Animals
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2020
·Vol. 10
·期 3
·471
·
IF 2.323
Aneela Perveen,Jiakun Shen,Niaz Ali Kaka,Chunmei Li
Simple SummaryThe experiment was designed to investigate the effect of gestational and lactational exposure to the T-2 toxin and its effects on the puberty of female mice offspring. T-2 toxin contaminates feed participates in the maternal diet. It directly interferes with the normal physiological function of offspring because the maternal diet is the most important during pregnancy and lactation. Female mice are more sensitive to the maternal diet during the lactation stage. Thus, their maturity stage is very complex and regulated by the hypothalamus, which controls Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and it also secretes reproductive hormones. Current findings report that T-2 toxins during late gestation and lactation period directly affect offspring, disturb the vaginal environment, delayed normal estrus cycle, and puberty age induces oxidative stress-caused ovarian damage. Based on findings, we think it is necessary to raise people’s attention to T-2 toxin-contaminated feed offered to animals. Current results reveal information about the health risks associated with a maternal diet, which affects the next generation.AbstractAmong foodborne toxicities, the T-2 toxin is the most toxic member of trichothecenes mycotoxins, which has been shown to impair the development and reproductive efficiency of animals. Pups are particularly more quickly prone to programming the effects of the maternal diet during the gestational and lactation periods. Few studies have reported the maternal toxic effect on the next generation. Dams were served the T-2 toxin at a dose of 0.005 and 0.05 mg/kg body weight/day and control group 0 mg/kg from gestation day 14 to lactation day 21. Female mice offspring were selected at the weaning age. Our observations indicate that age during the vaginal opening and di-estrus stage increased and the length of the estrus cycle, first di-estrus, and regular estrus cycling were delayed with prolonged di-estrus in the 0.05 mg/kg group compared to the 0.005 mg/kg and control group. Transcription level analysis showed that mice at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg exhibited a decrease in hypothalamic mRNA expression ofGnrhandGnrhr, Lhb,andFshbin the pituitary gland, with a significant decrease ofFshrandLhrin the ovaries. Present findings report that postnatal exposure to the T-2 toxin delayed puberty age in female mice and induced oxidative stress, ovarian damage, and reduced vaginal epithelium wall majorly in the 0.05 mg/kg group, and showed fewer effects in the 0.005 mg/kg group.Keywords:estrus cycle;mice;puberty;T-2 toxin
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MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS
·
2020
·
IF 4.551
Fangbin Fan,Xiaobin Nie,Chao Fan,Xiaojing Liang,Xiaofeng Lu,Yong Guo
In this paper, L (+)-Cysteine (L-Cys) and 5-norbornene-2-carboxylic acid (5-N-2-CA) were modified on the silica spheres by cross-linking polymerization and thiol-ene click reaction. The Cys-Si-NCA was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen sorption porosimetry , thermogravimetric analysis and other characterization methods. The results indicated that the colume had a regular spherical shape with porous surfaces and particle sizes mainly ranging from 4.5 to 5.5 μm. The surface area of the Cys-Si-NCA microspheres was 328.68 m 2 g −1 , and their respective average pore size was 9.27 nm. Furthermore, the colume exhibited excellent stabilities and reproducibility. Experimental results demonstrate that this new stationary phase can facilitate the separation of sulfonamides, nucleosides and nucleobases compounds in hydrophilic chromatographic (HILIC) conditions. In addition to being able to attenuate the peak tailing of separation, it can also be used for quantitative analysis of creatinine in urine. We also give the temperature and pH ranges of separation on Cys-Si-NCA column. The successful synthesis of the Cys-Si-NCA stationary phase provides foundation for the application of this kind of materials in liquid chromatography (LC).
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Molecular Catalysis
·
2020
·
IF 3.687
Ping Wei,Peng Chao,Yao-Ying Wang,Dong-Li Li,Qing-Jian Zou,Min-Hua Zong,Wen-Yong Lou
( S )-1-Phenyl-1,2-ethanediol (PED) is a vital chiral block in specialty chemical industries. The biotransformation of 2-hydroxyacetophenone (2-HAP) to ( S )-PED was conducted successfully catalyzed with BL21(DE3)(pETDuet- gst -mut- accr - gdh ) which harboring a carbonyl reductase mutant (mut-AcCR). The catalytic activity of the biocatalyst was 15.9 times higher than the recombinant cells harboring original AcCR. 250 mM 2-HAP was reduced, under optimal conditions, and the yield and space-time yield were 95.2 % and 1.89 M/d in the buffer system. Then C 4 MIMI·PF 6 was chosen to be the second phase to improve the catalytic efficiency, and the substrate concentration was increased to 450 mM in the C 4 MIMI·PF 6 /buffer system. After a reaction duration of 3 h, the product yield was over 92 %, and the space-time yield increased to 2.88 M/d which was 1.52 folds higher than that in the buffer system. Also, the product e.e. was over 99 % consistently. Overall, the preparative scale reduction of 2-HAP (450 mM) in C 4 MIMI·PF 6 /buffer system was conducted with promising result. The developed effective C 4 MIMI·PF 6 /buffer system of asymmetric reduction catalyzed by BL21(DE3)(pETDuet- gst -mut- accr - gdh ) will promote the preparation of the enantiomeric pureity chiral alcohol at industrial scale.
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JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY
·
2020
·Vol. 40
·期 11
·1526-1533
·
IF 2.997
Yalei Yu,Youyou Zhang,Jie Zhang,Chuhuai Guan,Liang Liu,Liang Ren
Cantharidin is of high medicinal value but has strong toxicity. Nowadays, multiple research has focused on the mechanism of its antitumor activity while research on toxicological profiles associated with cantharidin poisoning is still limited. Its hepatotoxicity has attracted attention recently for the crucial role of the liver in detoxification. Here, we aim to find a potential mechanism for cantharidin-induced acute hepatotoxicity with a view to assisting subsequent research or clinical use or detoxification. Twenty-one male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, low-dose (1.34 mg/kg) and high-dose (2.67 mg/kg) cantharidin exposure groups. We used hematoxylin-eosin to observe pathological changes and used immunofluorescent staining, western blotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to detect the expression of the markers. The main pathological changes in livers of cantharidin-treated rats were necrosis, inflammatory infiltration and hemorrhage. We found coexpression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IkappaB kinase-alpha (IKK-α) and caspase3 by immunofluorescent staining in livers of cantharidin-treated rats. Compared with the control, the levels of TNF-α, IKK-α and caspase3 increased significantly in the experimental groups ( P < .05). The ratio of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)/Bax increased in the low-dose group but decreased in the high-dose group ( P < .05). Cantharidin exposure raised IKK-α mRNA and caspase3 mRNA levels ( P < .05). In conclusion, the participation of TNF-α, IKK-α, Bcl-2, Bax and caspase3 uncovered a novel mechanism underlying cantharidin-induced acute hepatotoxicity, and the mechanism needs to be studied further.
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MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS
·
2020
·
IF 4.551
Huiling Tang,Yuehua Gou,Zhengdong Yan,Qingqing Hu,Fumin Zhang,Qiang Xiao,Yijun Zhong,Weidong Zhu
Functionalized porous polymeric materials have a good potential for adsorption application owing to their abundant porosity, group tunability and chemical stability. Up to now, few studies have been reported on the fluorous porous polymers. Here, we report a solvothermal synthesis of fluorous porous poly methacrylate-divinyl benzene (FPMD) materials through a copolymerization of 2-(perfluorohexyl)ethyl methacrylate (C6Rf) and divinylbenzene (DVB) in an autoclave. Various techniques, such as nitrogen adsorption-desorption, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analyzer (TG), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and so on have been used to characterize the structure and morphology of the synthesized FPMD samples. It is found that C6Rf could copolymerize with DVB to form porous networks through a solvothermal reaction. The molar ratio of C6Rf and DVB as well as the solvent are closely related to the porosity of the FPMD. The porosity descends and even disappears when increasing the molar ratio of C6Rf/DVB to 1 in case of ethyl acetate as the solvent. While a fluorous solvent of hydrofluoroether (HFE-7300) is used, a FPMD with porous structure can be obtained at the same ratio. The fluorous solvent may favor the stretch of the fluorocarbon chains of C6Rf and thus produce porosity during the copolymerization. HFE-7200 with a lower boiling point has also been used as the fluorous solvent, finding that the pore structure of FPMD transforms to a typical bottle-shape mesopore structure. Pure solvent absorption tests indicate that the adsorption capacities to toluene, isopropanol and hydrofluoroether (HFE-7200) are 4.7, 6.2 and 7.8 ml/g, respectively, on the optimized FPMD material. The absorption capacity of HFE-7200 is higher than that of toluene and isopropanol, illustrating the fluorophilicity of the fluoridated porous materials.
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APPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY
·
2020
·Vol. 34
·期 9
·e5783
·
IF 3.14
Wenpeng Gong,Li Zhang,Ying Yu,Bixia Lin,Yumin Wang,Yujuan Cao,Manli Guo
In this paper, cobalt ion was employed to modify Cu 3 (BTC) 2 to improve the adsorption property for formaldehyde gas. The cobalt ion was doped during the synthesis of Cu 3 (BTC) 2 to form a product of CuCo-BTC. As the optimization assay indicated, when the molar ratio of the Co 2+ /Cu 2+ was 3/17, the adsorption amount for formaldehyde gas achieved the maximum, which is 1.6-fold to that of Cu 3 (BTC) 2 . ICP-MS, XPS, XRD, FT-IR, SEM and N 2 adsorption–desorption were used to investigate the structure and property of the CuCo-BTC. Subsequently, the adsorption kinetic process of the CuCo-BTC was assessed, the result suggests it coinciding to the pseudo first-order kinetic model which belongs to the physical adsorption process. The further assays indicated the CuCo-BTC possessing higher and faster colorimetric response to formaldehyde with indicator than other metal organic framework materials or common indicators. Therefore, it was utilized to fabricate a functional paper chip to perform the visualized detection of formaldehyde gas. The result displayed a sensitive response to formaldehyde gas in the concentration range of 0.02 ~ 0.08 mg/m 3 . Besides, the whole colorimetric assay merely takes 150 s, suggesting a favorable application prospect in the on-site test of detrimental gas.
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BIOMACROMOLECULES
·
2021
·
IF 6.988
Panpan Song,Nannan Song,Li Li,Minghao Wu,Zhongxia Lu,Xia Zhao
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal brain tumor with poor prognosis. Blood–brain barrier (BBB) prevents the effective delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to GBM. Herein, we developed a pH/reduction-sensitive carboxymethyl chitosan nanogel (CMCSN) modified by targeting peptide angiopep-2 (ANG) and loaded with doxorubicin (DOX). The multifunctional nanogel (DOX-ANG-CMCSN) exhibited good pH and reduction sensitivity, ideal stability, and biocompatibility. Its hydrodynamic diameter was 190 nm, drug loading was 12.7%, and the cumulative release rate of 24 h was 82.3% under the simulated tumor microenvironment. More importantly, the modification of ANG significantly enhanced BBB penetration and tumor targeting ability both in vivo and in vitro. DOX-ANG-CMCSN achieved 2–3-fold higher uptake and an enhanced antitumor activity compared with nontargeted DOX-CMCSN. Therefore, the targeted nanogels with the pH/reduction dual-stimuli response may provide a promising platform for GBM-targeted chemotherapy.
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ADVANCED MATERIALS
·
2021
·Vol. 33
·期 34
·2101707
·
IF 30.849
Min Li,Sanpeng Li,Yixuan Huang,Haixia Chen,Songya Zhang,Zhicheng Zhang,Weigang Wu,Xiaobin Zeng,Boping Zhou,Bin Li
The transfer of foreign synthetic messenger RNA (mRNA) into cells is essential for mRNA-based protein-replacement therapies. Prophylactic mRNA COVID-19 vaccines commonly utilize nanotechnology to deliver mRNA encoding SARS-CoV-2 vaccine antigens, thereby triggering the body's immune response and preventing infections. In this study, a new combinatorial library of symmetric lipid-like compounds is constructed, and among which a lead compound is selected to prepare lipid-like nanoassemblies (LLNs) for intracellular delivery of mRNA. After multiround optimization, the mRNA formulated into core–shell-structured LLNs exhibits more than three orders of magnitude higher resistance to serum than the unprotected mRNA, and leads to sustained and high-level protein expression in mammalian cells. A single intravenous injection of LLNs into mice achieves over 95% mRNA translation in the spleen, without causing significant hematological and histological changes. Delivery of in-vitro-transcribed mRNA that encodes high-affinity truncated ACE2 variants (tACE2v mRNA) through LLNs induces elevated expression and secretion of tACE2v decoys, which is able to effectively block the binding of the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 to the human ACE2 receptor. The robust neutralization activity in vitro suggests that intracellular delivery of mRNA encoding ACE2 receptor mimics via LLNs may represent a potential intervention strategy for COVID-19.
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CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN
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2021
·
IF 4.076
Xiaoqing Jiang,Hongping Wu,Hongwei Yu,Zhanggui Hu,Jiyang Wang,Yicheng Wu
Iodates capable of exhibiting large second-harmonic-generation (SHG) response, wide transparent windows, and ease in crystal growth are an ideal materials class for the design of mid-infrared (IR) nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals. In previous research, we have presented a new strategy for effectively designing noncentrosymmetric iodates on the basis of the structure-directing properties of d0 transition-metal (TM) oxide fluoride anions. However, due to the d–d electronic transition of TM cations, the band gaps of these TM-containing iodates are relatively small. In this study, we substituted TM cations of β-Ba[VFO2(IO3)2] (BVIF) with In3+ cations and successfully synthesized the first F–-containing indium iodate, Ba[InF3(IO3)2]. It has a similar structure and exhibits an SHG response equivalent with that of BVIF. Remarkably, however, the band gap of Ba[InF3(IO3)2] is larger than that of BVIF. The analysis of the structure–property relationship indicates that the enlarged band gap mainly originates from the removal of TM cations. In addition, due to the strong anisotropic polarization of the [IO3]− groups, Ba[InF3(IO3)2] can also exhibit a large birefringence (0.172@1064 nm), which not only is helpful for the phase-matching ability of Ba[InF3(IO3)2] in a wide wavelength range but also suggests that Ba[InF3(IO3)2] may be a potential birefringent crystal.
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WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION
·
2021
·Vol. 232
·期 9
·1-13
·
IF 2.52
Li Qiuyue,Huang Kaibo,Duan Xingchun,Liang Jiahao,Chen Xinran,Tao Xueqin,Lu Guining
In this research, the feasibility of UV/Fe(III) photocatalytic technology for the degradation of tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) was investigated. Experimental results showed that TCEP had a significant removal efficiency in UV/Fe(III) ([TCEP] 0 = 10 ppm, [Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ] 0 = 0.5 mM, near-100% degradation rate after 90 min). A free radical scavenging experiment and EPR detection indicated that the formation of ·OH by the Fe(III) under ultraviolet light played a major role. Experiments on influencing factors revealed that oxygen accelerated the degradation of TCEP by accelerating the Fe(II)/Fe(III) cycle, but Cl − and PO 4 3− inhibited TCEP degradation. Three intermediate products were generated, including C 4 H 9 Cl 2 O 4 P (product A, m/z 222.9690), C 6 H 13 Cl 2 O 5 P (product B, m/z 266.9954), and C 2 H 6 ClO 4 P (product C, m/z 160.9762). Moreover, the degradation pathways primarily involved the C–Cl bond and phosphoric center being attacked. Escherichia coli toxicity test revealed that UV/Fe(III) treatment reduced environmental risk of TCEP. Therefore, UV/Fe(III) photocatalysis is a promising technique for TCEP control in wastewater treatment. Graphical abstract
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MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION
·
2021
·
IF 4.711
Huan Lan,Lu-Ying Zhang,Wen He,Wan-Ying Li,Zhen Zeng,Bo Qian,Chengqiang Wang,Jia-Le Song
The integrity and permeability of the intestinal epithelial barrier are important indicators of intestinal health. Impaired intestinal epithelial barrier function and increased intestinal permeability are closely linked to the onset and progression of various intestinal diseases. Sinapic acid (SA) is a phenolic acid that has anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, and antioxidant activities; meanwhile, it is also effective in the protection of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the specific mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory of SA and investigated its potential therapeutic activity in LPS-induced intestinal epithelial barrier and tight junction (TJ) protein dysfunction. SA improved cell viability; attenuated epithelial permeability; restored the protein and mRNA expression of claudin-1, ZO-1, and occludin; and reversed the redistribution of the ZO-1 and claudin-1 proteins in LPS-treated Caco-2 cells. Moreover, SA reduced the inflammatory response by downregulating the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and attenuated LPS-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction by decreasing the activation of the MLCK/MLC pathway. This study demonstrated that SA has strong anti-inflammatory activity and can alleviate the occurrence of high intercellular permeability in Caco-2 cells exposed to LPS.
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Small
·
2021
·Vol. 17
·期 33
·2102097
·
IF 13.281
Chunqiao Jin,Pengbo Zhai,Yi Wei,Qian Chen,Xingguo Wang,Weiwei Yang,Jing Xiao,Qianqian He,Qingyun Liu,Yongji Gong
Ultrathin nickel (Ni)-based sulfide nanosheets have been reported as excellent electrocatalysts for overall water splitting; however, the uncontrollability over thickness due to the nonlayered structure still hampers its practical application. Herein, a simple topochemical conversion strategy is employed to synthesize cobalt-doped Ni 3 S 2 (Co-Ni 3 S 2 ) ultrathin nanosheets on Ni foam. The Co-Ni 3 S 2 nanosheets are controlled synthesized by using Co-Ni(OH) 2 ultrathin nanosheets as templates with anneal and sulfurization treatment, showing exceptional electrocatalytic activity. This template-assisted method can also be applied to obtain Ni, NiO, and NiP x nanosheets, providing a universal strategy to synthesize ultrathin nanosheets of nonlayered materials. The overall water splitting of this Co-Ni 3 S 2 ultrathin nanosheets achieves a low voltage of 1.54 V at a current density of 10 mA cm −2 and high durability in 1 m KOH, comparable to the best performance of electrochemical water splitting ever reported. The detailed structural transformation of Ni-based sulfides in the catalytic process and its mechanism are further explored both experimentally and theoretically.
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