Advanced Science
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2026
·
IF 14.1
Tingting Zhang,Mengyi Xu,Yan Zhang,Zhiwen Li,Danqing Song,Jing Pang,Ke Li,Yanxiang Wang
Bacterial-based materials, leveraging their inherent hypoxia and immunosuppressive microenvironment-targeting capabilities, immunomodulatory effects, and drug delivery advantages, have emerged as promising strategies to modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) for converting immunologically “cold” tumors into “hot” ones. This study innovatively functionalizes Lactobacillus reuteri ( L. reuteri ) using metal-phenolic networks (MPNs) to co-deliver αPD-L1 antibodies and gallium ions (Ga 3 + ) for synergistic anti-tumor therapy. The MPN coating materials enable pH-responsive drug release, whereby αPD-L1 reverses immunosuppression and Ga 3 + disrupts tumor iron metabolism, mimicking Fe 3 + to induce selective ferroptosis. In vivo evaluations in B16 and LLC tumor-bearing mouse models revealed that functionalized L. reuteri had the potential to reprogram the tumor immune microenvironment and significantly enhanced tumor regression. This system achieved multifunctional tumor regression in vivo, integrating bacterial hypoxia-driven chemotaxis, MPN-mediated ferroptosis, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)-driven immune activation. Thus, the multifunctional materials offer a novel strategy for treating refractory or immunologically “cold” tumors.
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Cardiovascular Diabetology
·
2026
·Vol. 25
·期 1
·289
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IF 15.6
Jia Xiubin,Wu Qi,Zhang Xiaoyong,Lin Hequn,Gong Jiahui,Ye Hui,Hu Xueli,Liang Zhaoxia,Chen Danqing,Zhu Wei,Ma Luyu
Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are common metabolic complications during pregnancy. GDM is an independent risk factor for HDP, while HDP is a major contributor to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Reliable early tools for identifying women with GDM who are at risk of subsequently developing HDP remain limited. This study aimed to integrate metabolomic, lipidomic, and clinical data to identify reproducible candidate biomarkers associated with subsequently diagnosed HDP in women with GDM and to characterize the accompanying metabolic and lipidomic alterations. Methods In this prospective exploratory biomarker study, a discovery cohort (n = 128) and a validation cohort (n = 55) were recruited. Serum samples collected at 24–28 weeks of gestation were analyzed using untargeted and targeted metabolomics. Lipidomics was performed to complement the metabolomic analysis and characterize lipid-related alterations. A combined predictive model was constructed using logistic regression, and its predictive performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results Untargeted metabolomics identified lower serum acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) in the GDMHDP group than in the GDM group, and this difference was confirmed by targeted LC–MS/MS in the validation cohort. The combined ALC–diastolic blood pressure (DBP) model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.907 in the discovery cohort and 0.886 in the validation cohort. Adding ALC to DBP improved discrimination and reclassification in both cohorts. Multi-omics analysis showed complementary and partly distinct lipid associations with ALC and DBP. Lower ALC was associated with selected ceramide and monolysocardiolipin species, as well as with lipid patterns consistent with altered fatty-acid handling, whereas DBP showed a partly distinct pattern of lipid correlations. Conclusions Reduced serum ALC at 24–28 weeks of gestation was reproducibly associated with GDM complicated by HDP. Combining ALC with DBP improved discrimination between GDMHDP and uncomplicated GDM, suggesting complementary metabolic and hemodynamic information. Given the modest number of GDMHDP cases and the single-center design, these findings should be interpreted as exploratory and hypothesis-generating; they support further evaluation of ALC as a candidate metabolic marker but require confirmation in larger independent cohorts.
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Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization
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2026
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IF 3.6
Yu Lu,Ge Yinglin,Chen Xiaobo,Wei Zhongming,Li Zhe,Jiang Mingguo,Wang Xiuli,Khoo Hock Eng,Li Xia
To address the paucity of functional studies on acidic polysaccharide fractions, the present study focused on the structural identification and immunomodulatory effects of acidic polysaccharides derived from Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J. Presl. Specifically, two acidic polysaccharide fractions (WCP-1 F and WCP-2 F) were extracted from the cinnamon samples using alcoholic precipitation and further purified. The molecular masses of WCP-1 F and WCP-2 F were 846 kDa and 64 kDa, respectively. The polysaccharides of WCP-1 F were predominantly composed of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose, and arabinose, exhibiting molar ratios of 1.48:5.02:1.00:1.80. The WCP-2 F polysaccharides were predominantly composed of rhamnose, mannose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, and arabinose, with molar ratios of 0.30:0.38:0.17:0.55:0.48:1.00:1.24. The mean total sugar content was 61.29 ± 1.41% and 36.00 ± 0.04%, respectively. The DPPH · radical scavenging rates of the WCP-1 F and WCP-2 F were 44.62% and 41.12%, respectively, while the ABTS ·+ radical scavenging rates of both polysaccharide fractions demonstrated a maximum activity of 100%. The · OH radical scavenging capacity of these two fractions was 22.49% and 35.28%, respectively. The results also demonstrated that WCP-1 F and WCP-2 F exerted preliminary immunomodulatory effects on RAW 264.7 cells, primarily reflected in the regulation of cellular NO production and macrophage phagocytosis. The immunostimulatory activity of RAW 264.7 cells was enhanced by the increased concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α secreted by macrophages after treatment with the two polysaccharide fractions. This study provides a preliminary experimental basis for further research on the potential application of cinnamon-derived acidic polysaccharides in functional foods.
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2026
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IF 10.6
Huibing Chi,Qingwei Jiang,Weiwu Wang,Jiafeng Niu,Guizheng Zhang,Dongqing Xu,Zhaoxin Lu,Ping Zhu,Fengxia Lu,Tingting Ran
The widespread presence of the environmental contaminant acrylamide (AA) in thermally processed foods has been linked to serious environmental and health challenges. Although the formation of AA can be fundamentally inhibited by L-asparaginase (L-ASNase), its removal efficiency is highly dependent on substrate affinity. However, the structural mechanism by which the affinity of this L-ASNase is regulated remains poorly understood. Herein, a rational design strategy of active site loop (ASL) engineering was initially employed to improve the substrate affinity of L-ASNase from Bacillus licheniformis . As a result, two single mutants (K18S and L24Y) both exhibited approximately 50% increased substrate affinities with unaffected catalytic activities. Moreover, the combined double mutant K18S/L24Y achieved a significantly lower K m value of 1.49±0.25 mM. Subsequently, structural analysis revealed that mutants K18S and L24Y obtained disordered active site loops (ASLs) compared with the β-hairpin structure in wild type by reducing the hydrogen bonds and changing the hydrophobic interactions, displaying the altered interaction forces between amino acids on the active site for substrate binding. Building on these structural observations, molecular dynamics simulations were further performed to uncover the underlying physical mechanism. It was revealed by the simulations that the mutations lead to reduced dynamic fluctuations and the achievement of an energetically neutral state in the ASL region, thereby converting substrate binding from a "high-resistance" mode to a "zero-resistance" mode and consequently enhancing affinity. Additionally, mutant K18S held the same α-helix orientation linked to ASL as the wild type for maintaining catalytic activity. To our knowledge, this study fills a gap in the structural mechanism of substrate affinity for L-ASNases and offers a guideline for engineering L-ASNases from different origins for environmental contaminant applications.
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ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
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2026
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IF 6.1
Yanxiao Quan,Guojun Weng,Jian Zhu,Jianjun Li,Junwu Zhao
Background Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in human exhaled breath serve as molecular fingerprints that reflect metabolic dysregulation and can indicate the onset and progression of diseases such as lung cancer. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), characterized by its high sensitivity, molecular specificity, and tolerance to humidity, offers a promising approach for breath analysis. However, the intrinsically weak Raman activity of exhaled biomarkers and poor gas adsorption on solid substrates still hinder its practical implementation. Therefore, it is essential to develop a SERS-based breath sensor that simultaneously enables signal amplification, gas enrichment, rapid operation, and cost-effectiveness. Results This study presents a novel ultrasensitive SERS sensing platform based on a core-shell ZIF-L@Au NTs composite, integrating high sensitivity, selectivity, and rapid detection capabilities. The anisotropic gold nanotriangles (Au NTs), serving as the plasmonic core, exhibit excellent structural stability and strong electromagnetic field enhancement. The outer ZIF-L metal-organic framework (MOF) shell facilitates the selective adsorption and pre-enrichment of target analytes, while its confinement effect synergistically amplifies the SERS signal, markedly improving detection sensitivity. As a result, the system enables reliable quantification of 4-ethylbenzaldehyde in the concentration range of 10 −4 -10 −8 M, achieving a detection limit down to the sub-ppm level with high stability and repeatability. Simulated detection of the potential lung cancer biomarker 4-ethylbenzaldehyde demonstrated the platform's strong enrichment capability and outstanding sensing performance. Significance This work establishes an ascorbic-acid-directed strategy to construct flower-like ZIF-L and, for the first time, integrates gold nanotriangles with a metal-organic framework into a core-shell ZIF-L@Au NTs SERS platform. The synergistic combination of MOF-based gas enrichment, sharp-tip plasmonic hot spots and 4-ATP/aldehyde chemistry enables sub-ppm level detection of exhaled 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, highlighting a promising route for non-invasive breath diagnostics.
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2026
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IF 6.7
Yehua Yang,Jiaqi Li,Xuejin Li,Qichang Huang,Weiwei Jiang,Wei Zhang,Yuqian Jiang,Yao Tang
Phyllanthus emblica L. is a fruit with high medicinal and edible value. Its main bioactive component, gallic acid (GA), is significantly increased by hot air drying, yet the underlying chemical mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated the temperature-dependent transformation of phenolics during drying (80–130 °C) using UHPLC-MS/MS and Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS). High-temperature drying (110 to 130 °C) increases the GA content by 13.4–26.9 fold. Integrated metabolomic analysis suggests this accumulation results primarily from two nonenzymatic pathways: the thermal hydrolysis of glucose galloyl derivatives (e.g., glucogallin, digalloylglucose, and trigalloylglucose), and the degradation of glucuronic acid galloyl derivatives (e.g., 2-O-galloylgalactaric acid and monogalloylgalactonolactone). While temperatures >110 °C maximize gallic acid yield, the Maillard reaction products (e.g., 5-HMF) were also promoted. These findings elucidate the chemical mechanism of GA accumulation via ester bond cleavage, providing a scientific basis for optimizing drying protocols to balance medicinal quality and safety.
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PLANT AND SOIL
·
2025
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IF 4.1
Song Yang,Liu Yang,Li Haipu,Liu Qianwen,Lu Denglong,Yang Zhaoguang
Background and Aims Sulfur (S) decreases arsenic (As) accumulation in crops, yet its mechanism and applicability to other plants remain unclear. This study investigated the role of S in As behavior in lettuces ( Lactuca sativa L.) and evaluated S application in leafy plants, focusing on As complexation. Methods Plants were stressed with arsenate (AsV) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) under three different S supplementation (0, 1, and 3 mM) in hydroponic culture. As species, As-phytochelatins, ascorbate–glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle enzymes and mineral elements in plants were analyzed. Results The effect of S was As-species-dependent. Specifically, under AsV stress, 3 mM S significantly decreased As content by 20.8% in leaves and As translocation factor (TF) by 17.4%, while root As (230–252 mg/kg, dry weight) and As-phytochelatins (1.02–1.27 mg/kg, fresh weight) remained unaffected, which is contrary to other reports. In terms of As species, leaf arsenite (AsIII) content and TF-AsIII were decreased, but AsV and root AsIII content were not significantly changed. Under DMA stress, 3 mM S significantly decreased As content by 17.7% in roots but did not alter leaf As content. The root DMA was significantly decreased, while monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and leaf DMA content were unchanged. Additionally, exogenous S regulated root AsA-GSH cycle over leaves under both As stresses and increased leaf Fe and Zn accumulation. Conclusions Exogenous S inhibited AsV and DMA uptake, suppressed AsV-to-AsIII conversion and AsIII transfer to leaves, and facilitated DMA-to-MMA conversion, highlighting its potential applications in agriculture to restrict As in leaves on contaminated lands.
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Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology
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2025
·
IF 8.2
Nan Zhao,Wendong Zhou,Xinran Yang,Lanxin Shi,Chang Liu,Chenyang Ji,Zezheng Li,Xichao Sun,Liwen Qiang
Cadmium (Cd) pollution poses a serious threat to agricultural ecosystems and food security. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) have been proposed as a strategy to alleviate heavy metal stress, yet their effects under Cd exposure remain controversial. In this study, rice seedlings were exposed to Cd (0 or 30 mg/kg) with or without TiO₂ NPs (anatase or rutile; 0, 20, 50, or 100 mg/kg) for 40 days. Compared with the blank, Cd exposure alone did not significantly affect root length, root dry weight, shoot length, shoot dry weight, or chlorophyll content (ANOVA, p > 0.05). In contrast, under Cd stress, TiO₂ NP treatment induced significant growth inhibition relative to the blank, with shoot length, root dry weight, and chlorophyll content reduced by 22–29 %, 27–47 %, and 29–41 %, respectively ( p < 0.05). With respect to oxidative stress indicators, Cd exposure reduced antioxidant enzyme activities (e.g., peroxidase) and increased malondialdehyde levels, while co-treatment with TiO₂ NPs substantially reversed these alterations, restoring values close to those of the blank. Multi-omics analyses revealed that under Cd stress, anatase TiO₂ NPs alleviated oxidative stress by modulating flavonoid metabolism but impaired growth through energy disruption, whereas rutile exerted its effects via thiamine metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and the TCA cycle. These findings suggest that under Cd stress, crystal structure was not the primary determinant of TiO₂-mediated effects, as both anatase and rutile activated distinct molecular pathways yet converged on comparable physiological and growth outcomes. Overall, our results support a defense-growth trade-off model, in which TiO₂ NPs alleviate Cd-induced oxidative stress while concurrently exacerbating growth inhibition. The paradoxical role of TiO₂ NPs highlights the need for comprehensive safety assessments prior to their use in nano-enabled agriculture on heavy metal-contaminated soils.
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Polymers
·
2026
·Vol. 18
·期 3
·332
·
IF 4.9
Jinqiang Zhu,Wenjun Qin,Bo Wu,Haining Li,Cui Cheng,Xiao Han,Xiwen Jiang
Background: Chronic diabetic wounds, particularly diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), are prone to recurrent infection and delayed healing, resulting in substantial morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. Multifunctional wound dressings that combine antibacterial, antioxidant, conductive, and self-healing properties may help to address the complex microenvironment of chronic diabetic wounds. Methods: In this study, ε-poly-L-lysine and amino-terminated polyethylene glycol were grafted onto carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) via amide coupling to obtain ε-PL-CNT-PEG. Aminated chondroitin sulfate (CS-ADH) and a catechol–metal coordination complex of protocatechualdehyde and Fe 3+ (PA@Fe) were then used to construct a dynamic covalently cross-linked hydrogel network through Schiff-base chemistry. The obtained hydrogels (Gel0–3, Gel4) were characterized for photothermal performance, rheological behavior, microstructure, swelling/degradation, adhesiveness, antioxidant capacity, electrical conductivity, cytocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and antibacterial activity in the presence and absence of near-infrared (NIR, 808 nm) irradiation. Results: ε-PL-CNT-PEG showed good aqueous dispersibility, NIR-induced photothermal conversion, and improved cytocompatibility after surface modification. Incorporation of ε-PL-CNT-PEG into the PA@Fe/CS-ADH network yielded conductive hydrogels with porous microstructures and storage modulus (G′) higher than loss modulus (G′′) over the tested frequency range, indicating stable gel-like behavior. The hydrogels exhibited self-healing under alternating strain and macroscopic rejoining after cutting. Swelling and degradation studies demonstrated pH-dependent degradation, with faster degradation in mildly acidic conditions (pH 5.0), mimicking infected chronic diabetic wounds. The hydrogels adhered to diverse substrates and tolerated joint movements. Gel4 showed notable DPPH• and H 2 O 2 scavenging (≈65% and ≈60%, respectively, within several hours). The electrical conductivity was 0.19 ± 0.0X mS/cm for Gel0–3 and 0.21 ± 0.0Y mS/cm for Gel4 (mean ± SD, n = 3), falling within the range reported for human skin. In vitro, NIH3T3 cells maintained >90% viability in the presence of hydrogel extracts, and hemolysis ratios remained below 5%. Hydrogels containing ε-PL-CNT-PEG displayed enhanced antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus , and NIR irradiation further reduced bacterial survival, with some formulations achieving near-complete inhibition under low-power (0.2–0.3 W/cm 2 ) 808 nm irradiation. Conclusions: A dynamic, conductive hydrogel based on PA@Fe, CS-ADH, and ε-PL-CNT-PEG was successfully developed. The hydrogel combines photothermal antibacterial activity, antioxidant capacity, electrical conductivity, self-healing behavior, adhesiveness, cytocompatibility, and hemocompatibility. These properties suggest potential for application as a wound dressing for chronic diabetic wounds, including diabetic foot ulcers, although further in vivo studies are required to validate therapeutic efficacy.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
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2026
·Vol. 37
·期 4
·318
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IF 3.2
Su Xiuyuan,Chen Yuan-Bin,Tang Ruxuan
Based on the Na 0.48 La 0.52 MoO 4 ceramic, this study replaced La 3+ ions with Nd 3+ ions through ion substitution, which significantly increased the Q × f of Na 0.48 La 0.52 MoO 4 and reduced the sintering temperature. The good sintering state of this series of ceramics was demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and density tests. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy results revealed the formation of solid solutions without the presence of secondary phases or impurities. The P–V–L theory indicated that the Na/La/Nd–O bond-to-bond ionicity (fi) contribution was dominant, while the Mo–O bond also played a significant role in the lattice energy ( U ), bond energy ( E ), and thermal expansion coefficient ( α ). Among them, the Na 0.48 La 0.48 Nd 0.04 MoO 4 ceramic achieved the best dielectric performance at 900 °C, with ɛ r = 11.027 ± 0.018, Q × f = 113,805 ± 6,358 GHz, and τ f = − 23.36 ppm/℃. Through ion substitution, these materials all have low sintering temperatures and high Q × f values, making them ideal candidates for low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC).
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JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE
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2026
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IF 3.8
Liqian Niu,Xian Wang,Xinxin Liu,Xin Liu,Shiyue Niu,Bin Yang,Jia Liu,Shuyun Bi
A highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method for the detection of acephate was established by using the substrate of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) modified with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and zinc oxide (ZnO). The Raman signal enhancement factor (EF) of acephate by the substrate of ZnO/NAC/AgNPs can be reached 4.95 × 10 6 . The ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the substrate of ZnO/NAC/AgNPs. The mechanism of electromagnetic enhancement (EM) assisted by chemical enhancement (CM) was elucidated in detail. The optimal experimental conditions were selected. The interference experiments showed that this method had high selectivity in complex substrates. There was a good linear relationship between acephate concentration and SERS signal intensity in the range of 6.00 × 10 −9 mol L −1 – 8.00 × 10 −7 mol L –1 , and the linear equation was I SERS = 85.02 c + 24712.49 ( r = 0.9982, c : nmol L −1 ) with the limit of detection (LOD) was 3.40 nmol L –1 (3 σ / S ). The SERS method was successfully applied for the detection of acephate residues in vegetable samples, and the recovery was in the range of 95.3% – 104% ( n = 5).
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
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2026
·Vol. 37
·期 4
·287
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IF 2.8
Tang Ruxuan,Chen Yuan-Bin,Su Xiuyuan,Tang Ling
With the rapid development of 5G/6G mobile communication technology, microwave dielectric materials are facing increasingly strict performance requirements. As core fundamental materials for modern communication systems, performance optimization of microwave dielectric ceramics has become a research hotspot. Addressing the limitations of single-phase ceramic materials, dense microwave dielectric ceramics of (Nd 1- x La x ) 2 [Zr 0.89 (Bi 0.5 Ta 0.5 ) 0.11 ] 3 (MoO 4 ) 9 ( x = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07) were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method. The experimental process involved 550 °C pre-sintering followed by gradient sintering at 600–725 °C (4 h holding time). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that all samples exhibited trigonal crystal structure with \(R\overline{3} c\) space group. The lattice parameters were obtained by Rietveld refinement method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization indicates that compactness has a significant impact on the dielectric constant ( ε r ) and the quality factor ( Q × f ). Raman spectroscopy analysis indicated strong associations of ε r and Q × f values with characteristic peak shifts and full width at half maximum ( FWHM ), respectively. When sintered at 675 °C, the NLZBTM ( x = 0.03) ceramics exhibited exceptional comprehensive performance: ε r = 11.24 ± 0.02, Q × f = 116,914 ± 5738 GHz, and τ f = − 37 ± 1.5 ppm/℃. The bond property analysis based on the P–V–L theory shows that the ionicity of the Nd/La–O bond makes the greatest contribution to εᵣ , while the covalency of the Mo–O bond significantly affects the Q × f value and τ f parameter. It is noteworthy that this material achieves low-temperature sintering at 675 °C while maintaining excellent microwave dielectric properties, demonstrating significant potential as a candidate material for low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC).
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