CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH
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2026
·
IF 3.4
Wenting Shi,Rui Li,Yan Fang,Zhangqi Huang,Lin Yue,Imran Mahmood Khan,Zhouping Wang
Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) derivatives present significant potential as antimicrobial agents. Our previously developed geraniol (Ger) grafted Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS-Ger) has demonstrated commendable solubility and antibacterial activity. To further improve its effectiveness, exploring methods for bacterial targeting could be a beneficial approach. Therefore, we herein report a novel dual-functional derivative, phenylboronic acid (PBA) and Ger co-modified COS, by strategically integrating PBA into the COS-Ger framework. The molecular structure of the derivative has been validated through several characterization techniques. Biological evaluations demonstrated that PBA incorporation synergistically enhanced the compound's bacterial targeting, resulting in markedly improved antibacterial performance. PBA incorporation synergistically enhanced the compound's bacterial targeting. Specifically, at a low concentration of 0.2 mg/mL, the inhibition rate of PBA–COS–Ger against Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) reached 73.10%, significantly outperforming that of COS-Ger (30.61%). Moreover, it achieved nearly 100% inhibition against both S. aureus and Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) at 1.0 mg/mL. These results clearly indicate that the grafting of PBA greatly enhanced the antibacterial ability of COS-Ger. The practical potential of this derivative was preliminarily verified through a preservation experiment on cherry tomatoes. This approach establishes a conceptual platform for the rational design of highly efficient, bio-based antimicrobial agents.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2026
·
IF 8.7
Jianmin Zou,Genna Ba,Yan Zhang,Jian He,Chong Chen,Kai Zhou,Wenhua Jin,Hejing Tang,Senyang Hu,Zihao Wang,Wei Xiong,Liyi Chen,Huichang Zhong,Dian Wang,Wei Tan,Hongsheng Du,Pengjie Wang,Baocai Xu,Yinhua Zhu
A zein-chitosan composite microcapsule was developed for rumen-protected DHA delivery. • Microcapsules exhibited high encapsulation efficiency (>90%) and strong structural stability. • In vitro digestion showed 85.76% ruminal passage and > 75% intestinal release. • Compared with algal oil, the DHA conversion rate of milk reached 21.82% after adding microcapsules. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid with significant nutritional value. Natural DHA-enriched milk is an excellent source, but DHA is lost in the rumen, limiting its enrichment in milk. Herein, a novel zein-chitosan (CS) composite microcapsule system was developed to bypass ruminal degradation and enable controlled post-ruminal DHA release. Zein-CS microcapsules and two zein-only formulations, namely freeze-dried zein microcapsules (Zein-FD) and spray-dried zein microcapsules (Zein-SD), were physically and chemically characterized. Addition of chitosan increased particle size, surface positive charge, and polydispersity index of nanoemulsions. For dried microcapsules, chitosan increased encapsulation efficiency and decreased surface oil. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction confirmed strong hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, and hydrophobic interactions among zein, chitosan, and DHA. In vitro simulated rumen digestion assays revealed that zein-CS microcapsules achieved a ruminal DHA passage rate of 85.75%, markedly outperforming Zein-FD (34.07–63.70%) and Zein-SD (45.60–58.05%), because chitosan suppressed burst release and premature lipid exposure in the rumen. Total DHA release during simulated stomach and intestinal digestion reached ≥75% for zein-CS capsules. Only Zein-CS preserved alpha-diversity and community structure of rumen microbiota comparable to untreated controls; conversely, oil, Zein-FD, and Zein-SD treatments reduced microbial richness and diversity, and stimulated Lachnospiraceae . Animals fed Zein-CS produced milk containing 10.40 mg/100 mL DHA, higher than goats fed algae oil (3.57 mg/100 mL), with a DHA transfer efficiency of 21.82%. Therefore, Zein-CS microencapsulation effectively shields DHA from ruminal biohydrogenation, preserves rumen microbial homeostasis, enables targeted gastrointestinal release, and enhances milk DHA enrichment.
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Gels
·
2026
·Vol. 12
·期 7
·580
·
IF 6.4
Sinuo Yan,Jingna Xu,Yue Shen,Chengde Liu,Xigao Jian,Zhonghai Li
Hydrogel dressings are critical in biomedical applications. However, developing multifunctional hydrogel dressings that combine antibacterial action, strong interfacial adhesion, and anti-inflammatory regulation remains a significant challenge. This study presents a novel chitosan-EMA-DMA hydrogel consisting of MgO and chitosan-curcumin nanoparticles. DMA endowed the hydrogel with adhesive performance, and EMA with water sorption enhanced the swelling ratio of the hydrogel which could control the release of the functional ingredient. The multifunctional composite hydrogel containing MgO and Curcumin demonstrated antibacterial activity and inflammatory regulation. The findings from the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), NMR, and SEM confirmed the successful material synthesis and the preparation of the composite hydrogel. The swelling ratio was enhanced by 50% after EMA was introduced. The adhesive strength of the composite hydrogel with skin tissue was enhanced to 90 kPa due to the introduction of DMA. The antibacterial study showed that Mg released from the multifunctional composite hydrogel enhanced the antibacterial efficacy of the composite hydrogel againstE. coliandS. aureus. In vitro assessments revealed the biocompatibility and inflammatory regulation of the multifunctional composite hydrogel containing curcumin. This approach offers a strategic solution for wound dressing in biomedical applications.
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CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2026
·
IF 13.2
Wenhao Liu,Xinyi Li,Chunsheng Pang,Shanshan Li,Xiaoying Wang
Dysregulation between bacterial clearance and inflammation regulation leads to delayed healing of infected wounds. Conventional dressings lack the dynamic regulatory capacity and microscale shape adaptability to address this issue. Here, we developed core-shell hydrogel microspheres (HEA@AgM) based on hydroxypropyl chitosan via droplet microfluidics and electrostatic self-assembly. The system achieves stage-specific therapy by integrating a glutathione-responsive antibacterial shell and a ROS-responsive epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)-loaded core. HEA@AgM precisely conforms to the shape of the wound and degrades in situ in response to ROS, reducing traumatic dressing removal. Microscale spatial compartmentalization enables the accurate release of therapeutic agents in response to different biochemical signals, accomplishing a dual-functional synergy of rapid infection control and sustained immunomodulation. It achieved rapid antibacterial activity (99.6% and 99.8% killing against Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) and Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and 94.1% biofilm clearance against S. aureus ) and sustained antioxidant regulation (DPPH scavenging efficiency of 87.9%), translating into anti-inflammatory efficacy. Hence, it efficiently reduced bacterial burden, suppressed inflammation, promoted tissue repair, and enhanced healing quality in a full-thickness methicillin-resistant S. aureus -infected wound model (70.9% residual area by Day 7). This multifunctional, environment-adaptive system provides guidance and support for developing adaptive wound healing and in situ biodegradable dressings.
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FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
·
2026
·
IF 8.8
Jun Yang,Gulden Goksen,Di Wu,Guanghua Xia,Wanli Zhang
Light-driven mesoporous polydopamine for controlled release of cinnamaldehyde. • Functionalized films show enhanced barrier properties and antibacterial performance. • Controlled antimicrobial release prolongs strawberry shelf-life by 2–4 days. • Smart light-responsive films integrate spatiotemporal release and postharvest preservation. Postharvest microbial contamination poses a significant challenge to fruit preservation. In this study, CMCTD films were fabricated by incorporating cinnamaldehyde-loaded mesoporous polydopamine nanocarriers with a phase-change shell into a chitosan matrix, producing a denser microstructure with enhanced mechanical strength and improved water vapor barrier properties. Upon near-infrared irradiation, the films rapidly induced photothermal temperature rise above 60 °C within 5 min, which simultaneously triggered controlled release of cinnamaldehyde at a cumulative amount of 4 mg/g over 24 h. At the microstructural level, the synergistic antibacterial effect arose from the combination of photothermal temperature rise and sustained cinnamaldehyde release, effectively inhibiting Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus . The films exhibited high biocompatibility, with cell viability exceeding 96% and hemolysis rates below 5%, confirming their safety for food-contact applications. Application tests on strawberries demonstrated effective suppression of microbial growth, reduced moisture and nutrient loss, and prolonged shelf life by 2–4 days. These results illustrate how microstructural design and functional integration within CMCTD films can be harnessed to achieve controlled antimicrobial activity, providing a practical strategy for postharvest fruit preservation. Download: Download high-res image (150KB) Download: Download full-size image
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Polymers
·
2026
·Vol. 18
·期 9
·1114
·
IF 5.8
Phan Thi Minh Huyen,Luu Tien Hung,Phan Thi Hong Tuyet,Nguyen Huy Dan,Luu Thi Viet Ha,Tran Thi Nhu Quynh,Nguyen Xuan Dung
Antibiotic contamination of water, particularly tetracycline (TC), poses significant environmental risks and requires sustainable treatment solutions. This study reports a green and cost-effective synthesis of a ZnO/chitosan nanocomposite (ZnO/CS) for photocatalytic TC removal. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using lime juice as a natural stabilizing agent and subsequently incorporated into a chitosan matrix. The physicochemical properties of the composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The results confirmed the successful formation of hexagonal wurtzite ZnO and strong interfacial interactions between ZnO nanoparticles and the –NH 2 /–OH functional groups of chitosan. The incorporation of chitosan significantly increased the specific surface area from 10.7 to 21.7 m 2 g −1 and reduced the band gap from 3.18 to 3.03 eV, thereby improving visible-light absorption. The photocatalytic performance was evaluated under varying pH, initial TC concentration, and catalyst dosage, with optimal conditions identified at pH 6, 20 mg/L TC, and 1 g/L catalyst. Under these conditions, the ZnO/CS nanocomposite achieved 94.1% TC degradation within 120 min under visible-light irradiation. Scavenger experiments revealed that •OH and •O 2 − radicals are the dominant reactive species, and a possible degradation mechanism was proposed. These findings demonstrate the potential of the green-synthesized ZnO/CS nanocomposite for antibiotic removal from aqueous environments.
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LANGMUIR
·
2026
·
IF 4.4
You Zhou,Yunjin Li,Zhengkai Han,Shangqing Yang,Yun Xue,Aichen Zhu,Yang Liu,Zhen Liang,Rui Shi,Xinyue Zhang
Post-traumatic uncontrolled bleeding is a major cause of trauma-related mortality, especially in cases involving irregular and noncompressible wounds. Existing commercial hemostatic powders face limitations such as unstable clot formation, poor tissue adhesion, and suboptimal biocompatibility, which restrict their clinical applicability. To address this, we developed a chitosan (CS)/poly(acrylic acid) (polyacrylic acid (PAA))-based composite hemostatic powder (CP powder) for effective management of noncompressible bleeding. The CP powder was obtained by dehydrating and grinding the CS/PAA hydrogel. They could rapidly absorb a large volume of fluid at the bleeding site and undergo an in situ transformation into a hydrogel state only within 10 s. In vitro experiments verified its excellent antibacterial efficacy, hemocompatibility, immunoregulation, and coagulation performance. In vivo experiments confirmed its efficacy in achieving rapid hemostasis in noncompressible wounds and modulating the immune microenvironment to promote tissue regeneration. The CP powder combines the quick hemostasis and enhanced tissue regeneration, offering a promising strategy for managing severe bleeding in clinical and emergency settings.
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
·
2026
·
IF 5.9
Qiuyue Huang,Ruoxuan Xu,Yanchen Liu,Na Li,Yuanyuan Sun,Rongxia Liu
Evo and Cur directly co-assembled into carrier-free nanoparticles • COS@EC NPs prolonged intestinal retention and increased systemic exposure • COS@EC NPs reduced ROS and VSMC proliferation with Nrf2/HO-1 upregulation • CETSA and DARTS supported HO-1 involvement in the cellular response • Oral COS@EC NPs reduced plaque burden in high-fat diet-fed ApoE −/− mice Oxidative stress and dysregulated vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation drive atherosclerotic (AS) progression and plaque development. Natural phytochemicals, including evodiamine (Evo) and curcumin (Cur), show anti-atherosclerotic potential, but poor aqueous solubility and insufficient intestinal absorption limit their oral use. Here, Evo and Cur were co-assembled into carrier-free Evo–Cur nanoparticles (EC NPs) and coated with chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) to obtain COS-coated EC nanoparticles (COS@EC NPs). Spectroscopic analyses and molecular dynamics simulations indicated that hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and π–π stacking mediated Evo–Cur nanoassembly. Under simulated gastrointestinal conditions, COS@EC NPs reduced gastric Cur release and increased intestinal Cur release. After oral administration, COS@EC NPs prolonged intestinal residence and increased systemic exposure. In platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-stimulated VSMCs, COS@EC NPs suppressed excessive proliferation, reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), elevated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, and restrained cell-cycle progression. This antiproliferative effect was partially reversed by the HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX, suggesting HO-1 involvement. Cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) and drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) analyses showed treatment-associated increases in the apparent thermal and proteolytic stability of HO-1, further supporting its involvement. In high-fat diet-fed ApoE −/− mice, oral administration of COS@EC NPs reduced plaque burden, improved lipid profiles, and alleviated oxidative stress without detectable systemic toxicity. Overall, these findings support COS@EC NPs as a potential carrier-free oral nanomedicine strategy for AS therapy and suggest that HO-1-associated redox regulation contributes to their vascular protective effects.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2025
·
IF 8.5
Xiangyu Zi,Xiaolong Sun,Fengwei Yin,Jia Gao,Jie Huang,Yingying Zhang,Yao Chen,Yongqian Fu
MOFs represent a promising platform for enzyme immobilization, yet the development of tailored strategies to accommodate both enzyme properties and MOF structures remains a challenge. In this study, we employed chitosanase BCC1 as a model enzyme and integrated Fe 2+ /Mn 2+ ions into the ZIF-8 to construct a bimetallic MOF-based immobilization system (BCC1@Fe/Mn-ZIF-8). Comprehensive characterization by SEM, FTIR, TGA confirmed the successful immobilization and structural integrity of the composite. The immobilized enzyme retained 97 % of its initial activity and exhibited enhanced stability under harsh thermal, pH, and solvent conditions. Notably, BCC1@Fe/Mn-ZIF-8 maintained 117 % activity after 14 days at 4 °C and 72 % residual activity after 14 reuse cycles, indicating excellent storage and reusability. This bimetallic MOF-based strategy offers a robust and efficient approach for enzyme immobilization, with strong potential in industrial biocatalysis.
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Advanced Healthcare Materials
·
2025
·
IF 9.6
Yibing Shi,Xiaoyi Zhu,Qingyuan Xu,Yanling Wu,Yishuo Sun,Xin Zhao,Yulong Liu,Wei Feng,Youhua Xie,Tianlei Ying,Zhenlin Yang
The oral administration of immunofluorophores has been limited by gastrointestinal degradation. To address this, a novel immunofluorophore (ICGM-B9-FCS), based on a single-domain antibody-dye targeting the CEACAM5 antigen, is coated with trifluoromethyl chitosan (5 mg kg −1 ) for NIR-II bioimaging of colorectal cancer and its distant metastases. ICGM-B9-FCS demonstrates unique advantages over existing intraoperative tumor-guidance bioagents, including resistance to liver metabolism, well-retained bioaffinity (EC 50 = 58.09 nmol L −1 ), enhanced relative quantum yield (up to 12 equivalents), significant redshifts in absorption (from 783 to 957 nm), effective oral delivery to colonic metastases, and in situ exploration of the capillary-lymphatic network transportation. These findings establish a regulatory pathway for modifying immunofluorophores as orally administered bioagents, offering innovative methods for preoperative diagnosis and intraoperative guidance in colorectal cancer.
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Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials
·
2025
·
IF 3.1
Linxiang Zhang,Ting Dai,Xiaoyu Wu,Bin Yi,Hongbin Zhao
Guided tissue regeneration/guided bone regeneration membranes (GTR/GBR) are widely used to repair damaged bone, manufactured using various materials, including synthetic polymers, natural polymers, metals, and inorganic compounds. Our previous study showed that nano-attapulgite (nano-ATP) composite membranes could significantly increase bone regeneration. Here, the porous nano-ATP-incorporated CH membranes were fabricated via the technique of freeze gelation (FG). The property and thermal stability of membranes were tested by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Cell proliferation and morphology on the membranes were also studied. In vivo Micro-CT and histological analyses were used to evaluate new bone formation in rat cranium defect models. The results indicated that with increasing ATP content, the water absorption, porosity, swelling rate, and degradation rate of chitosan membranes significantly decreased; conversely, the thermal weight loss and mechanical strength exhibited a marked increase. Culture of mouse mesenchymal cells (D1) showed that ATP-incorporated membranes increased cell proliferation and matrix deposition. Furthermore, the results from Micro-CT and histological staining demonstrated that ATP-incorporated membranes could increase new bone formation. These results suggest that this novel nano-ATP incorporated membrane has great potential for bone tissue engineering applications and may lead to effective bone regeneration and repair.
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FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
·
2026
·
IF 13.8
Wei Wan,Aijun Jian,Lingyi Gao,Jiaxuan Qu,Xiaokang Na,Ming Du,Jianyu Zhu,Beiwei Zhu,Chao Wu
Orchestrating hierarchical protein assembly is pivotal for tailoring plant-based food textures. This study elucidates a skeleton-filler mechanism by modulating chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) chain length during preheated soy protein isolate gelation. Spectroscopic and microscopic analyses revealed that long-chain COS induced substantial unfolding, increasing ordered β-sheets to 59.2% and promoting denser aggregate assembly. Critically, analyses of ultracentrifugation fractions confirmed that long-chain COS facilitated the formation of disulfide-crosslinked large aggregates (LAs). These LAs, serving as rigid skeletons, exhibited larger hydrodynamic radii but reduced surface hydrophobicity due to hydrophilic COS shielding, while small aggregates acted as interstitial fillers. This architectural optimization accelerated mesoscopic dynamics and elevated the storage modulus by 2.3-fold. Furthermore, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated restricted water mobility within this dense network, evidenced by a shortened relaxation time of immobilized water (shifted to 166 ms). These findings confirm that manipulating COS chain length regulates aggregate subpopulations, offering a targeted strategy for fabricating mechanically robust plant protein gels.
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