Micromachines
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2026
·Vol. 17
·期 2
·151
·
IF 3
Weilin Guo,Yanping Hu,Yunchao Cao,Hongbin Zhang,Hong Wang
Field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors enable label-free and real-time electrical transduction; however, their practical deployment is often constrained by the need for bulky benchtop instrumentation to provide stable biasing, low-noise readout, and data processing. Here, we report a portable extended-gate FET (EG-FET) integrated sensing system that consolidates the sensing interface, analog front-end conditioning, embedded acquisition/control, and user-side visualization into an end-to-end prototype suitable for on-site operation. The system couples a screen-printed Au extended-gate electrode to a MOSFET and employs a low-noise signal-conditioning chain with microcontroller-based digitization and real-time data streaming to a host graphical interface. As a proof-of-concept, enterohemorrhagicEscherichia coliO157:H7 was selected as the target. A bacteria-specific immunosensing interface was constructed on the Au extended gate via covalent immobilization of monoclonal antibodies. Measurements in buffered samples produced concentration-dependent current responses, and a linear calibration was experimentally validated over 104–1010CFU/mL. In specificity evaluation against three common foodborne pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus,Salmonella typhimurium, andListeria monocytogenes), the sensor showed a maximum interference response of only 13% relative to the target signal (ΔI/ΔImax) with statistical significance (p< 0.001). Our work establishes a practical hardware–software architecture that mitigates reliance on benchtop instruments and provides a scalable route toward portable EG-FET sensing for rapid, point-of-need detection of foodborne pathogens and other biomarkers.
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WATER RESEARCH
·
2026
·
IF 12.4
Jiaying Yan,Panpan Wang,Ying Cao,Jinlong Zhu,Xingyan Jin,Luwei Li,Chuandong Wu,Hao Zhang,Hui Xie,Jun Ma
Nanofiltration (NF) membrane technology is pivotal in water purification, yet commercial membranes degrade over time, reaching end-of-life (EOL) status and requiring costly replacement, which contributes to environmental waste. Herein, a novel strategy is proposed for regenerating EOL NF membranes by constructing a stable ternary crosslinked network incorporating the adhesion characteristics of tannic acid (TA)-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) self-assembled sticky particles and their metal coordination effect with Fe 3+ . The sticky particle adhesion and Fe 3+ crosslinking processes were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and quartz crystal microbalance-dissipation (QCM-D) measurements, which revealed the formation process of TA-PVA-Fe ternary network. Compared to binary networks, the TA-PVA-Fe ternary network exhibited markedly reduced pore size (molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) = 399 Da, average diameter (d adv ) = 0.674 nm), resulting in enhanced monovalent/divalent salt separation performance (Cl - / SO 4 2 − separation factor of 54.5). The TA-PVA-Fe regenerated EOL NF membrane demonstrates robust Cl - / SO 4 2 − separation capability during extended-duration operation, maintaining Na 2 SO 4 rejection at 97.3 ± 0.7% and NaCl rejection at 29.6 ± 0.5%. Additionally, it exhibits superior antifouling properties, reducing flux decline by over 45% relative to TA-Fe membranes under organic foulant challenges. These findings underscore the potential of this eco-friendly approach for recycling EOL membranes and advancing sustainable water treatment technologies.
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MICROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2026
·Vol. 193
·期 2
·119
·
IF 5.3
Jia Menggai,Li Yingqi,Qin Ziyao,Li Longwei,Peng Ling,Yang Molin,Hu Beibei,Li Zhiwei,Sun Shiguo
Two modified electrochemical molecularly imprinted polymer electrochemical sensors (MIP/AuNPs/GCE and MIP/GA@CS/AuNPs/GCE) were prepared for the detection of the clinically relevant protein biomarkers, including BSA, Histone, IGF-1, CRP, HSA, GSH, and β-LG. MIP/AuNPs/GCE were prepared by simple modification of AuNPs onto the GCE, which can detect proteins containing free sulfhydryl groups only. To broaden the detection scope, MIP/GA@CS/AuNPs/GCE were prepared, modified by chitosan (CS) and glutaraldehyde (GA) to form hydrogen bonds and Schiff bases with proteins, thereby enabling efficient protein immobilization. The result shows that the MIP/AuNPs/GCE sensor can only detect BSA, HSA, GSH and β-LG, which have the free sulfhydryl groups. While the MIP/GA@CS/AuNPs/GCE sensor can detect all seven proteins. Combined with molecular imprinted polymer technology, the optimized MIP/GA@CS/AuNPs/GCE sensor exhibited a broader capability for protein detection. The MIP/GA@CS/AuNPs/GCE sensor demonstrated excellent selectivity, a wide detection range, and high sensitivity, with a detection limit down to the fM level. This method is applicable for the detection of protein biomarkers, providing innovative technical support for clinical diagnosis, bioanalytical chemistry, and protein separation and extraction.
Section
Graphical
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POLYMER COMPOSITES
·
2026
·
IF 4.7
Jinian Yang,Hanxing Yang,Xia Xu,Yuxuan Xu,Dehan Chen,Weilong Chen,Zhoufeng Wang,Shibin Nie
Epoxy resin (EP) is widely used in machinery and electronics but suffers from marked brittleness and poor wear resistance, which limits its further application under high-speed and heavy-load conditions. To address this issue, hydrangea-inspired multi-scale hybrid particles were rationally designed, with polyphosphazene microspheres (PZM) serving as the substrate and nickel phyllosilicates (NiPS) nanosheets as the decorations. The as-synthesized multi-scale PZM@NiPS hybrids, combining the organic flexibility of PZM and the inorganic rigidity of NiPS, were incorporated into EP matrix at various mass fractions to fabricate a series of composites. Results indicate that the decorated inorganic nanosheets endow PZM@NiPS with a significantly rough surface, contributing to well-bonded interfaces and homogeneous dispersion; these features collectively enhance the mechanical performance of EP/PZM@NiPS composites. When 0.5 wt.% PZM@NiPS is added, the tensile strength, fracture elongation and fracture energy increase by 7.92%, 29.8%, and 180.2%, respectively; however, Shore D hardness increases steadily with PZM@NiPS content. Wet-sliding tests confirm that PZM@NiPS plays a significant positive role in improving wear resistance, and the minimum wear rate of 2.19 × 10 −6 mm 3 /Nm is achieved at a filler content of 1 wt.%, which is a significant reduction of approximately 48.18% compared with pure resin. Finally, the wear mechanism of the EP/PZM@NiPS composites is proposed based on detailed characterization and analysis. This work provides a promising “three-in-one” strategy that enables polymer composites to maintain high hardness while avoiding increased brittleness, thereby offering a novel pathway for the development and application of high-performance polymer-based friction materials suitable for harsh service environments. Highlights PZM@NiPS was rationally synthesized via a biomimetic multi-scale design strategy. Incorporating 0.5 wt.% PZM@NiPS improved the mechanical properties significantly. Adding 1 wt.% PZM@NiPS remarkably suppressed the wear rate by 48.18%. The wear mechanism involving adequate PZM@NiPS was revealed.
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JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 9.6
Yong Huang,Tao Quan,Bowen Li,Chaohui Zhen,Haiqian Zhang,Zhiyao Li,Chongzhi Wu,Rui Liang,Lihe Sun,Xin Xie
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), lacking effective therapeutic targets, is highly aggressive, prone to metastasis, and associated with poor prognosis, highlighting the necessity for innovative therapeutic strategies. Ferroptosis, an emerging form of iron-dependent programmed cell death, presents a promising treatment approach. However, its effectiveness is often hindered by adaptive resistance within the tumor microenvironment and inefficient drug delivery. To address these limitations, the glutathione (GSH)-responsive disulfide linker (-SS-) was utilized to engineer rhein (Rhe, chemotherapeutic agent) and ferrocene (Fc, ferroptosis booster) into the self-assembling small-molecule prodrug RSSF. Sorafenib (SOR), a ferroptosis inducer, was stably loaded into RSSF via a simple nanoprecipitation method, yielding the newly nanoprodrug designated as SOR@RSSF nanoparticles (NPs) for the combination therapy of TNBC. SOR@RSSF NPs exhibit markedly enhanced cellular uptake and enable the highly specific and synchronous release of Rhe, Fc, and SOR in response to intracellular GSH levels. Notably, Fc efficiently generates hydroxyl radicals (•OH) through the Fenton reaction, thereby inducing pronounced oxidative stress, while SOR concurrently impaired the cellular ferroptosis defense machinery. Combined with the chemotherapeutic activity of Rhe, the resulting lipid peroxide (LPO) accumulation and GSH depletion synergistically trigger both ferroptosis and apoptosis selectively in tumor cells. In a 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse model, SOR@RSSF NPs significantly inhibited tumor progression while maintaining a favorable biosafety profile. Overall, this study presents a promising ferroptosis-sensitizing strategy using a nanoprodrug delivery system for combination therapy against TNBC.
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Small
·
2026
·
IF 12.1
Xiuwen Ye,Wanrong Gu,Haiqin Liu,Mengxian Chu,Li Ming,Yanting Wu,Pei Li,Jinfeng Liao
Bone defects arise from trauma, fractures, tumors, or infections, presenting significant treatment challenges. Effective repair requires concurrent angiogenesis and osteogenesis due to the importance of vasculature for nutrient supply. This study introduces a PDA@GelMA/HA-DA/Fe 3+ hydrogel, where Fe 3+ ions crosslink dopamine-modified hyaluronic acid (HA-DA) with gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) to form a dual-network hydrogel, also incorporating photothermal polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles. In vitro and in vivo studies reveal that Fe 3+ enhances angiogenesis, while the hydrogel's photothermal properties improve bone repair in massive defects. In cell experiments, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) exhibit the highest osteogenic differentiation in the hydrogel + photothermal group, followed by the hydrogel group alone. qPCR and Western blot analyses confirm elevated expression of osteogenic genes and proteins in BMSCs treated with the hydrogel + photothermal method. Micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) analyses show the most significant bone formation in the hydrogel + photothermal group, while control samples show limited mineralization. Histological staining indicates substantial bone tissue formation in the treatment groups, with increased expression of osteogenesis-related proteins (OCN, OPG, RUNX2, ALP) and angiogenesis markers (CD31, VEGFA). Our study demonstrates that the PDA@GelMA/HA-DA/Fe 3+ hydrogel promotes bone defect repair, with Fe 3+ mediating angiogenic effects and photothermal stimulation augmenting its osteogenic potential.
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Small
·
2026
·
IF 12.1
Guangzhu Shang,Peiyi Zheng,Hengzhi Ni,Shan Wei,Luoquan Li,Xingyue Lei,Zerui Wu,Xiaogang He,Zirui Wang,Zhongliang Zhu,Huichao Ou,Liqun He,Zida Li,Tengchuan Jin,Gang Zhao
Protein crystallization is essential for macromolecular structure determination, which in turn enables advances in drug discovery, enzyme engineering, and functional biology. However, conventional crystallization methods require large sample volumes, extensive screening, and long incubation times, while often yielding irreproducible results. Microfluidic droplets reduce reagent use and enable high-throughput screening, but their sealed environments fix solute concentrations at formation, limiting control over supersaturation and crystal growth. Here, we present the Droplet Concentration Control and Vision (DCCV) platform, which integrates programmable osmotic modulation with automated computer vision. Using semi-permeable double emulsion droplets, DCCV allows post-formation, dynamic tuning of solute concentrations through engineered osmotic gradients. A deep learning–based imaging system provides high-throughput, label-free quantification of droplet size, permeability, and morphology over time. As a demonstration, DCCV produced X-ray–quality protein crystals within 20 h, supported by a predictive model of osmotic transport. Beyond crystallization, DCCV establishes a versatile framework for microscale reaction engineering, biomolecular self-assembly, and materials discovery.
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JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 9.6
Shouning Yang,Ran Guo,Shuai Zhang,Fangxiao Li,Jinliang Liu,Huayan Yang
The integration of photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and immunotherapy represents a promising strategy for enhancing anticancer efficacy. However, current approaches often rely on cocktail-based nanoplatforms that load multiple agents, which complicates preparation and raises concerns about stability and potential side effects. Therefore, developing structurally simple, easily synthesized nanomaterials with inherent multifunctionality is highly desirable. In this work, we report the first synthesis of biocompatible heterostructures. The interfacial contact within these heterostructures facilitates efficient charge carrier separation, enabling the simultaneous activation of photothermal conversion and photodynamic functionalities under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. Beyond these photophysical effects, the obtained Bi₂Se₃@BiSe nanosheets effectively polarize M0 macrophages toward the tumor-suppressive M1 phenotype, a process which in turn promotes robust immunogenic cell death. Collectively, this work establishes Bi₂Se₃@BiSe as a versatile nanoplatform for triple-modal cancer therapy, seamlessly integrating PTT, PDT, and immunotherapy, thus proposing a novel paradigm for developing next-generation combinatory cancer therapeutics.
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Materials Today Bio
·
2026
·
IF 10.2
Huanqing Zhu,Haonan Yu,Mengxin Huang,Panjie Sun,Yuanfang Tang,Zhanyi Zhang,Puming He,Youying Tu,Bo Li
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by a complex pathogenesis. Current clinical treatments exhibit several limitations, including low efficacy and considerable side effects, prompting a growing interest in novel therapeutic strategies. In this study, we developed a microneedle-assisted dual-nano drug delivery strategy that targets both oxidative stress and Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) expression, aiming for enhanced therapy of AD. Self-assembling nanoparticles (NPs) incorporating epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and lactoferrin were developed to effectively modulate oxidative stress. Concurrently, CRISPR-CasRx technology was employed to silence JAK1, and nanoparticles were constructed by encapsulating CasRx and siRNA within poly (β-amino ester) (PBAE). Both types of NPs were successfully delivered to skin lesions in AD mice through microneedles, either individually or combined, resulting in significant alleviation of symptoms. Treatment reduced dermatitis severity scores and splenomegaly, decreased epidermal thickness and mast cell infiltration, and increased collagen fiber content. Additionally, levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-13) and oxidative DNA damage marker (8-OHdG) in dorsal skin tissues were lowered, accompanied by decreased serum levels of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and IgE. The therapy also suppressed JAK1 expression and activated the Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) antioxidant pathway, except for PBAE-plasmid NP-loaded microneedles, which did not significantly increase HO-1 expression. Notably, microneedles containing both NPs exhibited superior efficacy in reducing IL-1β and JAK1 levels and upregulating Nrf2 expression compared to formulations with only one NP type. This innovative combination strategy demonstrates promise as a novel therapeutic approach for AD.
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MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS
·
2026
·
IF 3.9
Jingyan Wei,Shixin Li,Shuaiqi Ma,Peihang Jiang,Asma Riaz,Fengying Feng,Hongxin Niu,Jian He
Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen mainly involved in chronic biofilm-related infections, especially at epithelial surfaces and wound sites, owing to its ability to form antibiotic-resistant biofilms and release virulence factors. Conventional antibiotics often fail to eradicate established biofilms and may contribute to the emergence of drug resistance, underscoring the urgent need for alternative biofilm-inhibiting and antivirulence strategies. Herein, we synthesized several dicyclic peptides, including cyclo(L-Phe, L-Hyp) and its stereoisomers cyclo(L-Phe, D-Hyp) and cyclo(D-Phe, L-Hyp), to evaluate their ability to inhibit S. aureus biofilm formation. All cyclic dipeptides exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1 mg/mL. Biofilm inhibition was assessed via crystal violet staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy. At 0.5 mg/mL (1/2 MIC), the compounds exhibited superior inhibition of 24 h biofilm formation compared with vancomycin, with cyclo(L-Phe, D-Hyp) showing the most profound inhibitory activity. qRT-PCR revealed that at 0.25 mg/mL (1/4 MIC), cyclo(L-Phe, D-Hyp) significantly downregulated the expression of the Agr -quorum-sensing system ( RNAIII : −75.7%; hla : −61.7%; psm-α : −73.3%), the ica operon ( icaA : −71%; icaD : −76.7%), and sarA (−69.3%) ( P < 0.0001). Notably, cyclo(L-Phe, D-Hyp) showed low cytotoxicity (CC 50 = 5.13 ± 0.27 mg/mL) and negligible hemolysis (<1 %) at twice its MIC, indicating a favorable safety margin for antimicrobial use. These cyclo dipeptides can be formulated for topical delivery to sites such as skin, mucosa, or open wounds, providing a practical approach for localized treatment of biofilm-associated infections. These findings identify cyclo(L-Phe, D-Hyp) as a promising lead for the development of topical anti-infective agents targeting chronic S. aureus biofilm-associated infections.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2026
·
IF 8.5
Na Wang,Hanyu Ren,Tongtong Li,Chunhui Luo
Designing hydrogels with antibacterial, antifouling, lubricating, wet-adhesive, and highly mechanical properties is crucial for articular cartilage replacement. However, achieving such a combination remains a big challenge. To tackle this issue, a PCG matrix with a compressive strength of 42 MPa was prepared from polyvinyl alcohol, grape seed protein and chitosan via the multiple linkages (crystalline domains, hydrogen bonds, and ionic interactions). Next, the introduction of sulfobetaine methacrylate in the top layer endowed the hydrogel antifouling and lubricating performances. Subsequently, ciprofloxacin (CIP) was encapsulated via the self-assembly of soybean lecithin (SL) in water using the thin-film hydration method, followed by soaking the pre-hydrogel into the aqueous dispersion. Compared with PCG hydrogel, the antibacterial effects on E. coli and S. aureus were increased by 2250% and 1700% respectively. Meanwhile, the SPA gel achieved antibacterial rate of ~100% against both types of bacteria. In addition, the hydrophilic phosphatidylcholine groups of SL formed a boundary lubrication layer, reducing the coefficient of friction to 0.018. Finally, a gelatin-tannic acid adhesive layer was coated on the bottom to obtain the resultant SPA gel. The amino acids and polyphenol groups endowed the hydrogel with robust wet adhesion. Owing to the biocompatible materials and green process, the obtained SPA hydrogel had a cell viability of 96.7%, indicating excellent cytocompatibility. This biomimetic design successfully replicated the structures and performances of articular cartilages, making it promising for cartilage replacements.
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ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2026
·
IF 19
Meijun Zhou,Yanni He,Ning Zhang,Jianwei Yang,Honghui Weng,Renhao Xu,Lizhen He,Tianfeng Chen,Hongmei Liu
Disruption of chondrocyte redox homeostasis is a critical pathogenic factor in osteoarthritis (OA). Selenium (Se), an essential trace element, helps maintain redox balance by regulating 25 selenoproteins in human tissues. Based on this, we developed a Se-based OA treatment strategy using a novel ultrasound-responsive hydrogel (HA-Se hydrogel). This system employs hyaluronic acid (HA) as a matrix and integrates ultrasound-responsive diselenide (Se─Se) bonds that act as an intelligent “on-off” for precise spatiotemporal control of Se release at the lesion site. This promotes efficient conversion into bioactive selenoproteins, restoring redox homeostasis in the OA microenvironment. In vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that ultrasound-triggered scission of Se─Se bonds facilitates on-demand Se release. The released Se is converted into selenoproteins, which enhance antioxidant capacity, reduce ROS accumulation, and restore mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby inhibiting chondrocyte apoptosis, attenuating inflammation, and delaying OA progression. Furthermore, this system enhances SOX9 expression by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway, thereby activating COL2A1 and inhibiting MMP13 to regulate cartilage metabolism balance. In conclusion, the engineered HA-Se hydrogel provides an effective solution for achieving controlled Se release in OA therapy. It represents a multi-target treatment strategy combining anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, and anti-metabolic mechanisms, with significant clinical translation potential.
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