S.F.), gas uptake, and the apparent rate constant of hydrate formation. The results indicated the TBAB/CP system with 3.0 wt % glucoamylase solution at 2.50 MPa and 276.15 K to be the optimum experimental condition. Compared to the TBAB/CP system, CO2 separation improved by 22.2%, gas uptake increased by 11.5%, and the rate of hydrate formation accelerated by 67.6% with the presence of combinatorial promoter (TBAB/CP/glucoamylase).
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高影响因子
HOLZFORSCHUNG
·
2018
·Vol. 72
·期 11
·973-978
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IF 2.079
Hui-Chao Hu,Tong Zeng,Shaokai Zhang,Lihui Chen,Liulian Huang,Yonghao Ni
A solvent-assisted and pyrogallol (PG)-protected headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC) method was developed to determine the pinene (α- and β-pinene) content in the kraft pulping black liquor (BL). Ethanol (EtOH) addition eliminated pinene’s micelles in BL by complete dissolution in the EtOH/BL medium. PG was applied to protect pinene from oxidation during the sample storage and measurement. The results showed that, with a 25% (v/v) of EtOH content and a 0.1 g of PG in 5-ml of sample solution, a rapid and stable pinene HS extraction can be obtained in 20 min at 80°C. The method has high precision with relative standard deviations within 4.2%. The sensitivity [limits of quantification (LOQ) are ~140 μg l −1 ] was high, and a good accuracy (recovery=96.0–104%) was typical for the pinene detection. The presented method is simple, rapid, accurate and is suitable for pinene quantification in biorefinery related processes and it leads to the preparation of high-value chemicals.
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CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2018
·
IF 5.158
Shanshan Ma,Meiyun Zhang,Jingyi Nie,Jiaojun Tan,Bin Yang,Shunxi Song
A biodegradable cellulose-based air filter (Ag-MOFs@CNF@ZIF-8) with multi-layer structure was fabricated by in situ generation of double-component metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and reinforcement of cellulose nanofiber (CNF). It exhibits good filtration performance, gas adsorption, antibacterial activity and mechanical property. The presence of MOFs could enhance the interaction between the filter and particulate matter (PM) and significantly improve the specific surface area of the composite filter. Thus, the filtration efficiency of the composite filter could reach 94.3% for PM 2.5 and the nitrogen adsorption capacity increased to 109 cm 3 g −1 . Furthermore, the Ag-MOFs@CNF@ZIF-8 filter exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli with an inhibition zone diameter of 18.1 mm. The compressive strength of the composite filter could be up to 501 kPa, approximately 3.8 times higher than that of pure cellulose filter. Herein, this composite filter has a great application potential in PM 2.5 removal, toxic gas adsorption and healthcare fields.
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INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2018
·
IF 3.141
Yan Zhang,Peixin Zhang,Weikang Yu,Jun Wang,Qiang Deng,Jiangfeng Yang,Zheling Zeng,Mai Xu,Shuguang Deng
It is very challenging to prepare biomass-derived porous carbons with well-confined ultramicropores. Traditionally, biomass-derived carbons, via a chemical activation process, possess wide pore size distributions from micropores to macropores. Outstanding BET surface area of 2676 ± 107 m2 g–1 was obtained with excellent CO2 uptake of 6.15 and 2.26 mmol g–1 under 1 and 0.15 bar at 273 K. Furthermore, the outstanding CO2/N2, CO2/CH4, and CH4/N2 selectivities of 43.5, 7.4, and 5.9 were obtained on an OTS-1-550 at 298 K and 1 bar. The pore size effect on CO2 capture and gas-separation performance was carefully investigated, indicating that the ultramicropores (<1 nm) governed the CO2 adsorption capacity at 1 bar. Also, the vacuum swing adsorption (VSA) processes and breakthrough experiments have confirmed their practical application potential.
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JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
·
2018
·
IF 6.578
Shasha Zhao,Jiayou Liao,Danfeng Li,Xiaodong Wang,Nanwen Li
The novel gas separation membranes have been prepared by blending highly gas permeable polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) and with Tröger's Base polymer (TB). Interestingly, it was found firstly that the PIM-1 polymer was miscible with Tröger's Base polymer in any proportion. It was assumed that the excellent compatibility between two polymers could be attributed to the interaction between CN group in PIM-1 and N atoms in Tröger's Base moieties, as confirmed by ATR-IR results. Thus, flexible, tough and transparent blending membranes (PIM/TB) at different compositions between PIM-1 and TB were obtained by solution casting. The SEM results further confirmed the homogeneous morphology of blending membranes, indicating the excellent compatibility between two polymers. The gas separation performance testing by the volume-constant method suggested that the PIM/TB blending membrane showed lower pure gas permeability but higher ideal permselectivity than that of the pristine PIM-1 membrane, probably due to the lower d-spacing of TB polymers from commercial aromatic diamine which has a rotatable bond as confirmed by XRD results. The highest ideal permselectivity of CO 2 /CH 4 was obtained for PIM/TB (6:4) membranes with CO 2 permeability of 2585Barrer. Moreover, the excellent anti-plasticization ability of CO 2 was observed for the blending membranes. The temperature dependence of gas separation and ideal permselectivity had also been observed for the membranes. The results suggested that the ideal permselectivity, particularly for the CO 2 /N 2 and CO 2 /CH 4 at lower temperature were much higher than that of the membrane at high temperature in spite of the decreasing permeability of CO 2 . The highest ideal permselectivity was achieved as high as 54.3 for CO 2 /N 2 at − 25 ℃ for PIM/TB(8:2) membrane. Thus, the strategy of blending Tröger's Base with PIM-1 showed a promising approach for high performance gas separation membrane.
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ACS Applied Nano Materials
·
2018
·
IF 0
Zequn Yang,Hailong Li,Chen Liao,Jiexia Zhao,Shihao Feng,Pu Li,Xi Liu,Jianping Yang,Kaimin Shih
Rattle-type Fe3O4@CuS synthesized using a two-step method was applied for elemental mercury (Hg0) adsorption in coal combustion flue gas for the first time. The Fe3O4 with strong magnetization was an ideal candidate as a core to make the sorbent recyclable, while the stabilized ultrathin CuS shell assured that the Fe3O4@CuS had a higher Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area with more exposed active sites and stronger magnetization. The optimal operating temperature of 75 °C allowed for the injection of the sorbent between the wet desulfurization (WFGD) and wet electrostatic precipitator (WESP), which removed the detrimental influence of nitrogen oxides. Simulated flue gas (SFG) in this section showed a slight inhibitive effect on Hg0 adsorption over the Fe3O4@CuS, mainly due to the presence of water vapor (H2O). The inhibition of H2O was proven to be the result of an active site prevention effect instead of the widely recognized competitive adsorption effect. The adsorption capacity and rate of the Fe3O4@CuS for Hg0 capture reached 80.73 mg g–1 and 13.22 μg (g min)−1, which were the highest values among the magnetic sorbents currently reported for Hg0 removal from coal combustion flue gas. These properties allowed the sorbent to maintain a 100% Hg0 capture efficiency for more than 20 h with only a 50 mg dosage when no regeneration step was applied. Meanwhile, the contacting time between the sorbent and Hg0 was generally less than 5 s in a typical sorbent injection process. Polysulfides dominated the capturing process and primarily contributed to the extremely high adsorption capacity/rate. A multistep reaction mechanism was proposed to explain the Hg0 adsorption over Fe3O4@CuS. At the first stage, polysulfide participated in Hg0 adsorption as the most active component and was consumed rapidly. After that, S–S dimers, sulfides, and even copper-terminated sites functioned as the adsorption centers. The as-formed mercury–copper (Hg–Cu) amalgam was transformed into mercury sulfide (HgS), a process that was dependent on the extent of the saturation of sulfide sites. With these advantages, Fe3O4@CuS is a promising, cost-effective, highly recyclable, and efficient alternative to the traditional activated carbon for capturing Hg0 in coal combustion flue gases.
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Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences
·
2019
·Vol. 9
·期 1
·1-13
·
IF 0
Middha Deepak,Negi Archna
Water-pipe tobacco smoking obsession has again spread worldwide. Especially, the younger generation is besotted with mu’assel (shisha) and avidly use these for smoking. Numbers of additives are being added in commercial brands of mu’assel (shisha) to impart diverse taste with amusing aroma. The name of only one of the masking flavours like strawberry, chocolate, vanilla etc. and not the chemical ingredients are printed on the packets of mu’assel. The manufactures remain silent about mentioning the chemical ingredients used for flavourings as they may not have scientific data about chemical compounds attributing to multiple flavours. There is also a shortfall in quality control owing to non-availability of technical procedure(s) to identify masking multiple flavouring additives. Many of these flavoured additives are either carcinogenic or potentially hazardous for human health. Ignoring health hazards, the avaricious manufacturers are intentionally adding multiple additives to make their products more addictive in order to increase their sales. The need of the hour is to unequivocally establish a technique for chemical profiling of the flavouring additives in mu’assel. In this paper, seven popular commercial brands of mu’assel were extracted, sonicated and analysed by GC-MS technique for detection of flavouring additives.Twenty-eight flavouring additives, i.e. camphor, linalool, benzyl ethanol, β-citronellol, menthol, vanillin, ethyl vanillin, eugenol, eucalptol, patchouli alcohol, nerol, rheosmin, musk ambrette, musk ketone, phenyl ethyl methyl ether, anethole, estragole, limonene, benzaldehyde, terpineol, phenyl ethyl butyrate, phenethyl isobutyrate, piperonal, methyl isobutyrate, methyl dihydro jasmonate, anisyl alcohol, trans-geraniol and sabinene along with nicotine were detected in varied proportions by GC-MS technique in seven seized popular commercial brands of mu’assel.A study on chemical profiling of flavouring additives in commercial mu’assel has yet not been reported. Henceforth, this forensic attempt was aimed to secure public health by chemically profiling the flavouring additives of mu’assel. Many of the detected additives may cause severe health problems. Moreover, the smoker may suffer from neuroticism and psychoticism that may lead to a number of cases pertaining to physical assaults and sexual harassment.
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JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
·
2017
·Vol. 98
·期 4
·1574-1583
·
IF 2.463
Shanshan Yu,Yufan Zhang,Yun Ran,Wenyi Lai,Zhaoshou Ran,Jilin Xu,Chengxu Zhou,Xiaojun Yan
BACKGROUND Steryl glycosides (SGs) are sterol conjugates found in various plants, especially in those making up human diets. It has been demonstrated that SGs have potential health benefits, and they could be used as food supplements in a variety of food matrixes. Marine microalgae are a potential resource for human food and ingredients. In this study, gas chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC–QQQ-MS) was used to characterize unknown SGs in eight microalgae belonging to different classes ( Isochrysis galbana 3011, Pavlova viridis , Platymonas helgolandica , Conticribra weissflogii , Thalassiosira pseudonana , Nitzschia closterium , Gymnodinium sp., and Karlodinum veneficum ). RESULTS The SGs were first extracted from lyophilized algae with chloroform–methanol, purified by solid-phase extraction and analyzed as trimethylsilyl derivatives. Nine SGs have been identified. In particular, new SGs like occelasteryl glycoside and stellasteryl glycoside were found in Gymnodinium sp., 24-methylene cholesteryl glycoside was detected in P. helgolandica , and 4,24-dimethylcholestan-3-yl glycoside was identified as the main constituent of microalga K. veneficum . The results also showed that the compositions of SGs in different microalgae varied, with a range of 5.234 to 0.036 g kg −1 , and microalga P. viridis contained the most abundant SGs. CONCLUSION GC–QQQ-MS is a powerful tool to detect SGs with different structures from a variety of microalgae. The compositions of SGs in different microalgae varied greatly. Microalgae are a good source of highly valued SGs. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2017
·
IF 6.216
Gang Chen,Xun Zhu,Rong Chen,Qiang Liao,Dingding Ye,Hao Feng,Jian Liu,Ming Liu
Unlike traditional gas–liquid–solid microreactors with the catalyst coated on the inner wall, a gas–liquid–solid monolithic microreactor with the Pd nanocatalyst coated on the polydopamine modified nickel foam was developed in this study. This new design enables large surface area for loading the nanocatalyst and enhancement of mass transfer. The performance of the proposed monolithic microreactor was evaluated by hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. It was found that this monolithic microreactor displayed more excellent performance than conventional flat microreactor. Meanwhile, the effects of the nickel foam length, liquid flow rate, gas flow rate and inlet nitrobenzene concentration on the nitrobenzene conversion, aniline concentration at the outlet and gas conversion were also studied. Experimental results showed that the increase of the nickel foam length and gas flow rate and the decrease of the liquid flow rate could improve the performance. Besides, although increasing the inlet nitrobenzene concentration could result in the increased aniline concentration at the outlet and gas conversion but the nitrobenzene conversion was decreased. This work opens a new window for the design of high-performance gas–liquid–solid microreactor toward multiphase catalytic reactions.
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Chemical Engineering and Processing-Process Intensification
·
2017
·
IF 2.234
Yifu Li,Li ’ao Wang,Pengrui Jin,Xue Song,Xinyuan Zhan
This article details the physical absorption of CO 2 from synthetic landfill gas (containing 40% CO 2 and 60% CH 4 ) using a hollow fiber membrane contactor (HFMC) at elevated pressures in the range of 0.1–1.2 Mpa. Polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether (Selexol) was used as absorbent in HFMC for the first time. The effects of operating parameters on the absorption process were investigated. The results show that the use of Selexol as absorbent gives higher CO 2 absorption fluxes and removal efficiencies compared to water. The highest absorption flux reached 1.61 × 10 −3 mol/m 2 s at 1.2 Mpa. A 2D mathematical model and a resistance-in-series model were used together to analyze the absorption process and membrane wetting at different pressures. Due to the relatively lower surface tension of Selexol, the absorption process suffers more negative effects from membrane wetting at higher pressures. The change of mass transfer resistances in each phase along with the elevated pressures was theoretically calculated. The results reveal that even when slight membrane wetting occurs, resistance in the wetted part of the membrane is nonnegligible.
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